Body: | Coins of the Ptolemaic Empire (Egypt): 323-31BC
GREEK EMPIRE COIN PAGES (333-31 BC)
Macedonian Coins
333-302 BC
Ptolemaic Coins
323-31 BC
Seleucid Coins
321-64 BC
Maccabean Coins
166-37 BC
Introduction:
Alexander the Great conquers the world in a stunning and unique
series of victories:
In 334 BC Alexander the Great defeats Darius III in the Battle of
Granicus
In 333 BC Alexander the Great defeats Darius III in Battle of Issus
In 323 BC Alexander the Great dies at age 32 on June 10: The Great
broken horn of Daniel. After Alexander the Great died, his kingdom split
into four kingdoms just as Daniel had prophesied:
"After you there will arise another kingdom inferior to you, then
another third kingdom of bronze, which will rule over all the earth."
(Daniel 2:39)
"After this I kept looking, and behold, another one, like a leopard,
which had on its back four wings of a bird; the beast also had four heads,
and dominion was given to it." (Daniel 7:6)
Four horns of Dan 8:8; 11:3-4
"Then the male goat magnified himself exceedingly. But as soon as he
was mighty, the large horn was broken; and in its place there came up four
conspicuous horns toward the four winds of heaven." (Daniel 8:8)
""And a mighty king will arise, and he will rule with great
authority and do as he pleases. "But as soon as he has arisen, his
kingdom will be broken up and parceled out toward the four points of the
compass, though not to his own descendants, nor according to his authority
which he wielded, for his sovereignty will be uprooted and given to others
besides them." (Daniel 11:3-4)
Four "horns" empires after Alexander the Great:
Ptolemy Empire (323-31 BC)
Area of modern Egypt
Ptolemy Empire Ends when Rome conquers Egypt in 31 BC
Antony/Cleopatra commit suicide 30 extincting the Ptolemy empire.
Seleucid Empire (321-64 BC)
Area of Modern Israel, Syria, Turkey
Cassander (319-168 BC)
Area of Modern Greece.
Cassander founds Thessalonica 315 BC
Rome conquered Greece in battle of Pydna in 168 AD)
Lysimachus (323-133 BC)
Area of modern Asia Minor.
King Attalus III bequeathed Asia Minor to Rome in 133 BC
I. List of Ptolemaic kings of the Egyptian empire: 323-37 BC
Ptolemy I (Soter) 323-282 BC
Ptolemy II (Philadelphus) 282-246 BC
Ptolemy III (Euergetes I) 246-222 BC4. Ptolemy IV
(Philopator) 222-204 BC
Ptolemy V (Epiphanes) 204-180 BC
Ptolemy VI (Philometor) 180-145 BC
Ptolemy VII (Neos Philopator) 145 BC
Ptolemy VIII (Euergetes II Physcon) 145-116 BC
Ptolemy IX (Soter II Lathyrus) 116-107 BC
Ptolemy X (Alexander I) 107-88 BC
Ptolemy XI (Alexander II) 80 BC
Ptolemy XII (Auletes) 80-51 BC
Ptolemy XIV 47-44 BC
Ptolemy XV (Caesarion) 44-30 BC
Mark Antony kills Antigonus in 37 BC ending the Ptolemaic empire.
II. Denominations, diameters and weights of Ptolemaic (Egypt) and Greek
coins
There were hundreds of coins produced during the Ptolemaic era of
many varieties.
During the earliest years of the empire, Ptolemy II (282-246 BC) for
example produced a series of coin denominations in gold, silver and bronze.
The same sets of coins were manufactured in up to four different
mint cities: Sidon, Ptolemais, "Gaza" Tyre and Alexandria.
Below is the series of coins produced at the Gaza "Tyre" mint.
Notice the sequence of eagle motifs that progress large to small.
This progression in size, weight and logical pictorial diagrams of eagles
made the money easy to use and remember their value.
Drachm: (72 grams, 42mm) Two Eagles standing wings closed.
Tetrobol: (48 grams, 36 mm) One Eagle standing wings open.
Diobol: (24 grams, 30mm) One Eagle standing wings closed.
Obol: (12 grams, 24mm) One Eagle standing wings open.
Prutah
(Plural Prutot)
1 prutah = 1 Quadran
2 lepta = 1 prutah
64 prutot = 1 denarii/drachma
256 prutot = 1 shekel
Greek, Ptolemaic
Half-prutah
(plural half-prutot)
1 half-prutah = 1 letpa
2 half-prutah - prutah
128 half-prutah = 1 drachma/denarii
Greek, Ptolemaic
Dekadrachm
10 drachmae
43 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Tetradrachm
4 tetradrachm = 1 drachma
2 tetradrachm = 1 mina
17.2 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Didrachm
2 drachmae
8.6 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Drachma
(Plural drachmas)
4 drachma = 1 Tyrian shekel
6000 drachmas = 1 talent
1 dinarii = 1 drachma
192 prutot = 1 denarius
4.3 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Drachma
6 obols
4.3 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Tetrobol
4 obols
2.85 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Triobol
(hemidrachm)
3 obols
(½ drachma)
2.15 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Diobol
2 obols
1.43 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Obol
(Plural Obols)
6 obols = 1 drachma
24 Obols = 1 tetradrachm
4 tetartemoria
0.72 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Half-obol
(plural Half-obols)
12 Half-obols = 1 drachma
2 half-obols = 1 Obol
Greek, Ptolemaic
Lepta
(Plural Lepton)
1 letpa = 1 half-prutah
2 lepton = 1 quadran/prutah
7 lepton = 1 cholkos
128 lepton = 1 drachma/denarii
Greek, Ptolemaic
Widow gave two lepta
(1 Prutot of Alexander Jannaeus)
Quarter-obol
24 quarter-obols = 1 drachma
4 quarter-obols = 1 Obol
Greek,Ptolemaic
Tritartemorion
3 tetartemoria
0.54 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Hemiobol
2 tetartemoria
2 hemiobol = 1 obol
0.36 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Trihemitetartemorion
3/2 tetartemorion
0.27 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Tetartemorion
4 Tetartemorion = 1 obol
0.18 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
Hemitetartemorion
2 Hemitetartemorion = 1 tetartemorion
0.09 grams
Greek, Ptolemaic
III. Coins of Egyptian Ptolemaic Empire rulers: 323-31 BC
Ptolemy I (Soter) 323-282 BC
Judean coins "YHD" coins in the early Ptolemaic empire (Egypt):
"Coins 29-30: These coins too, on one side of which is seen a youthful male
head and on the other an eagle, lack the characteristics of the Persian
period. On the other hand they still lack certain Ptolemaic features, in
particular the head of a Ptolemaic king or queen - a dominant element on
their coins. In the meanwhile, until further facts are clarified, it is
better to date Coins 29-30 to the transitional period of Macedonian rule in
the country." (Meshorer, p 19)
The city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC.
Ptolemy I builds the Alexandria Library
Antiochus II commissions the Septuagint Manuscript of the Old
Testament to be translated from Hebrew into Greek in order to place it in
the Library of Alexandria.
The library of Alexandria was destroyed by Muslims under Caliph Omar
in 642 AD.
The same destruction of libraries and historical museums is still happening today.
Detailed outline on Septuagint LXX
Ptolemy II (Philadelphus) 282-246 BC
Ptolemy III (Euergetes I) 246-222 BC
Ptolemy IV (Philopator) 222-204 BC
Ptolemy V (Epiphanes) 204-180 BC
Ptolemy VI (Philometor) 180-145 BC
Ptolemy VII (Neos Philopator) 145 BC
Ptolemy VIII (Euergetes II Physcon) 145-116 BC
Ptolemy IX (Soter II Lathyrus) 116-107 BC
Ptolemy X (Alexander I) 107-88 BC
Ptolemy XI (Alexander II) 80 BC
Ptolemy XII (Auletes) 80-51 BC
Ptolemy XIV 47-44 BC
Ptolemy XV (Caesarion) 44-30 BC
Mark Antony kills Antigonus in 37 BC ending the Ptolemaic empire.
IV. The Septuagint Manuscript in the Alexandrian Library
Detailed outline on Septuagint LXX
The city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC.
Ptolemy I was hostile to the Jews but founded the famous Library of
Alexandria
Antiochus II commissions the Septuagint for the Alexandria Library
his father built!
The Library of Alexandria utterly destroyed by the Muslim conquest
sometime between 642 AD.
Having visited the modern Library in modern Alexandria, I found it
amusing and predictable that the Muslim tour guides were blaming it
destruction upon the Christians. "Muslims would never burn a library" the
guide said. Who knew? Ya Right!
V. Muslim historical amnesia: Armenian Holocaust of 1915 AD where 1.5
million Christians were slaughtered by Muslims:
The same re-writing of history in Igdir, Turkey, at the "Turkish"
monument to the Armenian holocaust in 1915 AD where 1.5 million were told
to "convert, pay the tax or die". (Sound familiar?)
Millions were killed, beheaded and many escaped to western countries
to live free of Islamic ethic terrorism.
Of course the signage in the "Turkish" memorial in Igdir blames the
killing on rebel leaders WITHIN the Christian Armenians while the Muslims
prayed for peace as mere observers. How utterly ridiculous!
"Turkification": social engineering that erases non-Muslim
history, invents a new fictional past which blames the Armenian Genocide of
1.5 million Christians on Armenian Christians as Muslims sat
innocently on the sidelines and prayed for peace.
New York Times said: "The Armenian massacres were wiped from the
country's history. A Century After Armenian Genocide, Turkey's Denial
Only Deepens Nearly 1.5 million Armenians died at the hands of the Ottoman
Empire in 1915, during World War I. Turks by and large do not believe mass
killings were planned. Turkey's ossified position (denial), so at odds
with the historical scholarship, is a legacy of how the Turkish republic
was established after World War I. Under its founder, Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk, society here underwent a process of Turkification: a feat of
social engineering based on an erasure of the past and the denial of a
multiethnic history." (NYT, April 16, 2015)
Armenian Genocide 1915 AD
1915 - 2015
100 years of Muslim lies
"The Muslim Holocaust Memorial in Igdir, Turkey is like the proposed ISIS Holocaust Museum of ISIS Muslims killed by Christians in Mosul in 2014."
This is the official Turkish Governments plaque in the Igdir memorial of the 1915 Armenian Genocide which says the Armenians killed 1.5 million of their own people and innocent Muslims.
Classic "Turkification" in action.
Click to view image in high resolution
So when you visit the new modern Library of Alexandria in Egypt
today and the tour guides tell you Christians burned down the library, just
print this picture off and hand it to them. When have Christians been known
to ever burn libraries? But we see Muslims engaging in deliberate
misinformation campaigns that rewrite known history AND BURNING DOWN
LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS TODAY.
Remember, the were many important documents and manuscripts in the
Library of Alexandria that the Devil wanted to get rid of and he used
Muslims as his agent.
Conclusion:
1. The Greek kingdom existed from 333 - 31 BC
2. Alexander the Great lived only ten years and ruled the world
as a sole monarch from 333-323 BC
3. The early Greek/Macedonian period is 333 - 302 BC as far as
classifying coins is concerned.
4. After Alexander the Great died, his kingdom was split into
four Kingdoms: (Four "horns" empires after Alexander the Great)
Ptolemy Empire (323-31 BC)
Seleucid Empire (321-64 BC)
Cassander (319-168 BC) We do not discuss this kingdom at all because
it is far removed from land of Judah.
Lysimachus (323-133 BC) We do not discuss this kingdom at all
because it is far removed from land of Judah.
For a short time during the Greek Empire period, the Jews gained
true independence under the Maccabees (Hasmonean Era): 166-37 BC
Rome conquered all by 31 BC and the fourth and final kingdom of
Daniel's prophecy (Dan 2) came into existence.
On Pentecost 33 AD, God set up his divine Kingdom which we know
today as the Church of Christ which will never come to an end:
"For this you know with certainty, that no immoral or impure person
or covetous man, who is an idolater, has an inheritance in the kingdom of
Christ and God." (Ephesians 5:5)
"For He rescued us from the domain of darkness, and transferred us
to the kingdom of His beloved Son, in whom we have redemption, the
forgiveness of sins." (Colossians 1:13-14)
Why not attend a local church that follows the pure Bible Blueprint
in your own home town! Click here to find one
GREEK EMPIRE COIN PAGES (333-31 BC)
Macedonian Coins
333-302 BC
Ptolemaic Coins
323-31 BC
Seleucid Coins
321-64 BC
Maccabean Coins
166-37 BC
By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections.
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