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Canon of the Old Testament
Lists and Catalogues of Old Testament Canon Collections
A conservative, bible believing perspective!
God's providence gave us the 27 book New Testament Canon, not the church.
God, not men decided the canon. This providence does not mean that church
leaders were inspired in their selecting the canon, only that God had his
eye on the scriptures the whole time and brought about His will to form the
Bible we see today!
Lists and Catalogues of Old Testament Canon Collections
Go to: "Canon of the Bible" Home Page
Lists and Catalogues of Old Testament Canon Collections
From: Lee Martin McDonald, James A. Sanders, Editors: The Canon Debate,
Appendix C, D, p 585-597, 2002
Table C-1: Old Testament: Lists from the Eastern Churches
Melito
Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 4.26.14 (ca. 320-325, Caesarea, Palestine).
Origen
Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.25.2 (ca. 320-325, Caesarea, Palestine).
Athanasius
Athanasius, Ep. fest. 39.4 (ca. 367, Alexandria, Egypt).
Cyri1
Cyril of Jerusalem, Catech. 4.35 (ca. 394, Bethlehem, Palestine).
Gen
Gen
Gen
Gen
Exod
Exod
Exod
Exod
Num
Lev
Lev
Lev
Lev
Num
Num
Num
Deut
Deut
Deut
Deut
Josh
Josh
Josh
Josh
Judg
Judg/Ruth
Judg
Judg/Ruth
Ruth
1-2 Kgs
Ruth
1-2 Kgs
1-4 Kgs
3-4 Kgs
1-2 Kgs
3-4 Kgs
1-2 Chr
1-2 Chr
3-4 Kgs
1-2 Chr
Pss
I-2 Esd
1-2 Chr
1-2 Esd
Prov
Pss
1-2 Esd
Esth
Eccles
Prov
Pss
Job
Song
Eccles
Prov
Pss
Job
Song
Eccles
Prov
Isa
Isa
Song
Eccles
Jer
Jer/Lam/Ep
Job
Song
Dan
(Twelve omitted)
Twelve
Twelve
Esd
Dan
Isa
Isa
(Esth omitted)
Ezek
Jer/Bar/Lam/Ep
Jer/Lam/Ep/Bar
Job
Ezek
Ezek
Esth
Dan
Dan
(Table C-1, continued)
Epiphanius
Haer. 1.1.8 (ca. 374-377, Salamis, Western Syria).
Epiphanius
Mens. 4 (ca. 374-377, Salamis, Western Syria).
Epiphanius
Mens. 23 (ca. 374-377, Salamis, Western Syria).
Gregory
Gregory of Nazianzus, Carm. 1.12.5 (ca. 390, Cappadocia, Asia Minor).
Amphilochius
Amphilochius, Iambi ad Seleucum 2.51-88 (ca. 396, Iconium, Asia Minor).
Gen
Gen
Gen
Gen
Gen
Exod
Exod
Exod
Exod
Exod
Lev
Lev
Lev
Lev
Lev
Num
Num
Num
Num
Num
Deut
Deut
Deut
Deut
Deut
josh
Job
josh
josh
josh
Judg
Pss
Job
Judg/Ruth
Judg
Ruth
Prov
Judg
1-4 Kgs
Ruth
Job
Eccles
Ruth
1-2 Chr
1-4 Kgs
Pss
Song
Pss
1-2 Esd
1-2 Chr
Prov
Josh
1 Chr
job
1-2 Esd
Eccles
Judg/Ruth
2 Chr
Pss
Job
1 Kgs
1-2 Chr
I Kgs
Eccles
Pss
2 Kgs
1-2 Kgs
2 Kgs
Song
Prov
3 Kgs
3-4 Kgs
3 Kgs
Prov
Eccles
4 Kgs
Twelve
4 Kgs
Twelve
Song
1 Chr
Isa
Prov
Isa
Twelve
2 Chr
Jer
Eccles
Jer
Isa
Twelve
Ezek
Song
Ezek
Jer
Isa
Dan
Twelve
Dan
Ezek
Jer/Lam/Ep/Bar
1-2 Esd
Isa
Dan
Ezek
Esth
Jer
Esth
Dan
Ezek
1 Esd
Dan
2 Esd
1 Esd
2 Esd
Esth
C-2: Old Testament Lists from the Western Churches
Hilary
Hilary, Prolog. in Lib. Ps. 15 (ca. 350-365, Poitiers).
Jerome
Jerome, Ep. 53.8 (ca. 394, Bethlehem, Palestine).
Jerome
Jerome, Praef in Lib. Sam. et Mal. (ca. 394, Bethlehem, Palestine).
Ruftnus
Rufinus, Comm. in Symb. Apost. 35 (ca. 404, Rome, Italy).
Augustine
Augustine, Doct. chr. 2.13 (ca. 395, Hippo Regius, North Africa).
Carthage Council of Carthage (397 C.E.), canon 26.
Moses (5)
Gen
Gen
Gen
Gen
Gen
Josh
Exod
Exod
Exod
Exod
Exod
Jdgs/Ruth
Lev
Lev
Lev
Lev
Lev
1-2 Kgs
Num
Num
Num
Num
Num
3-4 Kgs
Deut
Deut
Deut
Deut
Deut
1-2 Chr
job
josh
josh
josh
josh
1-2 Esd
Josh
Judg/Ruth
Judg/Ruth
Judg
Judg
Pss
Judg
1-2 Kgs
1-2 Kgs
Ruth
Ruth
Prov
Ruth
3-4 Kgs
3-4 Kgs
1-4 Kgs
1-4 Kgs
Eccles
Sam
Isa
1-2 Chr
1-2 Chr
1-2 Chr
Song
3-4 Kgs
Jer
1-2 Esd
Job
Job
Twelve
Twelve
Ezek
Esth
Tob
Pss
Isa
Isa
Twelve
Isa
Esth
1-5 Sol
(It is likely, but not definitely known, that 1-5 Sol is Prov, Eccl, Song, Sir, and Wis.)
Jer/Lam/Ep
Jer
Job
Jer
Jdt
Twelve
Dan
Ezek
Pss
Ezek
1-2 Macc
Isa
Ezek
Dan
Prov
Dan
1-2 Esd
Jer
Job
Pss
Eccles
Twelve
Pss
Ezek
Esth
Song
Song
Job
Prov
Dan
job)
Sol
Dan
Pss
Song
Tob
(Jdt)
Esth
1-2 Chr
Prov
Eccles
Jdt
1-2 Chr
1-2 Esd
Eccles
Wis
Esth
Ezra-Neh
Esth
Song
Sir
1-2 Esd
Twelve
1-2 Macc
Isa
Jer
Dan
Ezek
Table C-3: Old Testament Lists from Important Uncial Manuscripts
Ellipses (. . .) indicate losses or omissions in the manuscript.
Vaticanus (B)
Sinaiticus (N)
Alexandrinus (A)
(4th cent.)
(4th cent.)
(5th cent.)
Gen
Gen...'
Gen
Exod
...
Exod
Lev
...
Lev
Deut
Num ...
Num
josh
...
Deut
Judg
...
Josh
Ruth
...
Judg
1-4 Kgs
...
Ruth
1-2 Chron
1 Chron ...
1-4 Kgs
1-2 Esd
... 2 Esd
1-2 Chron
Ps ...
Esth
Hos
Prov
Tob
Amos
Eccles
Jdt ...
Mic
Song
1-4 Macc
Joel
Job
Isa
Obad
Wis
Jer
Jon
Sir
Lam ...
Nah
Esth
Joel
Hab
Jdt
Obad
Zeph
Tob
Jon
Hag
Hos
Nah
Zech
Amos
Hab
Mal
Mic
Zeph
Isa
Joel
Hag
Jer
Obad
Zech
Bar
Jon
Mal
Lam
Nah
Ps
Ep Jer
Hab
Prov
Ezek
Zeph
Eccles
Dan
Hag
Song
Esth
Zech
Wis
Tob
Mal
Sir
Jdt
Isa
Job
1-2 Esd
Jer
1-4 Macc
Bar
Ps
(Before the Psalms there is a letter of Athanasius to Marcellinus about the Psalter and a summary of the contents of the Psalms by Eusebius.)
Lam
Ps 151
(After the Psalms, there are a number of canticles (called Odes) extracted from other parts of the Bible.)
Ep Jer
Job
Ezek
Prov
Dan
Song
Wis
Sir
Table C-4: Current Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
This table is based on Appendix D of The SBL Handbook of Style (Peabody:
Hendrickson, 1999), 168-71
Jewish
The traditional number of books in the Jewish canon is twenty-four.
Orthodox
"Orthodox" here refers to the Greek and Russian Orthodox churches, the Slavonic Bible being the traditional text of the latter. In Orthodox Bibles, 4 Maccabees and the Prayer of Manasseh-and in Slavonic, 3 Esdras-are in an appendix.
Roman Catholic
The traditional number of books in the Roman Catholic canon is forty-nine. The order of books in Roman Catholic Bibles varies. This order reflects current editions, such as the Jerusalem Bible and the New American Bible. The appendix of the Latin Vulgate contains 3 Esdras, 4 Esdras, and the Prayer of Manasseh.
Protestant
Torah:
Historical Books:
Pentateuch:
Pentateuch:
Genesis
Genesis
Genesis
Genesis
Exodus
Exodus
Exodus
Exodus
Leviticus
Leviticus
Leviticus
Leviticus
Numbers
Numbers
Numbers
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Prophets:
'The two subgroupings of the Prophets are traditionally known as the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Book of the Twelve counts as one of the Latter Prophets.
Judges
Historical Books:
Historical Books:
Joshua
Ruth
Joshua
Joshua
Judges
1 Kingdoms
[1 and 2 Kingdoms are the books of Samuel; 3 and 4 Kingdoms are the books of Kings.]
Judges
judges
1-2 Samuel
2 Kingdoms
Ruth
Ruth
1-2 Kings
3 Kingdoms
1 Samuel
1 Samuel
4 Kingdoms
2 Samuel
2 Samuel
Isaiah
1 Chronicles
1 Kings
1 Kings
Jeremiah
2 Chronicles
2 Kings
2 Kings
Ezekiel
1 Esdras
[This 1 Esdras is called 2 Esdras in Slavonic Bibles. The 2 Esdras in this canon is equivalent to the book of Ezra in the NRSV; in some Bibles it also includes Nehemiah.]
1 Chronicles
1 Chronicles
The Twelve
2 Esdras
2 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Hosea
Nehemiah
Ezra
Ezra
Joel
Tobit
Nehemiah
Nehemiah
Amos
Judith
Tobit
Esther
Obadiah
Esther
[Includes six additions.]
Judith
Jonah
1 Maccabees
Esther
[Includes six additions.]
Poetic Books:
Micah
2 Maccabees
1 Maccabees
Job
Nahum
3 Maccabees
2 Maccabees
Psalms
Habakkuk
Proverbs
Zephaniah
Poetic and Didactic Books:
Wisdom Books:
Ecclesiastes
Haggai
Psalms
[Includes Psalm 151]
Job
Song of Songs
Zechariah
Job
Psalms
Malachi
Proverbs
Proverbs
Prophetic Books:
Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes
Isaiah
Writings:
Song of Songs
Song of Songs
Jeremiah
Psalms
Wisdom of Solomon
Wisdom of Solomon
Lamentations
Proverbs
Wisdom of Sirach
Ecclesiasticus
Ezekiel
Job
Daniel
Song of Songs
Prophetic Books:
Prophetic Books:
Hosea
Ruth
Hosea
Isaiah
Joel
Lamentations
Amos
Jeremiah
Amos
Ecclesiastes
Micah
Lamentations
Obadiah
Esther
Joel
Baruch
[Includes Epistle of Jeremiah.]
Jonah
Daniel
Obadiah
Ezekiel
Micah
Nehemiah
Jonah
Daniel
[Includes Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Young Men, Susanna, and Bel and the Dragon.]
Nahum
1-2 Chronicles
Nahum
Hosea
Habakkuk
Habakkuk
Joel
Zephaniah
Zephaniah
Amos
Haggai
Haggai
Obadiah
Zechariah
Zechariah
Jonah
Malachi
Malachi
Micah
Isaiah
Nahum
Jeremiah
Habakkuk
Baruch
Zephaniah
Lamentations of Jeremiah
Haggai
Epistle of Jeremiah
Zechariah
Ezekiel
Malachi
Daniel
[Includes Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Young Men, Susanna, and Bel and the Dragon.]
By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections.
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