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Essays on physiognomy, J. C. Lavater, 1789 AD ...

https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/essays-on-physiognomy-j-c-lavater-1789ad.htm
1: The Brain and Mental illness: Modern Psychiatry is neo-Phrenology
Phrenology was later popularized by Samuel Wells in 1891 AD. This tradition of quack psychiatry continues today with the God Helmet in 2002 AD, where magnetic impulses on the side of the are supposed to generate spiritual experiences in the wearer. Poor gullible atheist Richard Dawkins actually tried on the God Helmet. How else could he expect to see God? So the stupid junk science of phrenology has a dark tradition that continues into modern chemical psychiatry. Gall taught that since a person's mental and moral characteristics are determined by the shape of the skull he was born with, criminals really couldn't be blamed for their crimes. This thinking is seen today in the insanity plea and chemical evolutionary psychiatrists. "In criminology he advocated reform by re-education rather than punishment and suggested at a time when the criminal was thought to be made and not born, that there were degrees of responsibility proportionate to innate propensities which could also be ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-mental-illness-brain-mind-neo-phrenology.htm

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2: Essays on physiognomy, J. C. Lavater, 1789 AD
...Essays on physiognomy, J. C. Lavater, 1789 AD) Click to View Essays on physiognomy, J. C. Lavater, 1789 AD Click to View FIG. 106 Engraving of an idiot (possibly a cretin) from J. C. Lavater's Essays on physiognomy, 1789 (translated by T. Holcroft), London, Robinson, vol. 3, plate 36. Engraving of an Idiot The commentary reads : 'The mouth and nose of this idiot have not lost the national character [Swiss], though he is not so natively stupid as to be incapable of being taught, or of any unexpected or original thought. There are decisive marks of stupidity . . . in the eyebrows, the vacant eye, the cavity between the forehead and nose, and, particularly, in the mouth, chin, and neck. I should have discovered folly even in the wrinkles of the cheek'. Physiognomony, or, as more shortly written Physiognomy is the science or knowledge of the correspondence between the external and internal man, the visible superficies and the invisible contents' : this is why pictures of idiots and ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/essays-on-physiognomy-j-c-lavater-1789ad.htm

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3: Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting, Sir Charles ...
... Bethlem Hospital in July 1805. It is an impressive record of what at that time was the prevailing character and physiognomy of a madman' and together with Bell's description (`the violence of a madman arises from fear') drives home forcibly the effects of harsh and repressive treatment and restraint and how these produced violent patients and raving lunatics, a notion of typical insanity unfortunately left in the public mind long after the system which produced such patients ceased to exist. Incidentally 'These Essays' wrote Bell's widow in the preface to the third edition now entitled "The anatomy and philosophy of expression as connected with the fine arts", 1844, 'formed the earliest and the latest occupation of the lamented author's leisure hours'. And his brother G. J. Bell added that it was 'in tracing the causes of movements in the countenance and in the frame of the body under the influence of passion or emotion' that Bell 'engaged in a very careful inquiry into the origin, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/essays-on-the-anatomy-of-expression-in-painting-sir-charles-bell-1806ad.htm

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4: Sin was viewed as the cause (etiology) of mental illness
Christian Reil suggested that the Cat Piano was the cure for insanity. It worked by seating the insane in front of the Cat Piano, as someone played, sanity would be restored. Reil suggested this clever and imaginative hyperbole, in order to drive home his point, that insanity was a spiritual problem not a bodily problem. Doctors before the 19th century, knew less than a typical thirteen year old today, who dissected a few raccoons on his back yard picnic table and experimented with his chemistry set he got for Christmas! Click to View Click to View See also: History of Psychiatry homepage Historical Survey of Mental illness etiology 1500 - 1900 Introduction: The majority view of history for the cause of insanity, has always been sin and life choices, not the body. Here is the master summary of the historical Survey of Mental illness etiology 1500 - 1900 Historically, there were three groups of etiologies for insanity: 1. Those who believed sin directly caused insanity. 2. Those who ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-mental-illness-causes-etiology-historic-pre-1858ad.htm

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5: Historical overview of Psychiatry: 1550 BC - 2010 AD
Egyptians wrote a book of medicine. It is likely a copy of a much older book, but it is quite fascinating to realize just how much the ancients knew about the human body and various diseases. While the cures were no better than a witches brew with "eye of newt", they did understand the various diseases. The only reference to anything coming close to psychiatry is in the section on the heart where anger and sadness are discussed. Biopsychiatrists love to quote the papyrus as proof that the Egyptians believed depression was caused by bodily diseases. But this is simply untrue. In fact the opposite is true. The Egyptians understood that anger and sadness caused body diseases in the heart. The papyrus reads: "When his Heart is afflicted and has tasted sadness, behold his Heart is closed in and darkness is in his body because of anger which is eating up his Heart." (The Egyptian Medical Ebers Papyrus: 1550 BC) Jumping forward 3000 years... In 1558 AD, William Bullein stated that rejection ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-history-overview.htm

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6: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Mental Illness ...
The brain is an electric organ that runs on 1/10th of a single volt. TMS shocks the brain with 100 times that voltage through magnetic induction coils. "The most obvious and dangerous side effect of rTMS is the induction of epileptic seizures, and experience shows that currently available equipment is powerful enough to produce them readily." (Transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical psychiatry, Mark S. George, Robert H. Belmaker, 2007 AD, p 31) Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) generates electricity about 2 inches inside the brain with electromagnets and is a milder, gentler form of ECT (Electro-convulsive shock therapy). The entire theory underlying TMS in psychiatry is a form of neo-phrenology, that wrongly believed different parts of the brain can be specifically mapped to single emotions or moods. TMS applies electricity to these "emotion centers" of the brain in an effort to modify those emotions. They use the exact language of phrenology, but in modern ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-mental-illness-depression-brain-electro-shock-treatments-rTMS-repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation.htm

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7: The Physiognomical System of Franz Joseph Gall Johann Gaspar ...
Franz Joseph Gall and Dr. Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (phrenologists, phrenology) 1815 AD Click to View Click to View See also: History of Psychiatry homepage Click to View Introduction: See also: Phrenology. In 1815 AD, Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Gaspar Spurzheim came up with a new and improved version of the junk-pop psychology theories of Lavater's physiognomy, who taught the shape of a persons skull determined their mental abilities. Phrenology taught that the shape and size of the joints between the 22 bones of the human skull, determined all mental and personality traits. "he [Gall] observed any mechanician, musician, sculptor, draughtsman, mathematician, endowed with such or such faculty from birth, he examined their heads to try whether he might point out a particular development of some cerebral part. In this way, he found in a short time, in musicians and mechanics, the development of particular cerebral parts. ... individuals who from birth were stubborn, proud, courageous, ... ...
...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/the-physiognomical-system-of-franz-joseph-gall-johann-gaspar-spurzheim-phrenologists-phrenology-1815ad.htm

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