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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... not know the arts of making pottery or weaving; their tools and weapons were of unworked flint which they later learned to work and polish. ... Although they do not play anything like as significant a part in this text as they do in the Bible, they are connected with some of the most ... Christian and Muslim Petra Christianity came to Petra in the fourth century, when it was the seat of a bishopric wealthy enough to support a ... offerings or performing ritual gestures for the benefit of their worshippers; but in Petra one searches in vain for any such representation. ... The Triad Since the Nabataeans had contact with so many different cultures, it is not surprising that their theology shares many aspects and ... Four "mysteries" were bound up with the concept of female divinity: virginal purity and chastity; the hunger and passion of voluptuous female ... 1994 AD, p13-73, p125-129, p159) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... has stated." (Where is Mount Sinai in Arabia (Galatians 4:25)?, Bible and Spade, Gordon Franz, 2013 AD) Barry J. Beitzel misdefined the ... Archaeological excavations have found the same architecture (Crow-stepped, stone cut tombs) and assemblages (pottery) at Leuke Kome, Al ... After AD 50 the city reverted into Egyptian control. This is a significant oversite by Beitzel. f. Barry J. Beitzel comments: i. "Arabia ... his account, and the Arab occupation of these seaports in 450 BC do not reflect the geographic territory of Arabia in the first century. ... Buto was one of several key towns in which the Egyptians performed ritual sacrifices (2.58.1-60.3; 63.1). Buto, Pithom and Rhinocolura ... Ælius Gallus,and the traffic of the Alexandrian merchants whose vessels pass up the Nile and Arabian Gulf to India, have rendered us much ... Click here to find the closest assembly of Christians to your house. By Steve Rudd: 2005 - 2020: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... ... the people's future decimation, such that they would be devoid of family members and occasions of ritual mourning and festivity. c. ... See also the Arad Ostraca correspondence above where Zedekiah writes letters on pottery sherds to the fortress at Arad. Letter 1: Jeremiah ... yolk of Babylon from the neck of the nations and all the temple vessels will be returned to Jerusalem. iii. "Then Hananiah the prophet ... I am the Lord; I have spoken, and I will perform it."" (Ezekiel 17:11-24) 2. Comments: a. "The eagle is a popular figure in the prophets ... eagle stands for the Egyptian pharaoh Psammetichus II." (Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, Eagle, 1975 AD) b. "Significantly, the change in ... In an early second-century B.C. letter to Philocrates, Aristeas [Letter of Aristeas, 12-13, 150 BC] recalls that under Psammetichus, Jews ... in your own home town FIND ME A NEARBY LOCAL CHURCH NOW By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc

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1001 BC: Papyrus Moscow 127: Wermai's Odyssey & Tragic Tale of ... Ethiopians" (Aristeas 12,13) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! Written about 150 BC, and redording history in 278 BC, the letter of Letter of Aristeas to ... a glowing description of the construction, furnishings and ritual of the Temple (83-91) and extols the sanctity and wisdom of the High Priest (92-99, 130-36). ... Within these limits the suggested dates, as summarized by Jellicoe (1968: 48-50) fall into three groups: early, ca. 150-100 b.c., and 1st century b.c. It is less ... It is by this means, by taking up into itself the noblest elements, that the soul is established in purity, and having fixed its aim on piety, the noblest goal ... For, when these vessels had been completed and placed side by side, first a silver bowl and then a golden, then another silver, and then another golden, the ... facts from earlier periods. 3. What we read in the book we find in the ground! By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Zedekiah-letter-of-Aristeas-to-Philocrates-Pseudepigrapha-Psammetichus-Septuagint-LXX-Psamtik-II-Expedition-Nubia-Egypt-troops-Ezek17-15-593BC.htm

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Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... ") explains it as " holiness of the unstable son ; or " holiness of grain," or " of comtnoved or unsta ble purity." ... Exod. 2:5; Josh. 15: 46; 2 Sam. 15: 2; Dan. 10: 14, signify contact at a single point, or along a short distance ; but means " ... and loading, and in the unloading and replacing of the vessels and furniture and curtains and hangings and cover ings and ... Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac, or " Rashi," 2 the famous rabbinical writer of the eleventh century, held to it. 3 Since his day it has been repeatedly brought out by critical commentators and other Bible students ; for example : ... French birth, who lived from A. D. 1040 to A. D. 1105. His comments on Scripture are regarded by orthodox Jews as of very high ... us, we found twelve great walled ancient cisterns, round about which were lying many broken pieces of pottery, and ashes . . . ... All are clearly corrections for the first." (Schaff-Bissell Com. on Apoc., in loco.) 198 KADESH-BARNEA. ing, into English, as ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm

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Seven Myths Of Denominationalism! ... Before continuing, please consider some basic definitions to get us started, and some comments on the version of God's word that we will use ... In the following passage of scripture the apostle Paul uses the term circumcision figuratively. Recognize that circumcision was that ritual ... If this conclusion does not follow then our entry into Christ is different from those in the first century, as we saw in Section 4.2 above. If ... Not by our knowledge, moral excellence or purity of speech; although the absence of things will certainly declare that we are not His ... No matter; premillinialism rises and falls on whether the bible supports the concept of Jesus coming back to earth to establish a literal ... changes our conclusions, we seek your help and pledge to make corrections.) We recognize that there are a wide range of false teachings ... Many suffer from the consequences of the sins of others. The alcoholic certainly brings grief to all with whom he comes in contact. If he ... ... https://www.bible.ca/r-7-myths-of-denominationalism.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... ... While the wheel-made pottery is quite well known, the origin and development of the hand-made vessels are problematic. Kadesh Barnea: Tenth Century and Later Therefore, in order to investigate the matter of hand-made Negev pottery as well as to clarify the western boundary of the ... & Hudson, 1972, pp. 153-54, may have it as early as the 12th or I 1 th centuries; and a sherd has been found in a clear 11th-century context at Tell MAUA; so Y. Aharoni, V. Fritz, and A. Kempinski, "Vorbericht uber die Ausgrabungen auf der Ijirbet (M1 MVOS)," Zeitschrift der deutschen Pakistina-Vereins 89 (1973): 202, p I. 22:A. "Nelson Glueck, "The Third Season of Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 79 (1946): 17-18. 9"The Iron Age Pottery of the Timna` and `Amran Area," Palestine Exploration Quarterly 94 (1962): 66. 10Rothenberg, Timna, p. 117. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm

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The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ... ... Although it is difficult to discuss the fortress's chronology before the full publication of the pottery, the assemblage sealed beneath the destruction debris contained vessels characteristic of the final days of the Judaean kingdom. It thus seems that the fortress was built in ... Scholars agree that the enclosure of Kuntillet 'Ajrud is a single period site dating from the end of the ninth or the beginning of the eighth century B.C.E. During this period the site of Kadesh-Barnea was abandoned (E. Ayalon, who studied the pottery assemblage of Kuntillet ... the conclusion that Kuntillet 'Ajrud was a unique place, and is a factor that should be taken into account when the character and function of the site are being evaluated. 22 E. Ayalon: The Iron Age II Pottery Assemblage from klurvat Teiman (Kuntillet `Ajrud)(M.A. diss., Tel Aviv University), Tel Aviv, 1985, p. 102. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... Early in this century, a general scholarly consensus emerged, identifying Kadesh-barnea with Tell el-Qudeirat, located in the fertile valley watered by the spring of 'Ain el-Qudeirat. In the Bible, Kadesh-barnea, also known as Enmishpat, ... The Identification of Kadesh-barnea The pioneering explorers of the early 19th century sought Kadesh-barnea in the Aravah. In 1836, for example, von Raumer proposed 'Ain Hosb (Haseva) as a candidate for the site, while Robinson, in 1838, ... He also distinguished a phase, preceding the erection of the fortress, which he associated with the so-called "Negebite" pottery - crude, handmade vessels characteristic of the central Negev. A settlement phase could also be observed following the destruction of ... ("good offering") (Rudolph Cohen, Kadesh Barnea: A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD p7-21) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... ... Thus, Herzog proposes an 11th century date (Herzog 1990: 238); and Finkelstein, true to his multistage theory, dates the whole process to the end of the 11th and beginning of the 10th centuries (Finkelstein and Perevolotsky 1990: 78). This means that the oval fortresses were built in the 11th century, with the ... As usual in sites of this category in the Negev, the pottery was of two types: ordinary, wheel-made pottery, characteristic of the Iron Age; and rough, handmade pottery, of the type known as "Negev ware" (Cohen 1986). The number of Negev ware sherds was small. A selection of the ordinary vessels is shown in Figure 17. The pottery in general ... AD) Click to View The four springs of the Quseima area: Map of the Quseima area showing the location of Ein Muweileh. Click to View Click to View Quseima Click to View Muweileh Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm

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The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ... ... Most of the types of pottery, such as unusual bowls and jars (Fig. 7 : 1-4, 7-11), do not enable an exact dating, though certain others indicate that this settlement flourished in the 5th-4th centuries B.C.E. Among the characteristic pottery of this period are the well-known 'Persian' bowls, ... The fortress was finally destroyed, apparently by the Edomites, during or at the time of the conquest of Palestine by the Babylonians. The vessels found in situ within the debris of the fortress are from the end of the 7th century B.C.E. and the start of the 6th century B.C.E. In short, it may be said that the available evidence accords with what is known of the expansion of ... on one of the neighbouring hills, and the stone fences in the nearby fields, would indicate that the fortress continued to provide stones for the surrounding inhabitants for hundreds of years to come. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm

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Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... Meshel, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1991 AD) Although Negev pottery is found on a few homesteads, it is primarily found at either fortresses like Qudeirat or industrial areas like Timna. ... Within this rather long time span, Negev ware appears to have undergone some changes. In the earlier levels (10th century B.C.E.) at Kadesh-barnea and elsewhere, virtually the only forms ... The workmanship remains characteristically crude, but decorative indentation is sometimes added around the rim. As previously noted, these handmade vessels predominate among the pottery finds of the earlier two ... The dilemma is solved if he had just read his Bible and learned the Exodus was in 1446 BC he would never had made the comments that the fortresses of the Negev could NOT be of Israelite ... by workers of the Egyptian copper mines on their way home." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm

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'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... According to the Bible, the kings of Judah were involved during the eighth to sixth century BC [wrong: the bible says that Solomon expanded control in 950 BC] in keeping the Negev defensible by holding this vast area populated as a buffer zone ... The Qadesh Barnea fortress has three complexes corresponding to phases spanning about 300 years; they are called the upper, middle and lower fortress. `Edomite' pottery has only been found within the ashes from the conflagration of the upper fortress in the context of Cypro-Phoenician juglets, a collection of tens of handmade, coarse `Negbite' pots, and a predominance of Judahite vessels reminiscent of the seventh to sixth century BC (Cohen 1983, 100). The quantity of ... of Ateius of Arezzo. Archaeometry, 17, 50-7. Woolley, C. L. and Lawrence, T. E., 1915, The Wilderness of Zin, Palestine Exploration Fund Annual, 3, 62-71. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. ... and workmanship of the Midianite vessels found in the temple, as compared with the Midianite pottery from the other sites of Timna, is a clear indication that these sophisticated vessels were brought as votive gifts for the Hathor Temple. ... Whereas at Site 3o no Midianite ware was found (but there was an early stage of metallurgy, known to us from fifteenth to fourteenth century Egyptian smelters of Bir Nasib in Sinai) and very little Midianite pottery was located at Site 34, a ... context is uncertain at best. Given the uncertainty of field provenance and the chronology of "Midianite" pottery, which can antedate the Tell el-Kheleifeh assemblage by some four centuries (Rothenberg and Glass 1981: 85-114; 1983: 100-1), these few sherds surely do not document an occupational horizon." (Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A Reappraisal, Gary D. Pratico, 1985 AD) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... ... Aharoni related it to the semi-nomadic inhabitants of the desert: "This latter handmade pottery was no doubt made locally by the most primitive methods, i.e., on a mat and with very bad firing. It may be conjectured that these vessels were ... The "Way of Shur" (Genesis 16:7; 20:1) ran from Beer-Sheva through the area of Halussa, Nisana, and from there to the Sinai interior, on the way towards Egypt. The Bible also alludes to the "Way of Mount Seir" (Deuteronomy 1:1-2), the "Way ... el-Kheleifeh (which he identified with Ezion-geber) has conclusively proved that the tenth-century B.C. pottery is not represented (Gary Pratico, "Tell el Kheleifeh 1938-1940: A forthcoming reappraisal," BA, 1982, pp. 120-121). It may be, therefore, that Solomon employed the Edomite King's Highway in Transjordan (which was under his control), and that the actual site of the port is in the vicinity of present-day Akabah. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm

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Timna ... Click to View "The extraordinary variety and workmanship of the Midianite vessels found in the temple, as compared with the Midianite pottery from the other sites of Timna, is a clear indication that these sophisticated vessels were brought as votive gifts for the Hathor Temple. In the light of the finds of Midianite ... to `Atika'. Two camping sites with fourteenth to twelfth century pottery, can now be interpreted as stations on this road." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Click to View The cartouche discovered at Nahal Roded (above) has two images. Each image features a double feathered crown. It is exactly the same style of King Tutankhamun who lived about 75 years earlier in 1325 BC. Notice the ovals in the feathered crown represent the Sun God. Click to View Here is a photo of the travel route and spring located at Nahal Roded, just north of Elat. Click to View By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... ... It soon became apparent, however, that Negev ware was too common to serve this limited purpose. Moreover, lamps, cups and other vessels made of the same ware could not have been used as crucibles. Aharoni proposed that Negev ware had been ... "Negev" pottery cannot be used for dating purposes. On the contrary, it must be dated on the basis of wheel-made pottery found with it. The earliest Negev pottery has been dated in this way to about the 13th or 12th century B.C., the period of ... Thus far our excavations have yielded nothing earlier than the tenth century B.C.—the time of King Solomon. How can we explain this? First of all, the identification of the site is not absolutely certain. The strategic location of the ... Difficulty of site identification and absence of Exodus remains poses problem, Rudolph Cohen, Biblical Archeological Review, 7:03, May/Jun 1981) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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Dictionary of ancient pottery of the Bible Glossary of Pottery of the Bible Click to View Dictionary of ancient pottery of the Bible 1. Glossary of pottery of the Bible 2. Handbook of pottery of the Bible 3. Encyclopedia of pottery of the ... type and distribution; continuity and change in local cultures; the degree of isolation or contact with other cultures; the level of technology, social structure, stratification in particular, ... The vessel rests equally on each foot, in the manner of a tripod. Pointed base is a sharply curved base, the cone shape of which terminates in a single point. Vessels with these bases were normally ... It was, however, common among Crusader and medieval assemblages in Palestine and Syria. It was most widespread during the 13th century. Local and imported sgraflito ware was relatively rare in ... Descriptive of something made in the shape of an animal body. From: Ancient Pottery Of Transjordan, Ralph E. Hendrix, 1996 By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm

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Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... ... B.C. and attributes the sites to the time of Solomon, (1979), whereas Meshel dates the pottery to the 1lth to 10th century B.C. and associates the fortresses with "one of the kings who defeated the Edomites and Amalekites" (Meshel and Cohen ... el-Kheleifeh, it was seen that the pottery remains dated from the 10th to the 5th-4th centuries B.C. Frank had correctly adjudged them to be older than Roman. Among the surface finds that Frank mentions, in addition to some copper arrow heads, is "an inch high animal figure apparently cast in copper."" (Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1965 AD) "Copper slag was definitely found in the excavations, as well as remnants of copper implements and vessels. ... foundry and factory rooms. This industrial square was only one room thick. (The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, Nelson Glueck, 1940 AD) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm

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Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... ... The Lower Fortress had an elliptical ground plan, about 27 m in diameter, with casemate rooms around a central courtyard. In addition, several buildings and silos were found to the west of the fortress. Many types of pottery vessels were found in the ash covered floors of the casemate rooms (Cohen 1983, 1993a). The excavator ... The possible old-wood effect must be taken into consideration, but fine charcoal tends to be rather short-lived. If the old-wood effect is minimal, even the 12th century BCE is a reasonable option for the Lower Fortress at Tell el-Qudeirat in terms of its radiocarbon date. Considering all the different theories proposed ... the time of 1446 - 1406 BC. Kadesh Barnea is located at or near Petra. Click here to learn the true location of Kadesh Barnea! Chronological History of the search for Kadesh 2000 BC - 2009 AD The search for Kadesh Click to View By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... ... Stratum IX 8th century BC 10 Stratum X 9th century BC 4 + 7 Stratum XI 10th century BC 4 + 2 Stratum XII 12th -11th century BC 0 III. The ostraca are of five general categories: Personal letters (Arad Ostraca #40, #24, #88, #21, #26, #111) ... These are the Kittim of the Bible. The name comes from Kition, a city on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus where the population was mainly of Phoenician origin. The Kittim thus spoke a language closely akin to Hebrew, and could easily ... "Belonging to Hanan" (Arad Ostracon #92) "Belonging to Zadok" (Arad Ostracon #93) "Son of Ezer" (Arad Ostracon #51) "Malachi" (Arad Ostracon #97) Ink writing on fired storage pottery vessels to indicate either what is inside, or how much had been ... c. Outline on Zedekiah King of Judah (597-587 BC) Outline on Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judah (587 BC) What you read in the book you find in the ground! By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... ... We soon abandoned this idea when it became apparent how common this pottery was on contemporary sites in the Negeb, as well as in the Wadi Arabah and at Tell el-Kheleifeh. Many of these crude, handmade vessels, with which appeared more familiar types of Iron I and early Iron II wheelmade wares, some of which seemed to have regional ... carried on with Arabia as evidenced by Aramaic ostraca, including wine receipts.26 And goods were exchanged between both countries and Greece as indicated by fragments of 5th-4th century B.C. black glazed Greek pottery. Tell el-Kheleifeh was abandoned thereafter and the subsequent Nabataean settlement was located farther to the east at Aila, close to present day Aqabah. 26. BASOR, 80 (Dec., 1940), 6-9; Albright, BASOR, 82 (May, 1941), 11-15; for other ostraca from the site see Torrey, ibid., 15-16; Rosenthal, BASOR, 85 (Feb.. 1942), 8-9. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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Bible Prophecy Fulfilled ... Texts that were universally recognized as predicting a single, clearly defined future messianic event at the time they were written. These texts can be used a proof that the Bible is inspired. ... What Christians today call "Necessary Inference" is identical what first century Jews called "Midrashic interpretation". b. Midrashic hermeneutic is the term in the Bible and by Rabbinic Jews ... As Pharisaic legalism increased after AD 70, Rabbinical Midrash became increasingly mystical, imaginative and speculative in order to create new rules used by Jews today to maintain ritual purity, ... Some Christians today conclude that the act of divorce alone is permitted as a non-sinful action if you remain single the rest of your life. Paul's Midrashic interpretation comments on the ... Therefore many of them believed, along with a number of prominent Greek women and men." (Acts 17:11-12) By Steve Rudd 2020: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click Your Choice Go To Start: ... ... https://www.bible.ca/prophecy/welcome.htm

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Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... 'Meshel (1979: 17) classifies the central Negev for-tresses, excluding Tell el-Qudeirat and Horvat `Uza, according to size and topographical conformity. 4Cohen (1979: 77-78) dates the wheelmade vessels exclusively to the 10th century B.c. and ... London: Thames & Hudson. Rothenberg, B. and Glass, J. 1981 Midianite Pottery. Eretz Israel 15: 85-114. 1983 The Midianite Pottery. Pp. 65-124 in Midian, Moab and Edom: The History and Archae-ology of Late Bronze and Iron Age Jordan and North- ... Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 239: 1-18. Vogel, E. 1970 Bibliography of Nelson Glueck. Pp. 382-94 in Near Eastern Archaeology in the Twentieth Century: Essays in Honor of Nelson Glueck, ed. J. A. Sanders. Garden City, ... of Israelite Megiddo. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 32: 330. 1980 A Rejoinder. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 239: 19-23. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm

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The Fortresses at En Haseva Rudolph Cohen 1994 ... Casemate rooms in the wall of the central area of the Iron Age II fortress, Stratum 5. The walls of Iron II Haseva combined solid offset-inset with casemate wall construction. The walls enclosed the largest fort of the Negev, equal in size to the regional adminis-tration center Beersheva. Pottery vessels from the Iron Age II ... American Journal of Archaeol-ogy 91:319. Gray, J. 1970 1 & II Kings: A Commentary. 2nd ed. Old Testament Library Philadelphia: Westminster Press. Hammond, P.C. 1980 New Evidence for the Fourth Century CE. Destruction of Petra. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 238-65-67. Mayerson, P. 1986 The Saracens ... Journal 40:12-30. Ussishkin, D. and Woodhead, J. 1992 Excavations at Tel Jezree11990-1991: Preliminary Report. Tel Aviv 19:3-56. Yeivin, S. 1960 Did the Kingdoms of Israel have a Maritime Policy? Jewish Quarterly Review 50:193-228. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortress-at-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1994ad.htm

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Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... The workmanship remains characteristically crude, but decorative indentation is sometimes added around the rim. As previously noted, these handmade vessels predominate among the pottery finds of the earlier two fortresses, but their representation declines, in proportion to the wheel-made ware, ... This naturally implies that the ground plan of this original fortress was oval, like that of the nearby and contemporary stronghold of `Ain Qedeis. Quantities of pottery were found on the floors of the casemate rooms and basically confirm the 10th-century ascription. Kadesh-barnea remains a promising object of future exploration, and further data on the southern zone of ancient ... II: The Fosse Temple. Oxford: Oxford University. Woolley C. L, and Lawrence, T. E. 1914-15 The Wilderness of Zin. Palestine Exploration Fund Annual 3. London: Committee for Palestine Exploration Fund. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm

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Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev ... A. Bible verses that indicate fortresses: "Strong holds" There is evidence from the Bible that Israel built fortresses. Although the one's in Judges 6:2 are not likely the ... of the 5th century B.C.E. " (The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, M Dothan, 1965) "Dothan discovered no indication of different building phases during the time of the fortress's existence, but he recognized both pre- and post fortress settlement periods on the site. The pre fortress findings consisted of crude handmade pottery-mainly bowls, deep pots, and hole-mouth jars. Although these sherds could not be connected with wheel-made vessels or building ... The dilemma is solved if he had just read his Bible and learned the Exodus was in 1446 BC he would never had made the comments that the fortresses of the Negev could NOT ... King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 AD) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... ... As you know, we have in our homeland and in the great sea to the west very similar anchorages, and it is our custom to build a small protected harbor on the island so that in severe emergencies the most important vessels may be brought in from the anchorage. "A ... Phoenician Tyre was originally an offshore island upon which protective walls and jetties were constructed. The permanent causeway that now links the island to the mainland was constructed later by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C. Sidon is a ... wheel-made pottery he excavated; he did not realize this common wheel-made pottery was far more reliable for dating purposes than the handmade pottery he saved.) If Solomonic Eloth is not at Tell el-Kheleifeh, it probably lies buried somewhere beneath the sands of modern Eilat or Aqabah; but the site of Ezion-Geber is surely the island of Jezirat Faraun. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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A Note on an Inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud, Debra Chase 175, Kuntillet Ajrud: A Religious Centre from the Time of the Judaean Monarchy on the Border of Sinai, by Ze'ev Meshel. 1 In this monograph Meshel categorizes the inscriptions—those incised in stone vessels, those written on plaster and on pottery vessels, and letters on pottery—and offers transcriptions and translations. ... Atti•della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Memorie, Classe di Scienze morali, storiche e filologiche. Serie 8: 12/5. Cowley, A. 1923 Aramaic Papyri of the Fifth Century B.C. Oxford: Clarendon. Donner, H., and Rollig, W. 1962-64 Kanaanaische and aramdische Inschriften. 3 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. Dupont-Sommer, A. ... Schools of Oriental Research 235: 27-30. Pardee, D. 1978 Letters from Tel Arad. Ugarit-Forschungen 10: 289-336. Singer, S. 1976 Cache of Hebrew and Phoenician Inscriptions Found in the Desert. Biblical Archaeology Review 2: 33-34. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-inscription-from-kuntillet-ajrud-debra-chase-1982ad.htm

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Security of Bulla and Seals Judah Israel. Creation of ancient ... ... The sign which also seems to have been worn by the prophets was put, according to 1 Kings 20:38*, 41* על עינים, and according to Zech 13:6* בין ידים. We may also question whether there were not, in the priestly atonement ritual ... When ancient cities were conquered, they were generally put to the torch. The intense heat would destroy most of the city, but the clay bullae would be fired like pottery, making them virtually indestructible. This "foresight" and ... Older Than Dead Sea Scrolls," BAR 04:01, by Paul Lapp), the official documents, written during the second half of the fourth century B.C. (350-300 B.C.), are in the Aramaic script and language, as we might expect of legal-administrative texts. ... many people in the Bible through fired clay bulla and seal stones. 3. What you read in the book you find in the ground! Ring seal of Holy Spirit Outline By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-bulla-seals-security-creation-manufacture-of-ancient-legal-documents-sealed-papyrus-paper-rolled-folded-tied-string-knots-rosa-Terra-Rossa-clay-soil-israel-judah.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... ... Yigael Yadin notes that in the Mishna (a second century A.D. compilation of what was previously oral law) the use of letters on vessels is explained: "If a vessel was found on which is written a qof, it is qorban (offering); if a mem, it is ma'aser (tithed); if a dalet, it is demai (tithing is uncertain); if a tet, it is tebel (untithed); if a taw, it is terumah (heave-offering)." The vessels from Masada date about 800 years later than the storage jars at Kuntillet Ajrud and the ... It is tantalizing to try to date Kuntillet Ajrud, to pinpoint in whose reign this religious center was established. The pottery and the form of the script suggests the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 8th centuries. But to be more ... names from the North. Perhaps in the Phoenician inscriptions they left behind, these Phoenician travelers left evidence of their respite at Kuntillet By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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(The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... ... However, as similar hand-made vessels subse-quently began to appear at other Iron Age sites, especially in the Central Negev and Timna-Eilat area, it became clear that they were ordinary household vessels (Glueck 1959a: 12). Aharoni proposed ... The Singular Case of Kadesh-Barnea The earliest of Kadesh-barnea's three successive fortresses is 10th century B.C. in date and presumably belongs to the above-discussed fortress network. However, while most of the other fortresses demolished ... Palastinajahrbuch 27: 75-84. 1958 The Negeb of Judah. Israel Exploration Journal8: Cohen, R. 26-38. 1966a Sede Boger Area. Hadashot Arkheologiyot 17: 1962 The Iron Age Pottery of the Timna` and 'Amran 30-31 (Hebrew). Area. Palestine ... Fund Annual 3. London: Palestine Exploration Fund. Yadin, Y. 1958 Solomon's City Wall and Gate at Gezer. Israel Exploration Journal 8: 80-86. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm

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enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... ... Stratum VIII. This stratum is characterized by the reuse of many of the pits, but is also witness to the first stone-built dwelling, apparently of thefour-room house type, constructed near the well. There is an increase in the number of hand-burnished vessels, which dates this ... The square fort and open villages are another example of the type of settlement prevailing in the second half of the 10th century B.C. The drastic change in the layout and nature of the site in Stratum I can best be explained by assuming that this stratum was founded by an entirely different ethnic group. BIBLIOGRAPHY Aharoni, M. 1981 The Pottery of Strata 12-11 of the Iron Age Citadel at Arad. Eretz-Israel (Aharoni ... Archaeology in the Negeb and the Aravah. Ramat Gan (Hebrew). 1972 Timna. London: Thames and Hudson. Yadin, Y. 1970 Megiddo of the Kings of Israel. The Biblical Archaeologist 33: 66-96. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: Elim (Nabatean Leuke Kome, Onne, Aynuna) ... A reference by Marcianus may extend the occupation until ad 400 (Ward 2002: 115). Surface pottery from Aynuna included Nabataean wares (Ingraham et al. 1981: pls 82, 86), but no Egyptian or Eastern ones can be identified from the literature. ... It holds the position of a market-town for the small vessels sent there from Arabia; and so a centurion is stationed there as a collector of one-fourth of the merchandise imported, with an armed force, as a garrison. 20. Directly below this ... the Peri plus above clearly indicates that trade continued to pass through Leuke Kome in the middle of the first century A.D., the time that the Periplus was written." (The Customs-Officer at the Nabataean Port of Leuke Kome, Periplus ... route from Marah to Alush. Click to View Marah and Elim which are both in the wilderness of Shur. Distances are indicated from each stop. Click to View By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-elim.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... Baja III: Baja III revealed an assemblage of hard and coarse ware, mostly cooking pots, bag-shaped jars and large storage jars. The colour varies from light buff to pink; fragments of larger vessels show a grey core. The temper is usually of ... Its pottery is mostly homogeneous and shows no indications of a typological development based on vertical stratigraphy (Bienkowski 1990:101). Bienkowski subdivided five phases, which revealed Iron II pottery, probably from the 7th-6th century ... Therefore, regional control seems to be a possible function of the sites. Whether they had more functions is uncertain at the moment. Based only on the pottery assemblage gathered from short surveys and the situation of the sites, any ... some degree redress the problem of assessing the quality of site recovery rather than continually attempting to maximize the quantity of sites recorded. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ... ... There are however a significant number of other pieces which add clarity to the assemblage, including imported wares, which include a significant number of 'Midianite' monochrome and bichrome painted vessels and Cypro-Phoenician Black on Red ware. The 'Midianite' pottery ... Figure 6 Selection of 'Midianite' pottery from Areas A (1-4, 6-8) and S (5, 7, 7), Khirbat en-Nahas. The presence of 'Midianite' and Qurayah ware pottery found in both the gate and four-room building taken together with the Walking Sphinx scarab may be an indication of activities at Khirbat en-Nahas as early as the twelfth century BC. Discussion The excavations at Khirbat en-Nahas, the largest Iron Age copper ... E. BARD, J.W. BECK, G.S. BURR, K.A. HUGHEN, B. KROMER, G. MCCORMAC, J.V.D. PLICHT & M. SPURK. 1998. INTCAL 98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24 000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 40: 1041-83. 879 By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm

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Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... ... This small number of burials and the large number of chambers, coupled with the large population evidences that they were not a form of ancient burial loculi found in first century tombs. 2. "Sub-Floor Systems: One reason for choosing this ... a burial area and large numbers of associated material including thousands of lithic artifacts, some stone vessels, grinding stones, bracelets, beads, mother-of-pearl ornaments, bone tools, carbonized seeds, charcoal and many animal bones. ... identifiable specimens present: I.e. of all bones, what percentage were pig, etc. 3. MNI = Minimum number of Individuals. Whole animal count: Body count of whole animal represented before death. 4. PPN = Pre-pottery Neolithic Sources: Kh. ... ages. If the Hebrews did occupy Beidha and Basta, it would explain a number of unique features of a unique population in a unique period of history. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm

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Coins of the Bible: Shekel of Tyre. official temple sanctuary ... ... The Roman mint in Antioch started to strike inferior coinage as from the mid-fifties of the first century C.E. These were tetradrachms that are termed "Neronian selaim" in the Jewish sources. A well-known law of economics (Gresham' s Law) ... The reason for this is the special situation that was created in Jerusalem when two monetary systems became established. One of them was connected with holy payments to the Temple, that was based on the purity of the Tyrian shekels. The other, ... 19:1-4) 10. Matthew connects Jeremiah with the story of Judas by connecting the potter of Jeremiah 19:1-13 with the potter of Zechariah 11:12-13. Obviously Jeremiah broke the pottery vessel at the very spot where Judas was buried. How amazing! ... changers: Jesus overturned tables twice. Mt 17:27 Peter's coin out of the fish's mouth Mt 21:12 30 silver coins Judas was paid to betray Jesus Mt 26:15 By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Phoenician-Tyre-Tyrian-Shekel-official-sancturary-Temple-tax-Peters-fish-money-changers-Judas-30-silver-pieces.htm

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The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... ... The Lower Fortress had an elliptical ground plan, about 27 m in diameter, with casemate rooms around a central courtyard. In addition, several buildings and silos were found to the west of the fortress. Many types of pottery vessels were found ... The location of the fortress is indicated by the white elliptical line. The view is WSW towards the Zin Canyon and Avdat. The anthropogenic layer yielded small Iron Age pottery sherds, small animal bones, charcoal flecks, as well as some ... The possible old-wood effect must be taken into consideration, but fine charcoal tends to be rather short-lived. If the old-wood effect is minimal, even the 12th century BCE is a reasonable option for the Lower Fortress at Tell el-Qudeirat in ... Nijkerk: Stichting Midhar Foundation). -(2003) Man and Landscape in the Negev Highlands: Runoff Systems. Horizons in Geography 57-58: 146-58 (Hebrew). By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and burned animal bones (sheep, goats, cattle, and doves), the coins from the Persian period, and ... Although the scroll gives the appearance of "great antiquity"31 and the scribal notation dates the scroll to 1065 c.e., a significant portion of modern research dates the scroll to no earlier than the middle of the twelfth century c.e. Even if it cannot be attributed to the great-grandson ... Ezra's Text (XIV) 282 BC Septuagint (LXX) 160 AD Masoretic (MT) Research Tools OT Textual Variants Messianic expectation 300 OT quotes in NT Canon of the Bible Chronology Charts Seder Olam Rabbah Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Bible ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ... ... were mainly several sherds of small melting bowls and two pieces of copper ingots, first thought by the excavators to have come from Feinan and now be-lieved to have originated in melted down vessels (Kempinski, personal communication). ... The finds at the nearby Nabataean site, which included, besides the species found here, a pig's mandibula and two camel phalanx II, also included no wild animals' bones. REFERENCES Aharoni, M. 1981 The Pottery of Strata 12-11 of the Iron Age ... Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 259: 33-43. Eitam, D. 1988 The Settlement of Nomadic Tribes in the Negeb Highlands During the 11th Century B.C. Pp. 313-40 in Society and Economy in the Eastern Mediterranean (c. 1500-1000 ... Palestine Exploration Quarterly 106: 103-18; 107: 3-21. Rothenberg, B. 1967 Negev, Archaeology in the Negev and the Arabah. Ramat-Gan: Massada (Hebrew). By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... 4:25)?" (Bible and Spade, 2013 AD) d. "Where Is Mount Sinai In Arabia?" (Bible and Spade, 2015 AD) 3. Using Herodotus, Gordon Franz correctly identified the ... Archaeological excavations have found the same architecture (Crow-stepped, stone cut tombs) and assemblages (pottery) at Leuke Kome, Al Bad and Mt. Lawz/Maqnah as ... After AD 50 the city reverted into Egyptian control. This is a significant oversite by Beitzel. 3. Barry J. Beitzel comments: a. "Arabia (VI) = Arabia Petraea = ... Hermon], and Arabia (IX) [after AD 107] was not created until the early second Christian century. But this still leaves (VI) [Petra], (VII) [Felix], and (VIII) ... Buto was one of several key towns in which the Egyptians performed ritual sacrifices (2.58.1-60.3; 63.1). Buto, Pithom and Rhinocolura were not Arabia, but towns ... unworkable, or at a minimum, admitted the nilometers refute his thesis. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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Quattuordecim (XIV): Ezra Translated the Paleo-Hebrew manuscripts ... ... at the time of the Babylonian Captivity 587 BC. We do know that Nebuchadnezzar did remove the holy vessels of gold and silver and put them into a store house. ... 2. Later Jewish tradition (225 AD) of Torah Reading in Captivity (605-536 BC) contradicts the idea that Ezra under inspiration restored the Bible scrolls: a. ... times, where it existed side by side with a re-emerging sacrificial ritual, but always looming greater in significance than the cultus. The greatest moment for the re-emergence of the Torah as the focal point in Jewish life, occurred about a century after the return to Judah during the time of Ezra. ... For example, the New Chronicle contains interesting comments concerning some of the Hebrew prophets and the books that bear their names as well as an account of ... Canon of the Bible Chronology Charts Seder Olam Rabbah Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: November 2017: Contact the author for comments, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Quattuordecim-Ezra-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Paleo-Hebrew-Masoretic-Aramaic-square-corrupted-deliberate-anti-Samaritan-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Joshuas-Altar-458BC.htm

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The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) Bible manuscript: Oldest and only ... ... However, they share linguistic corrections, harmonizations in minutiae, and various readings with SP." (The Israelite Samaritan version of the Torah: First ... Beyond that a cosmic eschatology has been added." (The New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, Volume 5, Page 81, 2009 AD) c. "A useful guide to the nature ... In the anonymous, eleventh century work, the Asatir, the duration of the world is said to be six thousand years. The Pitron, a fifteenth century commentary on the Asatir, comments on this number ... Mt Gerizim will be liberated from foreign occupation and will regain its cultic purity. The goal of all of that is peace for the whole world and the ... A man rises and speaks lies to the Samaritans, claiming to be "the coming one", a prophet and will show them the original sacred vessels of Moses. d. Unnamed ... Canon of the Bible Chronology Charts Seder Olam Rabbah Steve Rudd, November 2017 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Paleo-Hebrew-1362AD.htm

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Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... Land of Israel Studies Department University of Haifa Mt. Carmel, Haifa, Israel Website note: Raz Kletter is a modernist, Bible trashing archeologist who makes these statements in this document: ... southern coastal plain (ca. 8 per-cent); only 7 (3.5 percent) were found in northern Israel and 3 (1.5 percent) in Transjordan, most prob-ably brought there through trade or other sporadic contact. ... A rosette is found on a har-ness of a horse brought by the Medians to the Assyrian king (Amiet 1980: fig. 118). Most important, rosettes appear on Assyrian seal impressions of the seventh century ... A rosette is inscribed on the base of an inscribed Beqa` weight (Barkay 1978: 213, fig. 1: 3, pl. 33e-g); others appear on pottery vessels (Prit-chard 1961: pl. 46:258; Shiloh 1984: 14, 18). It thus seems ... Later Periods. 4 vols. in 3. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... Gerizim. i. As witnessed by Dead Sea Scroll, 4QDeuteronomyf Frag. 32-35, the text of the Paleo Hebrew bible at Deuteronomy 27:4 in 465 BC indeed says that Joshua built an altar on Mt. Gerizim. ... It began to grow in the Hellenistic period, and eventually, i.e., in the second century B.C.E., reached a size of 800 × 500 m, becoming the main city of the Samaritans. It is now certain that ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and burned ... Eusebius, Jerome and the creators of the Madaba map were fully aware of the two traditions and chose to represent both on the map. Click to View Herbert Donner comments on this: "The mountains ... See also: Full outline on Joshua's altar on Mt. Gerizim NOT Mt. Ebal See also: The Samaritan Pentateuch By Steve Rudd 2006 AD: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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147:

Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... He carried out from there all the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of the Lord, just as the Lord had said. ... down to 70 AD. Gedaliah is the only governor of Judea we know about until the Persian age that began in 333 BC. During the Persian era we know the names of 8 governors of Judah including their several bullae, pottery handle stamps and coins! ... Occupied from about 3000 B.C. to nearly 500 B.C., the site has been linked with the Ammonite king Baalis (Jeremiah 40:14) and with Pharaoh Thutmose III (1479-1425 B.C.). In past seasons, excavators have found an early sixth-century B.C. bulla ... Gedaliah outline Ishmael outline Baalis outline Milkom outline Jaazaniah outline Miamen outline The reading of the text matches the archeology in the ground By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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148:

Absalom's insurrection, Rape of Tamar, Satan child: 990-979 BC ... ... Symbolic ceremonies may sometimes have been included as part of the betrothal or wedding ceremonies, such as Ruth's request that Boaz spread his skirt over her to indicate that he was taking her to wife (Ru 3:9). Another ritual may have been ... In the Kidron Valley in full view of the City of David and the Temple, stands the monument below which is viewed by some as being the very monument Absalom built. This is impossible because it dates from the first century BC. c. Josephus says, ... even though you knew all this, but you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven; and they have brought the vessels of His house before you, and you and your nobles, your wives and your concubines have been drinking wine from them; ... holy to God, but completely out of touch with society in general and completely useless to discharge the great commission to evangelize a sinful world. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-2samuel13-22-tamars-rape-absaloms-mutiny-984-973bc.htm

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149:

Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... Here is a phot of the ultra rare "Gamla coin" of unknown denomination. c. 73 AD 960 Jews at Masada: Then on Monday 12th April AD 73, 960 Jews committed suicide at Masada. The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada ... the armed men, and seven friends of Zedekiah, and his scribe, and sixty other rulers; all whom, together with the vessels they had pillaged, he carried to the king of Babylon to Riblah, a city of Syria. (150) So the king commanded the ... Intro 4: Moses' Sunset Clause & the extinction of Judaism Intro 5: The role of Archeology in understanding Revelation Intro 6: "Days of Messiah" 1st century Jewish eschatology Intro 7: Why Revelation was written to 7 churches in Asia, not ... years Full-Preterism Refuted Full-Preterism Examined and Refuted By Steven Rudd, Feb 2018: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections By Steve Rudd 2018: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click Your Choice Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-Commentary-Josephus-Chronology-Destruction-Jerusalem-First-Jewish-War-70AD.htm

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150:

Criminals, rapists, murderers freed from jail by Psychiatrists ... ... In this he anticipated much of Lombroso's work at the end of the century as well as the concept of irresistible impulse and diminished responsibility." (300 years of Psychiatry, Richard Hunter, 1963, p 711) (The Physiognomical ... the model may help us to understand what human beings are about. (I wonder, for example, whether the ritual aspects of many psychotic illnesses-e.g., hebephrenic schizophrenia-could be the result of hyperactivity of ... Heinroth believed insanity was caused by sin, life choices and circumstances, and Rush believed insanity was caused by bloated blood vessels in the brain. Both believed that lying, for example, was a correctable sin where the ... of the Mind, Thomas Szasz, 1996 AD, p 94) There is no "get out of judgement" card for sinners at the second coming. Click to View By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Send us your story about your experience with modern Psychiatry Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-harms-damages-society-mental-insanity-plea-defense.htm

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