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Historical overview of Psychiatry: 1550 BC - 2010 AD Biopsychiatrists love to quote the papyrus as proof that the Egyptians believed depression was caused by bodily diseases. But this is simply untrue. In fact the opposite is true. The Egyptians understood that anger and sadness caused body diseases in the heart. The papyrus reads: "When his Heart is afflicted and has tasted sadness, behold his Heart is closed in and darkness is in his body because of anger which is eating up his Heart." (The Egyptian Medical Ebers Papyrus: 1550 BC) Jumping ... advice of John Monro, the British Government passed a law that allowed a person to be committed to Bedlam with a single doctor's medical certificate, and suddenly for the first time, church preachers were stripped of any official role in the process. ... Lukes asylum, was caustically hostile to Christianity and religion in general, like modern chemical psychiatry today. His A Treatise on Madness, never mentions the words: soul, spirit, God, Jesus. The only time Christianity is brought into the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-history-overview.htm

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In Darkest England and the Way Out, William Booth 1890 AD ... In the course of a few weeks, he professed conversion, and gave every evidence of the change. For four months he was cook and baker in the kitchen, and at last a situation as second hand was offered for him, with the [sic] J. S. Sergeant-major of the ... the stern, unbending obedience which was enforced in all ranks from the highest to the lowest, which created for Napoleon the admirable military instrument by which he shattered every throne in Europe and swept in triumph from Paris to Moscow. ... He marched his army to Magdala, brought back the prisoners, and left King Theodore dead. The cost of that expedition was over nine millions sterling. The Egyptian Campaign, that smashed Arabi, cost nearly five millions. The rush to Khartoum, that ... Our Officer in Melbourne has an official position which opens to him almost every State institution and all the haunts of vice where it may be necessary for him to make his way in the search for girls that have been decoyed from home or who have ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/in-darkest-england-and-the-way-out-william-booth-1890ad.htm

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"Seventh-day Adventism Renounced" by D. M. Canright, 1914 ... Of course they do, and who can fail to admit it? Under the official jurisdiction of Jesus the Lord, come of necessity all the institutions now obligatory. Hence Lord's Day is Christ's Day, and that is the way it is always used in the early fathers as ... Only a few verses before he has quoted five of the ten commandments, Chap. 13:9, showing that he included the days of the decalogue. It does not avail to say that Paul means only the annual Sabbaths because he mentions eating meat and herbs. I have ... Ex. 20:2. To whom is that applicable? Only to the Jewish nation. Neither angels, Adam, nor Gentile Christians were ever in Egyptian bondage. Then this law is not addressed to them. To whom was the law given. Let Paul answer. "Who are Israelites; to ... Thus all agree, that "under the law" means subject to its authority. But we are not under the law, not under its anthority. Read a few texts as to its meaning. "Edom revolted from under the hand of Judah." 2 Kings 8:20. "Israel went out from under ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/7-Seventh-day-Adventism-RENOUNCED-by-D-M-Canright.htm

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Textbook of Disturbances of Mental Life, Johann Christian August ... ... He lived one hundred years before Galen, and in the preface to his treatise, written in the classical Roman spirit, he stated that medicine is an art which is only a few hundred years old and mentions Hippocrates, Herophilus, Erasistratus, and ... The Jews had become familiar with the art and practice of Egyptian, Chaldean, and Persian sorcerers and magicians from the earliest times, with the result that already in the first centuries of the Christian Era, the occult sciences of magic - mixed ... Many examples are given by Arnold and his followers. One is that of a Russian merchant by the name of Pankiwiez (Bonnet, Med. septentr.) who was King of Poland, Emperor of Moscow, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Russia, Prussia, Masuria, etc. These are the ... B. For advanced age: everything concerning the security of life, existence and possessions, such as: riches, status, family, respect shown by others, official recognition, etc. § 352. Third Genus: Modes of Treatment with Reference to Constitution ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/textbook-of-disturbances-of-mental-life-or-the-disturbances-of-the-soul-and-their-treatment-johann-christian-august-heinroth-1818ad.htm

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El-Lahun Berlin Museum Papyrus 10012 Heliacal rising of Sirius ... BM 10012 El-Lahun Berlin Museum Papyrus 10012a,b 12th Dynasty, Year 7 of Pharaoh Sesostris III Heliacal rising of Sirius (Sobek) Egyptian Chronology: 1830 BC Click to View Digging up Bible stories! One of the most important documents for Egyptian chronology ever discovered because it connects the Year 7 of Pharaoh Sesostris III with the heliacal rising of Sirius. Egyptian chronology is lost without the Bible and we are able to align the 12th dynasty pharaohs to the story of Joseph in Egypt. BM ... Lines 1-3 1. "Year 7, 4th month of the Peret season, the 17th day 2. celebration for the arising of Sopdet (Sirus) 3. annual rate: preparation of 200 loaves and 60 jugs of beer" II. Discussion regarding Egyptian Low chronology vs High chronology: Egyptian Chronology of the 12th Dynasty Pharaohs High Chronology: 1979-1801 (R. A. Parker, D. Petrovich) Low Chronology: 1937-1759 (High - 42 years) K. A. Kitchen, O. Keel) Amenemhat I (29) 1979-1950 1937-1908 Sesostris I (44) 1960-1916 1918-1874 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-Lahun-Berlin-Museum-Papyrus-10012ab-Egypt-heliacal-rising-of-Sirius-Sobek-year-7-Sesostris-III-chronology-1899AD-Ludwig-Borchardt-1830BC.htm

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Timna ... Also, the fortress at Elat/Kheleifeh would better serve to protect Timna. Click to View The entire modern Sinai Peninsula right over to the Wadi el-Arish down to and including Timna was under Egyptian control at the time of the Exodus: "Although there is sufficient evidence in Egyptian sources for Ramesside military campaigns in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) The ... the finds on the island confirmed once more the dates previously proposed, including the existence of fourteenth to twelfth century BC Negev and Midianite ware." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) The Papyrus Harris I, dates from the Ramesses III and proves there was a huge mining operation at Timna in 1250 BC. The papyrus describes how asses were used to transport the copper from Timna to the sea port of Jezirat Faraun, then shipped to Egypt by "galleys" (ships). ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm

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The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck This civilization, destroyed about 1900 B.C., never again recovered from the blow, as a long line of ancient sites testify, most of which were never again occupied, or at least riot until after the lapse of approximately 600 years. In the interval, particularly in the areas later designated as Moab and Edom, sedentary civilization of the Middle Bronze and Late Bronze periods, extending between the 20th and 14th centuries B.C., did not flourish, as it did to a larger degree in northern Transjordan, in the Jordan Valley and particularly in Cis jordan. It is significant in this connection, that neither the Egyptian lists of towns nor the Tell el-Amarna tablets refer to Eastern Palestine in the period extending from the 20th to the 14th centuries B. C. Edom and Seir are first mentioned in the records of Mernepthah ( cir. 1235-1227 B.C.) and Ramses III ( cir. 1198-1167 B.C. ). It may further be mentioned in this connection, that there are no archaeological traces of Horites in either the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm

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Kadesh Barnea Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol 29, No 1, 1910 ... "Edward Robinson, (Biblical Researches, 2 ed, 1856, ii. 175, 194) on his visit to 'Ain el Webeh, June 2,1888, was so strongly impressed with this most important watering place in the Arabah that he identified it with Kadesh Barnes. His description of it was quite accurate. On the assumption that "Mount Seir" and "the land of Edom" had the 'Arabah for its western border, and that all Biblical statements are equally reliable and must at any price be harmonized, he could scarcely reach a different ... Bapvn is not added in 1 9. It is not safe, therefore, to assume that the author, who apparently used the names in vogue at his own time (cf. Beravn), referred to a place actually called Kadesh Barnea. No Christian name list, or other document from the Byzantine period, mentions it. The part of the Madeba map where it would be naturally looked for is missing. According to William of Tyree and the fiesta _Dd. per Irancos,3 Amalric I went "even to Kadesh Barnea which is in the desert," ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-nathan-schmidt-kadesh-barnea-journal-of-biblical-literature-vol-29-no-1-1910ad.htm

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Mt. Hor, Moserah: Aaron's Mountain (Jebel Haroun) at Petra Burial place of Aaron during the Exodus Click to View Introduction: Mt. Hor was only "one stop" from Kadesh: Numbers 20:22 Both Kadesh and Mt. Hor were on the border of Edom: Numbers 33:37 Josephus and Eusebius that "Jebel Haroun" at Petra was Mt. Hor. Jebel Haroun: Literally, "the Mountain of Aaron" When John Lewis Burckhardt discovered Petra in 1812 AD, he began to hear local Bedouin tales of a magnificent city carved ages ago out of solid rock by magicians working for the Egyptian pharaoh. The city was located in the vicinity of the Tomb of Aaron and a valley called the River of Moses A. History of the search for Mt. Hor: The little white dome ... Hor at Jebel Madharah just north of Kadess, he write this about Mt. Hor at Petra: "Jebel Haroun is located about three miles west of Petra, and is one of the most conspicuous peaks in the Mt. Seir range. It rises precipitously from the arid plain of the `Arabah to a height of 4,500 feet. Seven hours are required to ascend it. The rocks are ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-mt-hor-jebel-haroun.htm

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Stele, inscriptions, manuscripts, scrolls, codex, New Testament ... Babylonian furnace of fire tablet Origin of the Philistines from Crete 1. Egyptian Reliefs at the mortuary temple of Medinet Habu in Thebes of Rameses III that document the world uprising of the Philistines in 1177 BC. 2. Sling stones excavated in Israel 3. Philistine Pentapolis at the time of Moses Full outline on the Origin of ... Archeology of the Exodus HEBREW: THE WORLD'S OLDEST ALPHABET The Four Hebrew Alphabet Scripts: Hebrew is the world's oldest alphabet from which English is derived. Its official! The world's first authentic inscription that names Moses of the Exodus! Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad II, king of Aram: 860-841 BC Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad ... Hazael, Ben Hadad III Stele of Zakkur, king of Hamath A war between Hamath and Ben-Hadat III (Mari), son of Hazael, and a coalition of 17 kings. Zakkur monument 28 Elephantine Papyrus letters Persian letters Dating to 471-410 BC 3 featured Elephantine papyrus 1. Temple of YHWH burned (Sanballat, Bagohi Governor) 2. Document of ... ... https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/welcome.htm

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The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating: Archaeology, Text and Science ... ... Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar 14: 7-18. Epigraphic Survey (1936-86) Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak (Chicago: Oriental Institute). Hornung, E. (1965) Die Sonnenfinsternis nach dem Tode Psammetichs I. Zeitschrift fur Aegypt sche Sprache 92: 38-39. Kitchen, K.A. (1986) The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 2nd edn). -(1991) The Chronology of Ancient Egypt. World Archaeology 23: 201-208. Mackey, D.F. (1993) The Sothic Star Theory of the Egyptian Calendar (unpublished thesis, University of Sydney). Manetho (1940 edn) Aegyptiaca (trans. W.G. Waddell; London: Loeb Classical Library). typical half of )rthern ..en the ive this house (Strata and in differ-lly but exca-lower n A4 is ictivity :arbon 15354, 25321 ions of GrA-I with tion of 10 Lowland Edom and the High and Low Chronologies Edomite state formation, the Bible and recent archaeological research in southern Jordan Thomas E. Levy, Mohammad Najjar, Johannes van der Plicht, Neil Smith, Hendrik J. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-bible-and-radiocarbon-dating-archaeology-text-and-science-thomas-e-levy-thomas-higham-2005ad.htm

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Bulla of Jucal son of Shelemyahu son of Shovi: Bible Clay Bulla ... made to seal papyrus Forgeries: Known fake bullae and seals Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Encyclopedia of Bullae and Seals of Judea and Israel Bulla "belonging to Jucal son of Shelemyahu son of Shovi" Introduction: 1. Two of the most important archeological finds from two different official ... In Yigal Shiloh's excavation in the 1980s, adjacent to our site, he found 45 bullae in the destruction layer of one of the rooms. But none of the bullae Shiloh excavated mentions the grandfather, only the father." (Did I Find King David's Palace?, Eilat Mazar, BAR, 2012) II. Lachish Ostracon #9: Shelemiah: Ostracon number nine was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Jucal-Yehuchal-Jehucal-son-of-Shelemiah-son-of-ben-Shovi-Jer-38-1-589bc.htm

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The True Mount Hor, Jebel Maderah. George L. Robinson, The Biblical ... II, pp. 243, 244) that "travelers who have visited both locations have little hesitation in affirming that this peak in Edom (Jebel Nebi Haroun) more perfectly fulfils all the requirements of the Bible narrative," has no basis whatever in fact. Their own state-ment, indeed, that Jebel Nebi Haroun is a "peak in Edom," is in itself a sufficient refutation of this conclusion. 86 THE TRUE MOUNT HOR PROFESSOR GEORGE L. ROBINSON, D.D. McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, Ill. Aside from tradition there is little reason for identifying the mountain on which Aaron died and was buried with that peak of the Mt. Seir range near Petra known as Jebel ... A possible link between Jebel Maderah and Mt. Hor is the name Moserah, which in Deut. Io:6 is said to have been the place where Aaron died and was buried. Moseroth also, the plural of the same _2 Al-Homadani mentions such a town as flourishing as late as his own time, three hundred years after the Hegira. THE TRUE MOUNT HOR 95 word, occurs in the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-true-mount-hor-the-biblical-world-george-l-robinson-1908ad.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... Letter 2: Arad Ostracon #24 Letter from Zedekiah: "Send troops or be executed" The story told by Ostraca #40 and 24: 1. Edomite history: At age 30, Esau moves from Judah to Seir, conquers the Horites in 1926 BC and begins to occupy their historic Transjordan territory east of the Arabah valley in the highlands of modern Jordan. ... During the final 587 BC Babylonian attack on Judah many Jews fled for their lives and were captured and killed by the Edomites at the crossroads near the Arad, Kinah, Ramah Negev and Moladah fortresses. "To Edom: Do not stand at the fork of the road To cut down their fugitives; And do not imprison their survivors In the day of ... What you read in the Bible, you find in the ground! Arad and Ramah-Negev Ostraca collection 609, 597 BC Arad Letters Excavated 1962-1967 AD from an official archeological dig, these ostraca were the written records of communications between Jerusalem and the city of Arad and the king in Jerusalem at the time Nebuchadnezzar attacked ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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The historical territory of the Amorites in the Bible ... Judges 1:34-36 recounts places where Israel failed to drive out the Amorites within the promised land. The narrative begins in the tribe of Dan, an area just north west of Jerusalem and how the Amorites occupied key areas within Dan's inheritance. It mentions two towns of Aijalon and Shaalbim whose location we can generally identify. The narrative then gives the border of the Amorites starting from the "Arabah Valley and upward". see map above. It is important to note a few ... In a kind of domino effect one nation displaced another when Israel entered the promised land under Joshua. Rueben displaced the Amorites from their stronghold and they moved south of the Arnon river and co-existed beside the Moabites. The Edomites were in turn, probably forced south into their historic stronghold area at Mt. Seir, just north east of the Red Sea. Edom remained transjordan from the time of the Exodus. It was not until the Babylonian captivity did Edom first move into the land of Judah. When Israel ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-amorites.htm

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Bulla of Gedaliah son of Pashhur: Bible Clay Bulla and seals ... "Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!!" Encyclopedia of Bullae and Seals: The Exhibit: On-line Museum of Bulla and seals Security: How bullae are made to seal papyrus Forgeries: Known fake bullae and seals Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical ... Jucal son of Shelemyahu son of Shovi Gedaliah son of Pashhur 1. Of all the seals featured on this page, these two are the most important because they were found in situ during and official archeological dig and were therefore fully documented and provenanced. 2. In one of the most spectacular archeological finds, Eilat Mazar found ... In Yigal Shiloh's excavation in the 1980s, adjacent to our site, he found 45 bullae in the destruction layer of one of the rooms. But none of the bullae Shiloh excavated mentions the grandfather, only the father." (Did I Find King David's Palace?, Eilat Mazar, BAR, 2012) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Gedaliah-son-of-Pashhur-Jer-38-1-589bc.htm

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Coins of Hezekiah Persian Governor of Judea: 350-333BC There are numerous well-known seal impressions on handles of jars from the Persian period, which feature not only the name "YHWD" but also the personal names of the province's Jewish satraps." "YHWD" (or "YHD" in unvowelled script) was then undoubtedly the official title of Judah under Persian rule, but it can even be considered to have applied not only to the province itself but also to its capital city, Jerusalem. 2 Chron. 25:28 relates the following about the burial ... Zerubbabel was the first pehah of Judah in this period (Haggai 2:21), and even the Persian governor of the entire satrapy on the western side of the Euphrates was called "the governor on this side of the river" (Neh. 3:7). An Elephantine papyrus from the end of the fifth century B.C.E. mentions "Bagohi the satrap of Judah" and his contemporary "Sanballat satrap of Samaria.'53 Among the finds from Wadi Daliyeh, this title is mentioned on a bulla of Sanballat (the last governor of Samaria during the Persian period) and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-Yehezqiyah-Hezekiah-governor-judea-350-333BC.htm

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The Exodus Route: Goshen and Ramses ... These Jerusalem Temple approved scholars were the ones who anachronistically updated the ancient Hebrew place-names to reflect their current name. They updated 4 Bible verses that are helpful for us today in understanding the Exodus Route. Lake Goshen, also known in Egyptian inscriptions (Papyrus Anastasi VI:4) as Lakes of Pithom and was located in the Wadi Tumilat, as was the city of Goshen (Heroonpolis = Tell el-Maskhuta) and Pithom (Tell el-Retaba), all of which were inside the land of Goshen. During ... It is highly possible that this is the first material evidence of Israelites in Egypt. It is the right culture in the right place at the right time. Not all residents of the first Asiatic settlement at Tell el-Dab'a lived in huts. One of them, evidently an important official, lived in a small villa. The Bible tells us that Joseph became a high official after he correctly interpreted Pharaoh's dreams (Gn 41:39-45). We are not told where Joseph lived while serving in the Egyptian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen.htm

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Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev Having examined most of the archeological data, it is clear that these fortresses were indeed built by Solomon in 950 BC. This study focuses only on the outmost ring of these fortresses in an effort to map the border of Israel at the time of Solomon. Israel's borders with Egypt at Wadi El Arish and Edom at the Arabah valley are noted. These 50 military fortresses were dotted throughout the Negev, and end at the Egyptian border and the southern Arabah valley. By simply plotting the locations of these fortresses, we can therefore determine where the ... The dilemma is solved if he had just read his Bible and learned the Exodus was in 1446 BC he would never had made the comments that the fortresses of the Negev could NOT be of Israelite origin. Rothenberg makes his final blunder in suggesting that Hezekiah wiped out the Amalekites in the Negev based upon 1 Chronicles 4:42-43: "From them, from the sons of Simeon, five hundred men went to Mount Seir, with Pelatiah, Neariah, Rephaiah and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... Outline on Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judah (587 BC) "What we read in the book, we find in the ground" Arad and Ramah-Negev Ostraca collection 609, 597 BC Arad Letters Excavated 1962-1967 AD from an official archeological dig, these ostraca were the written records of communications between Jerusalem and the city of Arad and the king ... the fortress fell temporarily into Egyptian hands in 609. The Egyptians confiscated the supplies in the warehouse and then burned the citadel. Two inventories of foodstuffs, one in hieratic Egyptian, the other in Hebrew, probably date from this incident (Aharoni 1981: 61-64). Shortly thereafter, probably in 604, when Babylonia was on the move and the Egyptians no longer could maintain their influence, the fort was rebuilt by Judah on the same general plan as before. The new citadel stood only about a decade. In 597, while Nebuchadnezzar's army was invading Judah from the north, the fortress was captured and destroyed again, apparently by raiders from Edom. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Egyptian Conquest name list Maps: 1450 - 1279 BC. They're Digging ... ... This is most prominent in the runs of names around columns in the main hypostyle hall of the vast temple of Amenophis III at Soleb in Nubia. In Upper-Egyptian Abydos, two short lists (engraved as if on royal sphinx-bases) adorn the door-thicknesses of the King's chapel of the Temple of Sethos I." (Egyptian New-Kingdom Topographical Lists, K.A. Kitchen, University of Liverpool) 3. Ramesses II topographical list: c. "The third and youngest of the three extant maps of this road dates to the reign of Ramesses II (c. ... The appearance of town names in these lists (even highly original, up-to-date ones) does NOT necessarily imply that the places concerned had been wiped off the map by a warring pharaoh. That could happen on occasion; Tuthmosis III once mentions reducing settlements to 'reddened mounds. ' But normally, the astute pharaohs preferred to defeat foreign/hostile places, and leave them alive, more profitably to become tribute-paying vassals. To vanquish a foe or town does not ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-egyptian-conquest-map-topographical-name-lists-thutmoses-III-temple-amon-karnak-amenophis-III-soleb-ramesses-II-1450-1279bc.htm

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Lachish Letters Ostraca collection, Tablets and Inscriptions ... Discovered in 1935 AD from an official archeological dig these ostraca were the written records of communications between the city of Lachish and the king in Jerusalem at the time Nebuchadnezzar attacked Jerusalem 605-587 BC. Lachish Ostraca collection Introduction: Discovered in 1935 AD from an official archeological dig these ostraca were the written records of communications between the city of Lachish and the king in Jerusalem at the time Nebuchadnezzar attacked Jerusalem 605-587 BC. "Some thirty-six inscriptions have been discovered at Tell ed-Duwêr/Tel Lachish, including Proto-Canaanite inscriptions, inscribed seals and weights, several Egyptian ... Lachish Ostracon #4: YHWH, Fire Signals of Azekah, Jer 34:6-7; 6:1 Fire signals and passenger pigeons were the way ancient cultures communicated with each other. Jer 6:1 actually mentions the use of fire signals: "Flee for safety, O sons of Benjamin, From the midst of Jerusalem! Now blow a trumpet in Tekoa And raise a [fire] signal ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/Ostraca-Lachish-Letters-Jeremiah-YHWH-Egypt-Fire-Signals-Azekah-weakening-hands-nebuchadnezzar-587BC.htm

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Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of Ashurbanipal/Osnappar: Alliance ... "On my 1st campaign (667 BC), I marched to Egypt and Ethiopia against Taharqa, the king of Egypt and Kush. ... 22 kings, servants who belonged to me, carried their substantial gifts to me and kissed my feet. ... Ba'alu, king of Tyre, Manasseh, king of Judah, Qa'us-gabri, king of Edom, Musuri, king of Moab, Sil-Bel, king of Gaza, Mitinti, king of Ashkelon, Ikausu, king of Ekron ... Ammi-nadbi, king of Ammon, Ahi-Milki, king of Ashdod. ... Taharqa fled from Memphis to ... In 701, Shebitku ruled Egypt, and Taharqa was his Nubian lieutenant, precisely as Shebitku himself had been for Shabako. There was thus a clear, practical Kushite policy for ruling their vast twin realm effectively - and that twice over, on Assyrian and West-Semitic data that are together consistent." (The strengths and weaknesses of Egyptian chronology - A Reconsideration, Kenneth A. Kitchen, Egypt and the Levant, Vol. 16, p294, 2006 AD) c. "A Serapeum stela linking Psammetichus I to Taharqa and other dated sources ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Rassam-Prism-A-C-Ashurbanipal-King-Assyria-Manasseh-Judah-Alliance-Taharqa-Tirhakah-Necho-II-Tanutamon-Psammetichus-I-Pharaoh-Egypt-667BC.htm

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Schools, Education and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues ... F R. Yose says, "[They do so] in a house of mourning but not at a wedding feast." G R. Meir prohibits in either case. H R. Simeon permits in either case." (Mishnah, m. Terumoth 11:10 A-H, 200 AD) B. Archeological papyrus dump proves ancient cultures could read and write: 1. The half million Greek and Latin papyrus documents (300 BC - 300 AD) found at the Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus in 1882 AD by Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt in the city dump evidence the high level of literacy among the general population. a. 10% of the papyri were Greek fragments of almost every book of both the Old and new Testament and other important classical writings. b. The remaining 90% were civic "every day life" public and private documents including: Laws, codes, edicts, registers, official correspondence, census-returns, tax-assessments, petitions, court-records, sales, leases, wills, invoices, narrated accounts, inventories, horoscopes, and personal letters. 2. The massive 9 meter deep dumps of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schools-ancient-Synagogue-Literacy-of-Jews-education-reading-writing-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-liturgy.htm

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The Amarna Letters and tablets 1406 - 1340 BC. Conquest of Joshua ... ... Another of the Amarna Letters does give the name of the king of Hazor at this time: Abdi-Tirshi (EA 228). So not all the kings of Hazor were named Jabin! Finally, there is an Egyptian text from the time of Ramesses II (early 13th century BC), which mentions "Qishon of Jabin" (Krahmalkov 1994:61-62). Qishon is located in the Jezreel Valley, near where Deborah and Barak fought the forces of Jabin later in the 13th century. Evidently in Ramesses' time Qishon was under the control of the king of Hazor, who again was named Jabin (Govier 1994:2). (Jabin, King Of Hazor, Bryant G. Wood, Bible and Spade, p85, 1995 AD) e. "While the title of a Canaanite chieftain was "man" (awīlu: man with legal status) of such-and-such a city-state, and his appointed office, under an Egyptian overseer (a rabiṣu-official), was that of a "mayor" (ḫazannu), nevertheless, within his own Canaanite-society, he was known as "king" (EA 147:67-"king of Sidon"; 148:40-41-"king of Sidon", "king of Hazor"; 197:13-14; ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-amarna-tablets-letters-akhenaten-habiru-abiru-hebrews-1404-1340bc.htm

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Ein El-Qudeirat is not Kadesh Barnea: : Wrongly identified as ... ... Ein El-Qudeirat is located in Wadi el Ein, a narrow dry valley that is a few kilometers long. Click to View Four ostracons were found at Qudeirat. This one was found in the youngest (highest) level about 700 BC. It is a conversion chart between Hebrew and Egyptian numbering systems. Click to View A. Top 10 reasons why Ein El-Qudeirat cannot be Kadesh Barnea: Ein El-Qudeirat cannot be Kadesh Barnea because it directly contradicts the Bible. Qudeirat is located 27 km ... While many modern maps show the territory of Edom beside the Quseima area, this is not supported by archeology, but circular logic. They reason that Edom's border was located beside Kadesh, and since they falsely assume Kadesh is located at Ein El-Qudeirat, they just "pencil in" the land of Edom, nearby and randomly chose a new location for Mt. Seir and Mt. Hor where Aaron was buried! The problem is that both archeology and the Bible agree that Edom's territory was transjordan until after the Babylonian captivity of 605 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-el-qudeirat.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... The location of Tell el-Kheleifeh approximates therefore the description in I Kings 9:26 of Ezion-geber's being located "beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." When we first examined the potsherds, copper slag, bits of copper ore and implements on the surface of Tell el-Kheleifeh, it was seen that the pottery remains dated from the 10th to the 5th-4th centuries B.C. Frank had correctly adjudged them to be older than Roman. Among the surface finds that Frank mentions, in addition to some copper arrow heads, is "an inch high animal figure apparently cast in copper." 1. Zeitschrifi des deutschen Paldstina-Vereins, LVII ... Related to Solomon's casemate walls of Hazor, Gezer and Megiddo are those of Tell en-Nasbeh (Mizpah), Tell Beit Mirsim (Qiriath-sefer) and Beth-shemesh, probably of the time of David and those of Gibeah of the time of Saul." Ezion-geber I with its central structure and enclosing wall may have been destroyed by Shishak (the Egyptian Pharaoh ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... These Jerusalem Temple approved scholars were the ones who anachronistically updated the ancient Hebrew place-names to reflect their current name. They updated 4 Bible verses that are helpful for us today in understanding the Exodus Route. Lake Goshen, also known in Egyptian inscriptions (Papyrus Anastasi VI:4) as Lakes of Pithom and was located in the Wadi Tumilat, as was the city of Goshen (Heliopolis/Heroonopolis = "City of Heros" = Tell el-Maskhuta) and Pithom (Tell el-Retaba), all of which were ... Josephus equated Arabia with the Nabatean kingdom whose capital city was at Petra but never included any part of the Judean Negev or the Sinai Peninsula: (Antiquities 4.82; 4.161; 14.362; 17.54; Wars 1.267; 4.454). Josephus referred to the Nabateans only 10 times and equated them with Arabia (Antiquities 1.220-221). He never refers to the Nabateans as Idumeans even though the historic territory of Edom was fully absorbed into the Nabatean kingdom. Josephus used referred to the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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Bible Clay Bulla and seals from Israel and Judah Encyclopedia of Bullae and Seals: FREE! The Exhibit: On-line Museum of Bulla and seals Security: Creation of ancient legal documents and the how bullae are made to seal papyrus paper. Antitype: Pottery, seals, bulla and anti-typical New Testament imagery. Forgeries: Known fake and misidentified bullae & seals Archaeologists are ... Y. Aharoni, inside pottery juglet at Lachish 17 bullae, only seven were legible administrative archive at that spot, for one of them bore the title of a royal official. These had originally sealed letters and, after the opening of the papyri, the bullae were removed and placed in the juglet for safekeeping. 1974 Jewish military ... On five bullae (Nos. 21, 23, 63 [incomplete], 79 and 113), the name of the grandfather is also given. (Hebrew Bullae from the time of Jeremiah: Remnants of a burnt archive, Nahman Avigad, p116, 1986 AD) "We may also note an entire lack of "foreign" names, with the exception of the name Pashhur, which, though of Egyptian origin, was ... ... https://www.bible.ca/bulla/

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... ... Kadesh-barnea was situated in the Wilderness of Zin (Num. 20:1; 27:14; 33:36), although it is also associated with the Wilderness of Paran (Num. 13:26) and defined as a city on the border of Edom (Num. 20:16). The sanctity of the site seems to derive, at least partially, from its geographic proximity to Mount Sinai and Mount Horeb. According to Deut. 1:2, Kadesh is located eleven days from Horeb by way of Mount Seir. Another biblical tradition (Deut. 1:19) records that the way from Horeb to Kadesh-barnea "went through all that great and dreadful wilderness which you saw, on the way to the hill-country of ... The middle fortress existed for a considerable time, but despite its impressive fortifications, it evidently fell victim to an attack by some enemy whose identity is unknown. The possibility cannot be excluded that the destruction of the fortress may have been wrought, not by Egyptian or Assyrian forces, but by desert raiders. The last fortress, whose construction is attributed to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: 22 Stops: Mt Sinai to 38 years at Kadesh Barnea ... When it says, "the cloud settled down in Paran", that means at Kadesh. The section that follows discusses a few important things that happened before Kadesh (grumbling for meat at Taberah/Kibroth-hattaavah [ch 11]; Miriam's and Aaron's challenge to Moses Egyptian wife at Hazeroth [ch 12]) and events that happened at Kadesh: spying out the land; The man caught gathering sticks on the Sabbath; Koran's rebellion, death of Miriam, Moses striking the rock, Moses requests the kings of Edom and Moab to allow passage to the Jordan. As we can see, these events spanned 38 years. They came to Kadesh once, then they ... Again, if the passage is irony, clearly Moses did not leave Kadesh. E. The record of Deuteronomy proves 38 continuous years: 1. What Deuteronomy says: a. "It is eleven days' journey from Horeb by the way of Mount Seir to Kadesh-barnea." (Deuteronomy 1:2) b. "Then we set out from Horeb, and went through all that great and terrible wilderness which you saw on the way to the hill ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-sinai-kadesh-barnea.htm

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The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... Bible map makers since 1916 AD, begin by placing Kadesh on the map at Qudeirat, then adjusting the borders of Judah accordingly. But since they have chosen the wrong location for Kadesh at Qudeirat, they also wrongly map the wilderness of Zin, the Wilderness of Paran, Mt. Hor, the border of Edom, the border of Egypt, and the Ascent of Akrabbim. Although there is a single passage that says Judah's border extended down to the Red Sea (Elat/Ezion Geber), this did not happen until the time of Solomon about 950 BC. In 1406 BC, at the time of the conquest under Joshua, the border bypassed north of Timna, which was under Egyptian control as one of their many ... Conclusion: 1. Almost every map in every Bible is riddled with major errors in the Exodus route, the wildernesses of Zin and Paran, the location of Ezion Geber, Kadesh, the ascent of Akrabbim, the territory of the Edomites, Mt Hor and Mt Seir. a. The reason the borders are drawn incorrectly is because they chose locations for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm

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The Ascent of Akrabbim: (Ascent of Scorpions) ... In a kind of domino effect, just as Reuben displaced the Amorites moved south and displaced the Moabites and the Edomites. The Edomites were in turn, displaced south to Mt. Seir, (just north east of the Red Sea). When Israel first crossed the Jordan with Joshua, the Amorites controlled both Hebron, Jerusalem and Engedi. They were ... Click here for a complete discussion on the Amorites Judges 1:34-36 recounts places where Israel failed to drive out the Amorites within the promised land. The narrative begins in the tribe of Dan, an area just north west of Jerusalem and how the Amorites occupied key areas within Dan's inheritance. It mentions two towns of Aijalon ... The mountains on the eastern Arabah valley are very high (similar to the Rocky Mountains in Canada) and form such a formidable barrier that there is no way to get from the valley into the Jordan Plateau except at either end of the range at the Dead Sea end via Highway 60 or Red Sea via Highway 35. This is the territory of Edom. God ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ascent-of-akrabbim.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... I') SMELTING CAMP 0 EXCAVATED SITE • OTHER SITES ve.- CLIFF — WADI COPPER REARING YOTVATA SANDSTONE NEGEV22.X'5 4,219A 4 23 22 8- - ' ....C'. TIMNA P.14 ce- _ . EDOM - 9 . BEER ORA; 033 W.AMRAM CF ) /-* c. ‹ ADD SINAI x EL AT X it RED SEA •TELL-El-KHELEIFEH AQABA MIC IAN 3 15 Ramesside and Late Bronze Age—Early Iron Age ... It therefore seems likely that camp 3o belongs to the earliest phase of copper-smelting in Timna, although future excavation will have to verify this assumption. The fact that camp 3o is defended by a strong circumvallation may point to the same conclusion, i.e. at the very beginning of Egyptian exploitation of Timna's copper ore ... There also exists written evidence (Harris Papyrus I) for direct supply connections with Egypt. Therefore the possibility that the `normal' wheel-made pottery of Timna was imported from some-where in Egypt was investigated. Petrographic analysis of the Timna pottery proved highly interesting, though not entirely conclusive in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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Hebrew, Jewish, Yehuda, Bible coins of the Persian Empire ... Zerubbabel was the first pehah of Judah [correction, Sheshbazzar was first] in this period (Haggai 2:21), and even the Persian governor of the entire satrapy on the western side of the Euphrates was called "the governor on this side of the river" (Neh. 3:7). An Elephantine papyrus from the end of the fifth century B.C.E. mentions "Bagohi the satrap of Judah" and his contemporary "Sanballat satrap of Samaria.'53 Among the finds from Wadi Daliyeh, this title is mentioned on a bulla of Sanballat (the last governor of ... There are numerous well-known seal impressions on handles of jars from the Persian period, which feature not only the name "YHWD" but also the personal names of the province's Jewish satraps." "YHWD" (or "YHD" in unvowelled script) was then undoubtedly the official title of Judah under Persian rule, but it can even be considered to have applied not only to the province itself but also to its capital city, Jerusalem. 2 Chron. 25:28 relates the following about the burial ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-539-333BC.htm

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Paul said Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia: Gal 4:25 ... The points at issue are (a) whether the word Hagar should be included or omitted and (b) whether the clause should be introduced by gar or de. The major uncial texts are divided between the first and third readings and the oldest papyrus text has the second reading. Hence, there is a good bit of uncertainty regarding exactly how this should read. The problem is caused by the meaning of the phrase being ... Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula, we can be certain it is not located there. "This is that novel account which the Egyptian Apion gives us concerning the Jews' departure out of Egypt, and is no better than a contrivance of his own. But why should we wonder at the lies he tells us about our forefathers, when he affirms them to be of Egyptian original, when he lies also about himself?" (Josephus, Against Apion 2.28) 2. Arabia in the Old Testament was well defined to include Midian and east of the Arabah Valley where Edom lived. Arabia in the Bible was never considered as being in the Sinai ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-arabia-gal-4-25.htm

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta ... There is now pointed out the rock which flowed for Moses (which Moses struck and gave water to the people)." Footnote #: 979. ōr. Numbers 20:22, 28; K. 176:7; L. 291:88. Mt. near Petra (K. 142:7). Cf. K. 126:19 and K. 46:14 for Aaron's death. See K. 150:23 for Mt. Seir. Josephus Antiquities IV, 4, 7 tells of Aaron's death up on ... Joshua 10:41; K. 46:26; L. 247:74. Identified with the desert stretching south of Petra (K. 142:7) and more frequently Kadēs Barnē (K. 112:8). (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Eusebius writes: "Petra. City in the land of Edom in Arabia which is called Iechthoel. This is also called Rekem by the Assyrians (Syrians). Footnote #: ... The section that follows discusses a few important things that happened before Kadesh (grumbling for meat at Taberah/Kibroth-hattaavah [ch 11]; Miriam's and Aaron's challenge to Moses Egyptian wife at Hazeroth [ch 12]) and events that happened at Kadesh: spying out the land; The man caught gathering sticks on the Sabbath; Koran's ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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The Madaba map (mosaic floor) 542 AD St. George's Orthodox church ... ... These three names refer to the same place. Rhinocolura gets its name from the fact it was a prison city for criminals of Egypt whom the Pharaoh would literally cut off their noses "Rhino-colura" and force them to live in this sea port on the far edge of Egyptian territory. Arish has been the western border of Egypt since 2000 BC. 4. Between the towns of Bitylium and Rhinocolura are the following red words in the Madaba Map: Border of Egypt and Palestine "Horoi Aigyptou kai ... In 1910, Schmidt viewed Kadesh as being at Qedeis and viewed Ein El Weibeh as being the location for Thamara: "Edward Robinson, on his visit to 'Ain el Webeh, June 2, 1838, was so strongly impressed with this most important watering place in the 'Arabah that he identified it with Kadesh Barnea. His description of it was quite accurate. On the assumption that " Mount Seir " and "the land of Edom " had the 'Arabah for its western border, and that all Biblical statements are equally reliable and must at any ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-madaba-map.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... ... So the closest relative said to Boaz, "Buy it for yourself." And he removed his sandal." (Ruth 4:7-8) 7. In 600 BC: By the time of Jeremiah covenants were written on papyrus then rolled up papyrus, tied with string, then sealed with a clay bulla over the string knot for security. B. Signet rings (Seals) were engraved with finely ... Seal rings were used as tangible pledges of security. 2. 1899 BC at Timnah: (the year Joseph was sold into slavery) a. This is before the first alphabet invented by Joseph after Jacob died. b. This was either an Egyptian style name ring or a unique custom graphic of a lion etc. c. Judah gave Tamar his signet ring as a pledge he ... Aramaic Hebrew exchanged/substituted the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet characters for that of a foreign language (Aramaic). 3. Aramaic is a sister Semitic language to Hebrew that dates back to 900 BC and was the universal official language of the Assyrians (700 BC) and Babylonians (600 BC) the same way English is today throughout the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted ... AD 325: The Onomasticon by Eusebius marks Rhinocorura at Arish. vii. AD 400: Jerome: Raphia is near the border of Egypt (Jerome, commentary on Daniel 11:10-14) viii. AD 542: Madaba Map: States in Greek that Egyptian border is between Raphia and Rhinocorura 36. The southern border of Judah proves Kadesh Barnea is near or at Petra: Num 34:3-5; Josh 15:1-4. a. Moses draws the border of Judah ... Those who place Kadesh Barnea at Qudeirat create the fiction that Edom occupied the Negev east of Qudeirat across the southern Arabah Valley in modern Jordan. They bring the western border of Edom deep into Judah and mark it directly beside Qudeirat. a. The first incursion of Edom into the tribal allotment of Judah and Simeon did not occur until after the first attack of Nebuchadnezzar in 605 BC. This is validated through the Arad Ostraca. b. At age 30, Esau moves from Judah to Seir, conquered the Horites in 1926 BC and began to occupy their historic Transjordan territory east of the Arabah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges: Deborah 1204 ... ... Dating to the 18th-17th centuries B.C.E., this cuneiform fragment measures 1.18 by 1.06 inches and is written in Old Babylonian. The few phrases that survive record objections raised over the transfer of a young woman." (Exodus Itinerary Confirmed by Egyptian Evidence, Charles R. Krahmalkov, BAR 20:05, Sep/Oct 1994 AD) b. "Name of ... The finest of the temples was built by Amenhotep III at Soleb; although reminiscent of his lovely temple at modern Luxor with its closed papyrus columns, it is sadly ruined today." (Ethiopia, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol 2, p194, 1988 AD) Conclusion: When you get the chronology right, the cartography right and ... Eli, Samuel, Saul, David 1406-1399 1350-1204 1204-1144 1191-1144 1118-1094 1118-1078 1128-1004 Josh 1-15 Judges 3, 17-21, Ruth Judges 4-5 Judges 6-9 Judges 10-12 Judges 13-16 1 Samuel 1-31 Canaanites Mesopotamia, Edom Hazorites Ishmaelites, Midianites Ammonites Philistines Philistines, Ammonites, Amalekites click to view click to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-timeline-chronology-judges-deborah-hazor-1204-1144bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-qedeis-the-Biblical ... ... Hanna had never been there before, and for our sakes it was fortunate that he had not, for very probably he would never have undertaken such a task a second time. I tried to get him to make a covenant of blood with us to the effect that he would show us Kadesh, but he refused. The contract between us, however, was formally drawn up and signed before starting, and sealed with the official stamp of the American consul in Cairo. And well was this precaution taken; ... It is not far from the southern borders of Canaan (cf. Numb. 34:4); not long distant from Mt. Hor, probably Jebel 11jarun (cf. Numb. 20: 22) ; on the borders of the wilderness of Zin, which is probably that part of the desert west of the 'Arabah (cf. Numb. 20: 1); on the frontier of Edom (cf. Numb. 20: I6); and eleven days from Horeb via Mount Seir (Deut. I :2). The harmony of the biblical statements concerning Kadesh and the location of 'Ein Kadis is so patent that no other site can really be said in the minds of scholars ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-qedeis-the-biblical-world-george-l-robinson-1901ad.htm

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Rich man and Lazarus in Hades: Luke 16:19-31: Neo-Sadduceeian ... ... Edward Fudge calls Jesus a False teacher! On Luke 16: "The plot of the parable, the reversal of earthly fortunes after death, was familiar in popular Palestinian stories of Jesus' time. Hugo Gressmann cites a Greek parallel from a first-century Egyptian papyrus, and he says there are at least seven versions of the story in Jewish literature. One of the most famous involved a poor student of the Law and a rich publican named Bar Ma'jan. There are differences between these stories and Jesus', of ... They finally turn to dust and await the resurrection. (The rich man and Lazarus, Dennis Crews, Amazing Facts, SDA) False argument refuted: Arians make a very weak argument here, claiming that the rich man in Luke 16 took his body with him to Hades because it mentions fingers and tongues etc. God is composed 100% of spirit, yet is also spoken of as having human body parts. Arians don't think God has a literal flesh and blood body like man! This is called anthropomorphism which we discussed ... ... https://www.bible.ca/su-hades-luke16.htm

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The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD ... in Edom, a deputy was king" (1 Kgs 22:48).1 Kgs reports that, in an unsuccessful attempt to repeat Solomon's achievements, "Jehoshaphat made ships of Tarshish to go to Ophir for gold, but they did not go, for the ships were wrecked at Ezion-geber" (1 Kgs 22:49; Bartlett 1989:115-6). This attribution would also find support in 2 Chr 17:2: 'And he [Jehoshaphat] placed forces in all the fortified cities of Judah, and set garrisons in the land of Judah." Later, perhaps at the end of his reign, the fortress was enlarged to accommodate the Israelite/Judean retaliatory campaign against Mesha, king of Moab (mid-ninth century BCE; 2 Kgs 3:4-15), who mentions his ... These outposts not only safeguarded the Negev highways but also defended the kingdom's southern border. Many of them, including (En Haseva, were destroyed in Pharaoh Shishak's military campaign against the region in ca. 926 BCE (Mazar 1957; 1986:139-50; Kitchen 1986:293-300, 432-47). As much as scholars continue to debate the date, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm

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The transition from Temple to Synagogue to church: God's eternal ... ... In 246 BC the oldest Greek synagogue inscription ever found documents a large population of Jews in Lower Egypt near Alexandria. There are actually two almost identical inscriptions from two different synagogue proving that synagogues were well organized and established. 3. Archeological proof of these Alexandria and Egyptian synagogues is massive: a. While no actual synagogue structures or buildings have been discovered at this point, there is significant proof through both inscriptions and papyrus documents that they existed. b. It is in Alexandria Egypt, that the Jews produced a ... All 39 Old Testament books of the Jewish Tanakh had been translated from Hebrew into Greek by 150 BC. b. The Greek Septuagint was the official and accepted Tanakh (Old Testament) stored in the "Ark of the Scrolls" cabinet inside each synagogue. c. The scrolls of the Greek Septuagint Tanakh were housed in the "Ark of the Scrolls" in synagogues to be read and studied every Sabbath. F. 3 April 33 AD: The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gods-eternal-plan-purpose-providential-transition-from-Temple-to-Synagogue-to-Church-prophecy-fulfilled.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route ... Joshua 10:41; K. 46:26; L. 247:74. Identified with the desert stretching south of Petra (K. 142:7) and more frequently Kadēs Barnē (K. 112:8). Petra. City in the land of Edom in Arabia which is called Iechthoel. This is also called Rekem by the Assyrians (Syrians). Footnote #: 762. Petra. Judges 1:36; K. 142:7; L. 279:71. No ... There is now pointed out the rock which flowed for Moses (which Moses struck and gave water to the people). Footnote #: 979. ōr. Numbers 20:22, 28; K. 176:7; L. 291:88. Mt. near Petra (K. 142:7). Cf. K. 126:19 and K. 46:14 for Aaron's death. See K. 150:23 for Mt. Seir. Josephus Antiquities IV, 4, 7 tells of Aaron's death up on the ... Zoar: "Sēgōr. [Which is also Sala and Zoara, one of the five cities of Sodom. By the prayer of Lot was saved from fire.] Up to now it is still pointed out, Isaia mentions it in the vision "Against the Moabites." (As we have spoken above.)" Daidan (Daedan). In the (territory) or Idumaea according to Jeremia (as Jeremia writes). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... In 1 Kings, Hiram makes 420 talents of gold available to Solomon; in 2 Chronicles, it is 450. But the basic story is the same. Here are the two versions, first, 1 Kings: "King Solomon built a fleet of ships at Ezion-Geber which is near Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom. Hiram sent his servants with the fleet, ... Solomon's desire to emulate his Egyptian neighbors was no doubt frustrated by a lack of maritime expertise. So he turned to his trusted associate King Hiram—and a formula for a maritime partnership was agreed upon: Solomon would provide access to the Red Sea and unlimited labor; Hiram would contribute his maritime skills and the ... of burnt wood in some of the holes, all that was left after the building was destroyed in a fire.) Moreover, the site was not situated in the windiest location in the valley; official records showed the windiest site was farther to the west. Finally, the pottery dated to King Solomon's time could not be reliably dated so early. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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Hazael, king of Aram (842-800 BC) Tel Dan "House of David" inscription ... ... The trouble is when people look at the Bible numbers and think in terms of BC years without making the correct translation between the two calendar systems. Joash began in 835n/835t. This was 836t by Judean official reckoning, but it was, in our reckoning, in the 6-month period on or after Nisan 1 of 935 BC. (Rodger Young, email, ... III. Discovery and details about the Tel Dan Stele of Hazael: 1. "The discussion of the high places at Dan cannot be concluded without calling attention to the Aramaic victory stele which mentions a king of Israel and a king of the House of David (Biran and Naveh 1993, 1995). The smashed fragments of the stele were found on the ... At about the same time, however, two French scholars, André Lemaire (1994) and Émile Puech (1994), independently recognized the same phrase in the Mesha Inscription [848 BC], which has been around for well over 100 years (Wood 1995). It now likely that the name David is in a third inscription. Egyptologist K.A. Kitchen believes ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-hazael-stele-ben-hadad-ahab-joram-ahaziah-jehoram-house-of-david-inscription-jehu-841bc.htm

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The Septuagint, LXX: 10 Archeological proofs the Septuagint Tanakh ... ... Philo copies the longer Septuagint chronological numbers in Genesis: Philo QG I 82-83; QG II 17 i. He also mentions Enoch's numbers 165, 200, 365 in Philo QG I 82-83 and Noah's age of 600 at the Flood in Philo QG II 17. ii. Philo Philo's numbers for Enoch are the LXX's. (The MT's are 65, 300, 365). e. "For the first century a.d. we ... in Egypt in the beginning of the third century BCE. This assumption is compatible with the early date of several Greek papyrus and leather fragments of the Torah from Qumran and Egypt, some of which date from the middle of the 3rd century until the 1st century BCE. The remaining Scripture books were translated at different times. ... It is generally conceded that the rest of the Old Testament was translated into Greek by 100 b.c. at the latest. However, there is some debate as to whether these books were also translated in Egypt. Because of the work of scholars such as Albright who have shown strong Egyptian influences in the Hebrew underlying the Septuagint of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Greek-Bible-entire-Tanakh-39-books-translated-complete-by-150BC.htm

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595 BC: Bulla of Hananiah son of Azariah: False prophet. Bible ... Encyclopedia of Bullae and Seals: The Exhibit: On-line Museum of Bulla and seals Security: How bullae are made to seal papyrus Forgeries: Known fake bullae and seals Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to ... the province of Babylon." (Daniel 3:1) 3. In spring of 595 BC Nebuchadnezzar orders every vassal world leader under his domain, including Zedekiah, to attend the official unveiling of the golden image in Babylon. a. "Then Nebuchadnezzar the king sent word to assemble the satraps, the prefects and the governors, the counselors, the ... This showdown was every bit as spectacular as the one on Mt. Carmel where Elijah challenges the 850 false prophets of Baal. c. Jeremiah is told by God to make a wooden yolk and wear it on his neck as an warning allegory to Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tire, Sidon and Zedekiah in Jerusalem that they MUST SERVE Nebuchadnezzar. d. Hananiah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-Belonging-to-Hananiah-son-of-Azariah-Azzur-false-prophet-Jer28-1-17-594bc.htm

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