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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system Most weigh stones during the Iron age (1100-587 BC) were smooth polish dome-shaped limestone with flat bottoms. "Until 1998, only 211 of the inscribed Judaean weights had been found in archaeological excavations; more than half came from Jeru-salem and its surroundings (76), Lachish (25), and Arad (15)." Many ... A set of 5 rare inscribed Hebrew, Judean weigh stones: 8 Shekels (91.2grams) 1 Shekel (11.4 grams) 1 Nezef (9.12 grams) 1 Pym (7.6 grams) 1 Beqa (5.7 grams) Eight Hebrew weight stones from 701 BC excavated in Lachish, stratum II: four stones were 8 shekels and ... And I weighed out to them the silver and the gold and the vessels, the offering for the house of our God that the king, his counselors, his lords, and all Israel there present had offered; I weighed out ... `ah-obol. The inscription is "YHWDH" for the province of Judah (YHD) Notice the duck has its head tucked behind its back just like ducks sleep and EXACTLY like the ancient Sumerian duck weight stones! ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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Josiah, King of Judah 640-609 BC seals, bulla. They're Digging ... Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most ... LEFT BEHIND (the Biblical version of that bad movie): Josiah would be taken and then tribulation upon Judah will begin. "Therefore, behold, I will gather you to your fathers, and you will be ... but they ate unleavened bread among their brothers." (2 Kings 23:9) 5. Two Lachish Ostraca specifically mention King Josiah around 610 BC that highlight those things important most to him: Justice for the ... in Locus 967 in Area G. This is the "first time that so large a group of easily legible Hebrew sealings has come to light in a controlled excavation, in a clear stratigraphic context and ... It is part of a hoard of 51 bullae, the only collection of bullae ever found in a stratified context in Israel. The bullae were uncovered in stratum 10, the level sealed by the Babylonian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-josiah-king-of-judah-hilkiah-high-priest-find-lost-book-law-of-moses-seal-bulla-640-609bc.htm

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Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ... Surface and topographic mapping at the large copper-working site of Khirbat en-Nahas was followed by stratigraphic excavations at an ancient fortress and two metal ... controversy ever since its nineteenth century beginnings primarily because it is linked with issues concerning the historicity of the Old Testament or Hebrew Bible. ... Some of these new polities include ancient Israel, Judah, Philistia, and Phoenicia located west of the Jordan River; Aram in Syria and the Transjordan polities of ... evidence at Tel Rehov, historical Egyptian events and Biblical texts during the tenth century BC - a period traditionally tied to the reign of King Solomon. ... T.E. Levy, R.B. Adams, M. Najjar, A. Hauptmann, J.D. Anderson, B. Brandl, M.A. Robinson & T. Higham palatial architecture found at plateau sites such as Busayra (the ... A sequence of four main strata was defined and is summarised here in order of deposition. Stratum soil. so n gi r i v e th was Figure 3 Excavations at the gate ofthe ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm

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Khirbat en-Nahas Fortress: Part of Solomon's network of military ... This would be the best explanation for the occupation layer that preexisted the fortress Solomon built at the site. David and Solomon captured and controlled the ... of about 700 BC. Levy says: "The new dates and the range of artefacts recently found at the site, such as architecture, ceramics, scarabs, and arrowheads indicate ... (Edom, Moab, Ammon, Israel, Judah, Philistia, etc.)." (Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, 2004 AD) Problem with all this is that the Bible says Edom was a functioning kingdom at the time of the Exodus in 1446 BC and the Conquest in 1406 BC. Joshua asked both the king of Moab and the king of Edom for ... We are now at the beginning of being able to engage the Hebrew Bible and extra-biblical sources for gleanings of historical fact and historical processes. However, ... For example, a leaf-shaped metal arrowhead (B. 7559, L. 344) in Stratum S3, and two scarabs from Strata 1 and 2a in Room 4 of the Area S building are especially ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-khirbat-en-nahas.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... Furthermore, the letters seem to be marked by the fragment's shape and damage patterns. The letter "zayin" in line 2 and "alef" in line 3, for example, are adapted to holes in the fragment, and the last "lamed" is pressed down ... I. Historical context of Ezra in 458 BC: 1. 623 BC: Abisha Torah Scroll: 1065 AD: The Samaritan priest at Bethel acquires a Paleo-Hebrew copy of the Torah from Jerusalem. a. The Samaritans got a copy of the paleo Hebrew Torah from Josiah after he found the book of the law in 623 BC. He was a good king and a ... Then the king commanded Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam the son of Shaphan, Achbor the son of Micaiah, Shaphan the scribe, and Asaiah the king's servant saying, "Go, inquire of the Lord for me and the people and all Judah concerning ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and burned animal bones (sheep, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... Edom and who were in all the other countries, heard that the king of Babylon had left a remnant for Judah, and that he had appointed over them Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan. Then all the Jews returned from all the places to which they had been driven away and came to the land of Judah, to Gedaliah at Mizpah, and gathered in wine and summer fruit ... The Samaritans got a copy of the paleo Hebrew Torah from Josiah after he found the book of the law in 623 BC. He was a good king and a reformer king. Surely, he would give a copy very willingly to anyone wanting to follow God and ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and ... The enemies, the Samaritans, Rehum the commander and Shimshai the scribe, write a letter to Artaxerxes to stop rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem. b. The king replies to the Samaritans ("to the rest ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad-Ezer II: 845 BC ... This king is known here only by his second name 'Ezer. Given the appropriate phonetic shifts, 'Idri in Akkadian equals 'Ezer in Aramaic and Hebrew. This king, Adad- 'Idri or 'Ezer, was the ... The latter stele is in standard Canaanite (Phoenician); the former is in a dialect related to the language of northern Israel as we know it from the Ostraca of Samaria, but not identical with it. The addition of a new inscribed stele to the two already known, is accordingly a matter of unusual archaeological interest. Moreover, it is the first inscribed monument of significance found bearing the name of a king of ... The stela, slightly more than a meter in height, is carved with a relief representation of the god Melqart, surmounting a four-line Aramaic inscription (one letter on a fifth), which ... three years later by Ben-Hadad II: 1 Kings 22:1-40 a. "Three years passed without war between Aram and Israel. In the third year Jehoshaphat the king of Judah came down to the king of Israel. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Ben-Hadad-II-Melqart-Stele-Bir-Ezer-Damascene-king-Aram-1939AD-Breij-Aleppo-1Kings20-2Ki5-845BC.htm

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'Edomite', `Negbite' And 'Midianite' Pottery From The Negev Desert ... Archaeometry 33, 2 (1991), 239-253. Printed in Great Britain Department of Archaeometry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel TH. BEIER, U. DIEHL, D. LAMBRECHT and H. MOMMSEN Institut ... One of the feared foreign, ethnic groups was the arch-enemy of Judah, the Edomites (Isa. 34: 5-15; Jer. 49: 7-22; Obad. verse 18; Ezek. 25: 12--14), who had their kingdom, Edom, east of the ... The sites differ greatly in architectural layout: the Horvat Qitmit shrine consists of a few buildings, whereas Qadesh Barnea is a large fortress. Analytical work performed on the ceramics found at the shrine of Horvat Qitmit was described ... The Beer Sheba waster was also chemically related to Iron Age II pottery archaeologically classified as Judahite and found at Beer Sheba and Arad as shown in the same Qitmit paper. Thus, ... Edomite script has been found on ostraca which have been shown to be of Judahite origin (Gunneweg and Mommsen 1990, 13). (2) Judahites imitated locally in the north-east Negev a style of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-edomite-negev-midianite-neutron-activation-analysis-j-gunneweg-1991ad.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present Like Pharaoh in Egypt, the Nabateans removed all traces of the Hebrews in the multi coloured sandstone. Petra is a second use of the Hebrew Kadesh Barnea. 106 AD: Roman Petra: ... Of course neither of these could be Kadesh because the western edge of the Arabah valley was the Territory of Judah. 1881-1916 AD: Ein el Qedeis. The search moved to the Quseima ... When they learned that Ein el Qudeirat is the largest natural water supply in the entire Sinai, they immediately declared they had found Kadesh Barnea. As they excavated the site, they were unaware that they were actually digging up a fortress built by Solomon in 950 BC to protect ... the site of Kadesh is Ain Kadis (spelled also Gadis and Quadis); "the very same name, letter for letter in Arabic and Hebrew, with the scriptural fountain of Kadesh --the 'holy ... Today, we know that Ein El-Qudeirat, is not even Kadesh Barnea, so Moses was never even here: "At a later date Moses, writing to the King of Edom, described Kadesh as `a city in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... Hanun (Bar Kokhba's Letters, The Wooden Letter) They were sadly mistaken in rejecting Jesus Christ as their true Messiah whom they crucified and even more mistaken in their false faith in Simon as the Messiah. ... In modern Hebrew, the usual meaning of kazab is "lie", although it can also take the meaning of "disappointment." But any attempt to translate "bar Kozeba" as "son of the disappointment" would be forcing a ... See outline on Gedaliah This stunning find at Lachish in the 1935 archeological season is a prize for Bible students. "Now as for the people who were left in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, he appointed Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan over them." (2 Kings 25:22) We have found four seals from one bible verse: ... Royal Officials, G. Ernest Wright, Vol 1) "The nearby city fortress of Lachish provides clear proof that it had been twice burned over a short period of time, coinciding with the two captures of Jerusalem. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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Aramaic: Native language of Jesus ... B. The sign on Jesus' cross was in Latin, Greek and Aramaic BUT NOT HEBREW: The sign above Jesus' head "JESUS THE NAZARENE, THE KING OF THE JEWS." was tri-lingual as seen in the ... Even after 100 years had passed after returning to Judea from captivity, in 440 BC, Nehemiah is frustrated that the Jews in Jerusalem spoke Aramaic and not Hebrew "As for their children, half spoke in the language of Ashdod [Aramaic], and none of them was able to speak the language of Judah, but the language of his own people." (Nehemiah 13:24) b. Archeologically an Aramaic "Persian period ... ostracon describing a delivery of wine" was found at Ashdod ... [LXX] was created. If one believes the letter of Aristeas, the Greek Pentateuch was made by Palestinian Jews for a scholarly purpose: for the library of the Ptolemaic king. ... suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found including the leader, ben Ya'ir (Eleazar ben Ya'ir). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-default-working-language-Jesus-first-century-Aramaic-Greek-Hebrew-Latin.htm

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The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... The fortresses were built according to one of three distinct ground plans-being either roughly oval, rectangular, or square-but clearly belong to the same historical period. In the author's opinion, they were established by King Solomon. As is well known, he was a powerful ... At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) b. "Notable among these evidences of early human habitation is a series of sites dating to the Iron Age. They invariably consist of some sort of fortress surrounding or adjacent to a small settlement. ... [near Ashdod] pose a challenge in regard to the definition of Judah's borders. Final reports are not yet published (for preliminary reports see Cohen 1983; Naveh 1962; Reich 1989). Judaean artifacts found at both sites include, for example, inscribed weights, pottery vessels, and Hebrew ostraca. It must be accepted, therefore, that these sites had relations with Judah; but were they governed by Judah as part of its sovereign territory? ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm

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Wadi Daliyeh (Cave of Abu Shinjeh) Sanballat seal and Bulla, ... us and said, "What is this thing you are doing? Are you rebelling against the king?"" (Nehemiah 2:19) 3. "Now it came about that when Sanballat heard that we were ... But they were planning to harm me." (Nehemiah 6:1-2) 6. "Then Sanballat sent his servant to me in the same manner a fifth time with an open letter in his hand." ... frighten me." (Nehemiah 6:14) 9. "Even one of the sons of Joiada, the son of Eliashib the high priest, was a son-in-law of Sanballat the Horonite, so I drove him ... Similar legal documents were found recently at Wadi Daliyeh, east of Samaria; they belonged to the Samaritan governor's family, who had fled from the Macedonian ... the Arabian, opposed Nehemiah's rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem (445 BCE) and his other activities in Judah (Neh 2:10, 19; 4:1, 7; 6:1-2, 5, 12, 14; 13:28). ... Others change the Hebrew vocalization of hahoroni to haharani ("the Haranite"), related to the Mesopotamian city Harran-a center for the worship of the moon-god ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-manuscripts-bulla-Wadi-Daliyeh-cave-Abu-Shinjeh-Persian-Aramaic-papyrus-letters-legal-documents-clay-seal-string-endorsed-sealed-Sanballat-408BC.htm

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Coins of the Seleucid Empire: 321-64 BC ... Origin of Hanukkah: In 164 BC the first Hanukkah celebrated the liberation and rededication of the Jewish Temple. In Hebrew, the word "Hanukkah" means "dedication." Hanukkah was celebrated in New ... But now I remember the wrong I did in Jerusalem. I seized all its vessels of silver and gold, and I sent to destroy the inhabitants of Judah without good reason. I know that it is because of this ... king entered Mount Zion and saw what a strong fortress the place was, he broke the oath he had sworn and gave orders to tear down the wall all around. Then he set off in haste and returned to Antioch. He found Philip in control of the city, but he fought against him, and took the city by force." (1 Maccabees 6:18-63) Demetrius I Soter 162-150 BC Alexander I Balas (usurper) 150-145 BC Demetrius II Nicator Soter 145-140 BC Antiochus VI Dionysus was the son of Nicator Soter but never ruled. Antiochus VII Sidetes 139-129 BC 1 Maccabees 15:1-36: "Antiochus, son of King Demetrius, sent a letter ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Seleucid-empire-321-64BC.htm

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The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ... ... The new fortress at Aqabah, recently completed by the transjordan government, although much smaller, serves in a limited way the same purpose. The Egyptian king Shoshenk, or Shishak, as he is known ... In a room belonging to Period III, was found a beautiful signet ring (Figs. 8-9). The seal itself, enclosed in a copper casing, had incised on it in retrograde, in the clearest possible ancient ... In front of the ram seems to be the figure of a man. It cannot definitely be proven that the YTM of the seal is the very king of Judah, whose dominion Fig. 7. An eight-handled jar with a potter's mark. Fig. ... In all events, it is quite appropriate that during the period of Judaean con-trol over Elath extending throughout the reigns of tTzziah, Jotham, and the beginning of the reign of Ahaz, the Hebrew ... In these Greek jars were contained wines and other products shipped to Elath, and thence to Arabia, in return for the incense and spices and other wares obtainable there. Aramaic ostraca were found ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm

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Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... and Nimrod were not only both kings at Uruk, they both founded Uruk!. 119 5. Nimrod and Enmerkar both share the same consonants in cuneiform and Hebrew: "NMR" 120 6. Etymology of Mt. ... of Cush, great-grandfather of Nimrod. 8. Sargon I of Akkad: Assyrian king (2320-2265 BC) Idol gods: 1. Anu/An: Supreme god and father of all gods including Enlil, Enki and Inana. ... Archaeological terms: 1. Assemblage: A collection of pottery and objects excavated at a single site or within one or more stratum which sometimes become diagnostic at other sites for dating. Assemblages found at Ubaid, Uruk 2. Christian Archaeological Dating ... The correlation is intriguing, although there is no evidence from the [Ebla] tablets linking the two persons or, to be sure, from the Bible." (Biblical Archaeologist, A Letter to Our ... Some cultures today continue to use stone tools. 5. Collapse of the Late Bronze age & dawn of the Iron age was triggered by the global invasion of the Philistines that came to Judah ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm

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Book of Balaam Son of Beor Inscription at Tell Deir Alla, Succoth ... ... Alla was leveled by an earthquake, perhaps the very earthquake mentioned in the Book of Amos, and also spoken of by Zechariah as "the earthquake that stopped up the valley in the days of King Uzziah of Judah." ... The fragments that remain were found in several groupings." (Deir Alla Plaster Texts, Prophets and prophecy in the ancient Near East, Vol 12, 138, 2003 AD) 4. "Combination I clearly concerns the ... Unfortunately, only the first letter of her name has been preserved (line 6), so her identity can only be a matter of conjecture. Like the deceiving spirit sent forth from the divine council ... The inscriptions, written in ink on plaster with a nib, were displayed on the walls. They belong to stratum IX at the site, which has been dated to the ninth and eighth centuries bce, with the ... Convening his intimates, Balaam discloses to them what has been revealed to him in the vision. A council (mwʿd = Hebrew môʿēd) of inimical gods, opposing El, has commanded the goddess ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-balaam-son-of-beor-inscription-tell-deir-alla-succoth-1400-750bc.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... This is a bit confusing, but they continue to speak the Hebrew language, they simply swapped out, letter for letter, the Aramaic alphabet. It was the Hebrew language written in the foreign ... And she said, "Please examine and see, WHOSE SIGNET RING and cords and staff are these?" Judah recognized them, and said, "She is more righteous than I, inasmuch as I did not give her to my son ... The Seal ring of the 12 dynasty Egyptian pharaohs were scarabs/name rings made from Egyptian Hieroglyphics. b. Pharaoh gave Joseph his signet ring to function as king of Egypt. c. "Pharaoh said ... Each family had their own signet rings at the time of the Exodus. b. These seal rings were most likely similar to other Hebrew seal impressions found in fired clay bulla from the time of Jeremiah and the destruction of ... Jesus' cry "My God why have you forsaken me" was in Aramaic. b. The Masada suicide ostraca lots were in Aramaic. 9. Strangely, the Aramaic alphabet was derived from the Hebrew alphabet they ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... Numbers 21:20+ 20a And Shehmaa said to Mooshe, Rise, take your journey and cross the brook of Aarehnaan. 20b See, I have given into your hand Siyyon the Emarree, king of Ihshbone and his land. ... inscribed in archaic Hebrew with a list of names and numbers. Actually, the piece is a palimpsest. The "underwriting" seems to have been a letter though only a few words can be made out now. ... In addition there are cursive Aramaic, and Greek business documents, both types frequently bearing date formulae. Several Hebrew letters on papyrus were found. They include letters written by Simon ben Kaseba (bar Kokheba), ... Archaeologists found three ostraca, which had been placed on the skeletons, inscribed with the names of the deceased. The main textual find was a well-preserved Scroll of the Twelve Minor ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... Numbers 21:20+ 20a And Shehmaa said to Mooshe, Rise, take your journey and cross the brook of Aarehnaan. 20b See, I have given into your hand Siyyon the Emarree, king of Ihshbone and his land. ... inscribed in archaic Hebrew with a list of names and numbers. Actually, the piece is a palimpsest. The "underwriting" seems to have been a letter though only a few words can be made out now. ... In addition there are cursive Aramaic, and Greek business documents, both types frequently bearing date formulae. Several Hebrew letters on papyrus were found. They include letters written by Simon ben Kaseba (bar Kokheba), ... Archaeologists found three ostraca, which had been placed on the skeletons, inscribed with the names of the deceased. The main textual find was a well-preserved Scroll of the Twelve Minor ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta ... If the southern border "goes up south of Kadesh", then obviously Kadesh is north of the border... and inside Judah. b. But this is completely wrong and not what the ... This is also called Rekem by the Assyrians (Syrians). Footnote #: 762. Petra. Judges 1:36; K. 142:7; L. 279:71. No letter division in the Vatican Greek manuscript ... of Israel killed. It is said he was also king of Madiam." Footnote #: 773. Rekem. Numbers 31:8; K. 144:7; L. 280:94. Identity and summary of biblical information (Joshua 13:21; Numbers 31:8; cf. K. 142:7 and K.36:13, for Petra, named Rekim by Josephus). In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Recem, variety or painting". (The ... The Notitia Dignitatum (74:40) has a Tarba and (74:46) a Thamarra both of which have a garrison. Alt found a fort at Qasr el Juheiniye and he is followed by many ... Eusebius places Arad near the Desert of Kadesh Barnea, but the Madaba map places Arad between Beersheba and Egypt rather than between Beersheba and the Dead sea. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... beings He has created to inhabit it without finding homes in those lands so objectionable in very many, many ways" (Ellen G. White, Letter #167, 23 March, 1900). ... the second king of Rome and a contemporary of King Hezekiah, made corrections in the inequality of the calendar which required further corrections later (ibid, 356). ... The history of the Hebrew calendars is complicated indeed. For example, Steve Rudd, an apologetics researcher with Bible.CA and the author of the article, "Solved: Divided Kingdom Chronology," explains that the Kingdom of Judah began its new year with the month of September-October, whereas Israel's new year began with the month ... Despite the seemingly formidable evidence lunar Sabbatarian, John D. Keyser, has found in support of the lunar Sabbath concept, the fact that the Karaite Jews have no ... "Then Judas appointed certain men to fight against those that were in the fortress, until he had cleansed the sanctuary. So he chose priests of blameless ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route ... This is also called Rekem by the Assyrians (Syrians). Footnote #: 762. Petra. Judges 1:36; K. 142:7; L. 279:71. No letter division in the Vatican Greek manuscript ... The Notitia Dignitatum (74:40) has a Tarba and (74:46) a Thamarra both of which have a garrison. Alt found a fort at Qasr el Juheiniye and he is followed by many ... II Chronicles 20:2 identified Thamar with En Gedi or at least locates it in the district of En Gedi (86:16). Jerome in Hebrew Questions says, "his city which we now ... Properly called Aila today (it was formerly pronounced Ailath) from whence the ancient people the Ailamites whose king was Chodollagomor [who is mentioned in the Acts ... He has Filistine in K. 7:15, K. 21:2, K. 3:25, K. 119:3 but more often uses transliteration allofylorum (see Appendix I). It is puzzling that Eusebius places Arad ... The Madaba Map copies Eusebius with all three names listed: "Balak which is also Sēgōr or now Zoora" and picturing a fortress with palm trees. Zoora is also Soora ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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creed and beliefs of Baha'i Faith: A brief history & notes on ... ... Seven times = 7 years x 360 days = 2520 days/ years The starting point of this prophecy was fulfilled with the captivity of Israel under King Manasseh. The Lord said through his servants the prophets, "Manasseh king of Judah has committed these detestable sins. He has done more evil than the Amorites who ... The story of Moses draws an even more detailed parallel to the themes of Christianity. Both Moses' and Jesus' lives were threatened by a royal order to kill all Hebrew babies. Both found protection in the land of Egypt. Both were pressured by ... Not His choice. "In that day also He shall come even to thee from Assyria, and from the fortified cities, and from the fortress even to the river, and from sea to sea, and from mountain to mountain". Micah 7: 12 he shall ... Revelation 3:12 Say, Oh followers of the Son! Have ye shut out yourselves from Me by reason of My Name? Baha'u'llah "Letter to the Christians of the World" The Nature of Christ's resurrection Now as he journeyed he ... ... https://www.bible.ca/creed-bahai-beliefs.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... that I have commanded you."" (Exodus 31:1-11) ii. "Then Moses said to the sons of Israel, "See, the Lord has called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. ... Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). Even Tjeku, the name of the region of ... Two 18-17th century inscriptions have been found at Mari and Hazor with the name Jabin. A third is on the names list of Ramesses II at the Amon Temple at Karnak 1279-1212 BC. ii. The Accadian tablet from Mari reads: "Ibni-Addad king of Hazor." (18th century BC) iii. The Old Babylonian tablet letter from Hazor is actually addressed "To Ibni". (18-17th century BC) iv. The Ramseese II namelist at Karnak reads: "Qishon of Jabin" ... Doug Petrovich is the first person in history to translate these 16 inscriptions and it all started when he realized they were in ancient Hebrew. This refutes the previous notion that ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Church and Christians: 1 Tim ... ... unharmed, free, and overjoyed, having been rescued by both land and sea and river by the command of the king [Ptolemy IV 222-204 BC], each to their 21 previous place. ... There were many more, to be sure, but we make reference in particular to judges of civil law. Said R. Judah said R. Assi, "The civil judges who were in Jerusalem ... 6 columns as Herodium instead of the four they DID find.: Herodium: "The edifice was originally constructed as a triclinium (dining hall) in Herod's fortress palace. ... The hall was covered either by a ceiling, mainly above the benches, or by a light screen cover. The walls were plastered with stucco; a stepped miqveh was found close ... The unique Hebrew design was very different from contemporary Roman Amphitheatres and our modern churches and entertainment theatres where the view of the audience is ... Rabbi Abulafia teaches that the word lev, lamed-beit, needs to be understood as two lameds. This is because the letter beit is the second letter in the alphabet, and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Columns-Pillars-Freestanding-Antitype-Christians-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-incorporated-spiritualized-similarities-church.htm

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242 Dates for the End of the world!!! Date Setters! ... This was based (?) on Gen. 15:13 (Luther Martin, Date Setters, Guardian of Truth, Sept. 15, 1994) 435 Messiah comes; Rabbi Judah ha-Nasi (135-220) believed Messiah ... Acrostic on the end of the world, predecessor of Celano's "Dies irae," found in a ms. from Aniane (second half of the tenth century, ed. Paulin Blanc,"Nouvelle Prose ... Letter on the Hungarians that speaks of widespread apocalyptic reactions among the population, Ac primum dicendum opinionem quae innumeros tam in vestra quam in ... the world.(7) And when the last Carolingian dynasty fell with the death of King Louis V in 987, many saw this event as a precursor to the arrival of the Antichrist. ... The head is known as Rosh Satan (the head of Satan) in Hebrew. There will be one further heavenly sign: on the evening of APR-10, there will be a lunar occultation of ... Elohim City In the Cookson Hills of eastern Oklahoma lies the fortress-town of Elohim City, where about 100 heavily armed inhabitants work, pray and conduct ... ... https://www.bible.ca/pre-date-setters.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... who is the finger of God, is given in love." (Augustine to Januarius, Book 2, Letter 55, 400 AD) e. "The law was given on the day of Pentecost, and the Holy Spirit came on the day of Pentecost. ... to the largeness of each tribe. (81) So when he had cast lots, Judah had assigned him by lot the upper part of Judea reaching as far as Jerusalem, and its breadth extended to the Lake of Sodom. ... Succoth was located directly beside the mines on the Gulf of Aqaba. c. Several ancient Hebrew inscriptions found in these mines have been translated include the "Moses" inscription. Click to View 7. Mt. Sinai is due ... splendor. (Job 37:22-23) Lucifer, the king of Babylon describes God's throne as being in the far north. (Isaiah 14:13-14) Psalm 48:1-2 describes Jerusalem as being located in the "far north". ... Mampsis or Mamshit, is located 35 km SE of Beersheba, 30 km SW of Arad, 27 km west of the Salt Sea and 25 km NE of Glen Fritz's location for Kadesh Barnea, (which he puzzlingly locates deep ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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REFUTED: Full-Preterist, "Realized Eschatology", "AD 70 doctrine ... ... definition of the Hebrew word for death in Gen 2:17. The word for death in Genesis 2:17 is the common word for death used throughout the Old Testament 289 times. ... The use of command, example and inference restored that silence. Notice that in the letter sent out to the Gentiles regarding their salvation without circumcision, it ... Modern Rabbis would argue that this is not a messianic prophecy because it was fulfilled in king David and Solomon. Modern Rabbis must reject the messianic ... If modern Jewish Rabbi anti-Christian evangelists condemn how Matthew found fulfilment of messianic prophecy in Jesus of Nazareth, they must also condemn every Jew ... day of Chislev, on the 145th year, they built an abomination of desolation on the altar, and in the cities around Judah, they built altars." (1 Maccabees 1:54) d. ... In Josephus Wars 2.433-440, (Dating to 28th August AD 66) Manahem breaks into Herod's army supply room in the fortress on Masada and comes marching to Jerusalem in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Refuted-Full-Preterism-Realized-eschatology-debunked-exposed-second-coming-Parousia-rapture-destruction-Jerusalem-70AD-Doctrine-Revelation-Commentary.htm

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The Dugger-Porter Debate on Sunday as the Lord's Day ... We find Pharaoh complaining because Moses and Aaron made the children of Israel "rest" from their burdens. We find that this word "rest" is taken from the Hebrew ... Jerusalem would never have been destroyed, neither would Israel or Judah been scattered among the nations, suffering such terrible persecutions as they have been ... 66 A.D. It therefore is the day for rest and worship today. Further evidence, found in the New Testament, that God has not changed by giving another day, in the ... This is clearly shown in verse 4 in which we are told that the king of Egypt said: "Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, let the people from their works? Get you unto ... It is not in the letter but in the spirit that counts, for the letter killeth but the Spirit giveth life. Salvation is not won by dead works, but it is through the ... The fact remains that Paul ordered Christians to perform this religious service on the first day of the week, and the argument stands as an impregnable fortress ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-debate-porter-dugger.htm

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Misidentified: "Belonging to Jotham" and "Belonging to Eliakim ... the Bible with two kings of Judah: a. "Belonging to Jotham" (now misidentified and wrong national association being Edomite not Hebrew) b. "Belonging to Eliakim servant of Jehoiachin"(now misidentified) 3. In fact, I had highlighted one for close to a decade, "Here is the signet ring of Jotham... the same King Jotham in the Bible! a. I had said: "One of the valuable finds that confirms the Bible is as signet ring used to seal documents with this inscription on it: "Belonging to Jotham". King of Judah: 2 Ki 15:32-38; 2 Chron 27:1-9" 4. To make matters worse, I searched my library and found 15 different reference books that wrongly used "Belonging to Jotham" and 0 that questioned it. ... This argument about their stratigraphic dating spanned half a century,' and it was not settled until David Ussishkin's excavation of Lachish Level III. This stratum at Lachish corresponds approximately to the levels at Tell Beit Mirsim and Beth Shemesh in which the Eliakim-steward-of-Yokan jar handles were ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Belonging-to-Eliakim-servant-of-Jehoiachin-belonging-to-Jotham-misidentified.htm

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Jehoiakim, King of Judah 609-598 BC seals, bulla They're Digging ... Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Introduction: 1. After Josiah, three of his sons were king of Judah: a. "The sons of Josiah were Johanan the firstborn, and the second was Jehoiakim (succeeded Shallum), the third ... It is sickening and sad that the righteous Josiah was unable to transmit his message of "back to the Bible" to any of his children or grandchildren who were kings. i. Both Josiah and Jehoiachin had sons named (Mattaniah) Zedekiah, however 2 Kings 24:18 uses the specific Hebrew ... And they brought Uriah from Egypt and led him to King Jehoiakim, who slew him with a sword and cast his dead body into the burial place of the common people." (Jeremiah 26:20-23) Archeology has provided a stunning confirmation of this story in Jeremiah! The Lachish Ostraca ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Jehoiakim-Eliakim-king-judah-Jeremiah-36-burnt-scroll-2ki23-33-bible-burner-satan-609-598bc.htm

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Ein Haseva Fortress: One of Solomon's network of military border ... ... "Diggers retrieved a complete handmade Negbite cooking-pot, made of rather coarse ware and exhibiting very crude manufacturing, from the southeastern room of this fortress. Negbite ware has been found at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1939:13f; 1940:17f; Pratico 1985:23f) and in all three fortresses uncovered at Kadesh-Barnea ... "Stratum 6: Credit for the initial construction of the fortress at 'En Haseva (Stratum 6) must go to Solomon. Accepting the identification of En Haseva with Tamar (Aharoni 1963) joins it to the list of sites mentioned in 1 Kgs 9:17-18 as built by the king.9 The Stratum 6 fortress would have been part of the fortress settlement network set up by ... He defeated the Edomites in the Valley of Salt, in the northern Arabah, and then went on to conquer Sela (2 Kgs 14:7), renaming it Joktheel, and settling descendants from the Tribe of Judah there. Was it from this fortress that he set out against the Edomites? Or was the fortress built during the reign of Amaziah's son ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-haseva.htm

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Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times and Lands Adullam (T.Sh.Madhkur) Aenon (Onomast. 40.1) Ai, Khirbet-el-maqatir Aijalon (t.Yalu) Al Kuntillet Anathoth (Ras el-Kharrubeh) Antipatris, Aphek in Sharon (fortress) (Tell Ras el-Ain) Aphek of Aram (fortress) Aphek of Asher (fortress) Aphekah of Judah fortress (Kh. el Hadab) Arad Aram Archelaus (Kh. Awja et-Tahtani) Aroer (tell Ara ir) Arubboth (Khirbet el-Hamam) Arumah (Kh.el-Ormah) Ashdod (Azotus) Ashkelon Ashtaroth (Tel Ashtarah) Ataroth (Khirbet Atarus) Ataroth (Tell el-Mazar) Azekah Bashan, Batanea Beer ... Nuweiba (misidentified as Red Sea Crossing) Ophrah Ophrah (et-Taiyibeh) Penuel, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Petra, Sela, Joktheel Phasaelis (Kh. Fasayil) Pirathon (Farata) Ptolemais (Acco) Qum'ran Qurayyah: Midianite Pottery kiln 1400-1200 BC. Midianite pottery has been found at Al Bad, Timna, Elat and Jezirat Faraun. Raamses (Tanis) Rabbah: Captial of Ammon (Philadelphia) Ramah, Naioth: Samuel's tomb & school) Ramoth-Gilead (Tell Ramith) Raphia Riblah 104 km, 11 degrees N. (Tadmor) ... ... https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index.htm

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Coins of Hezekiah Persian Governor of Judea: 350-333BC II. Two Persian coins of Judean governor Hezekiah 1. HEZEKIAH'S EARLY PERSIAN COIN: a. 350 - 333 BC is the time when this coin was minted under Persian authority. b. This coin simply features the word "Hezekiah" in a Hebrew script. c. There are ... Amaziah king of Judah: "and they buried him with his fathers in the city of Judah" (769 B.c.E.). The "city of Judah" is certainly Jerusalem, the burial place of the kings of Judah. A similar appellation is also known from a Babylonian chronicle from the seventh year of Nebuchadnezzar' s reign: al Ia-a-khu-du = the city of Judah (599 B.c.E.).26 Moreover, it is evident that the Persian satrapy of Samaria was call "S'MRYN," as was the city Samaria. A clear expression of this is to be found in a ... Driven by a lust for conquest, he had little interest in administering his new territories and exercised almost no supervision over the satraps he appointed to govern in his place. Aramaic ostraca from Idumaea demonstrate that the system of tax ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-Yehezqiyah-Hezekiah-governor-judea-350-333BC.htm

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The Amarna Letters and tablets 1406 - 1340 BC. Conquest of Joshua ... ... Of the two spellings, these Bible haters even chose the spelling of Apiru as opposed to Habiru, because it looks and sound UNLIKE Hebrew. Let the Christian be quite reassured with no doubts, that the Amarna tablets are about the Hebrews ... A [Second] clay tablet found at Hazor in 1992 also mentions a king named Jabin (Horowitz and Shaffer 1992). Dating to the 18th-17th centuries BC, it is addressed to "Ibni [...]." Again, the name "Ibni" corresponds to Jabin/Yabin in the Bible. It is possible that this is the same Ibni referred to in the Mari tablets. This cannot be confirmed or denied, however, since the Hazor tablet is not precisely dated and, in addition, the last part of the name is missing. The letter was written by an appointee of the king ... A broader date for the Amarna tablets is 1404 - 1340 BC (64 years). They cannot be any earlier than the beginning of the conquest of the Judah (1404 BC) or any later when Amarna was destroyed in the second year of King Tut (1340 BC). These ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-amarna-tablets-letters-akhenaten-habiru-abiru-hebrews-1404-1340bc.htm

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A Note on an Inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud, Debra Chase Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, No. 246. (Spring, 1982), pp. 63-67. (A Note on an Inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud, Debra A. Chase, 1982 AD) Introduction In 1975-76 several Hebrew and Phoenician inscriptions were discovered in a fortress-like structure at Kuntillet Ajrud (Kuntillet Quraiyah) in the northern Sinai. Numerous reports on the finds have appeared, but the most ... The idiomatic PN1 slh 111m PN2 appears in `Arad Letters 16, 21, 40 (partially restored)," and in Murabbacit Letter 17,19 as well as in an Aramaic ostracon from Elephantine.20 In several instances this salutation is coupled with a blessing in the same manner noted in the text of the cAjral pithos.21 .flm (Hebrew)/ §' §/m (Aramaic), a comparable idiom, is widely attested in Aramaic letters,22 as well as in `Arad Letter 18. The phrase also appears in biblical Hebrew as a greeting in non-epistolary contexts.23 The form found in line 3 of the cAjral ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-inscription-from-kuntillet-ajrud-debra-chase-1982ad.htm

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Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of Ashurbanipal/Osnappar: Alliance ... ... details found in Prism C. For example, while Prism A reference the military allegiance of the 22 kings in the first campaign to Egypt against Pharaoh Tirhakah, only Prism C lists the individual kings and most importantly, only Prism C names Manasseh king of Judah on line ii 27'. c. Prism C is incomplete even after the 6 fragments are composited, but it is the only place in all of the inscriptions of Ashurbanipal lists Manasseh king of Judah on line ii 27'. d. Only once did Ashurbanipal name Manasseh on any of his steles, prisms, or cylinders on Prism C. For Bible students this proves what you read in the Book you find in the ground! e. Although scripture never names Ashurbanipal, he was very influential in shaping the Hebrew nation. ... Manasseh declared independence from Ashurbanipal and helped Psamtik I (Psammetichus I) defeat Nubia by sending troops. See: Letter of Aristeas 13, 250 BC. Gyges, king of Lydia sent troops to Psamtik I in assistance see Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Rassam-Prism-A-C-Ashurbanipal-King-Assyria-Manasseh-Judah-Alliance-Taharqa-Tirhakah-Necho-II-Tanutamon-Psammetichus-I-Pharaoh-Egypt-667BC.htm

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King Jeroboam tel dan high place altar 1340-723 BC. They're Digging ... Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Jeroboam, King of Israel 931-910 BC Divided Kingdom Period: Israel: 931-723 BC; Judah: 931-587 BC The Satan King who sowed "Tares" See also: 1. Hazael Victory Stele with the "House of David" ... And his mother said, "Blessed be my son by the Lord."" (Judges 17:2) Although Jeroboam was anointed king over the 10 northern tribes "Israel" by the prophet Ahijah in 1 Kings 11:29, no king in Hebrew history caused more spiritual destruction to the people of God than ... at Tel Dan, Avraham Biran, BAR 24:05, 1998 AD) "If you look at Avraham Biran's book Biblical Dan, you will find that this structure is depicted in Illustrations 143 and 149. It is indeed interpreted as the earlier altar of Jeroboam I (Stratum IVA) or of Ahab (Stratum III). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-laish-leshem-micah-Jonathan-jeroboams-king-of-israel-high-place-altar-temple-1340-723bc.htm

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796 BC: Omri Stele inscription of Adad-Nirari III (810-783) found ... ... the settlement cannot be too much earlier." (Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, Vol. 6, No. 56, p10, 2006 AD) Ben-hadad III king of Aram (son of Hazael) is named "Mari" in three stele of Adad-nirari III: Rimah Joash conquest stele Saba'a conquest stele Omri-land conquest stele "Mari" is a title of the kings of Aram applied to both Ben Hadad III on the Omri-land stele and his father of Hazael in other inscriptions. Detailed outline on Hazael, king of Aram and the "House of David" Stele found at tel Dan. This archeological object directly confirms a specific bible story where God sent Assyrian king Adad-Nirari III to deliver Israel from Ben-Hadad III (king of Arad at Damascus, son of Hazael) in 2 Kings 13:5. "So the anger ... "The Lord gave Israel a deliverer [Adad-Nirari III, king of Assyria], so that they escaped from under the hand of the Arameans; and the sons of Israel lived in their tents as formerly." (2 Kings 13:5) "In the twenty-third year of King Joash son of Ahaziah of Judah, Jehoahaz ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Omri-land-stele-Amurru-Tyre-Sidon-Jehoash-Joash-Israel-Samaria-Edom-Palestine-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Damascus-Calah-Nimrod-796bc.htm

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Quattuordecim (XIV): Ezra Translated the Paleo-Hebrew manuscripts ... 587 BC and after the decree of Cyrus to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple in 536 BC and after the decree of Artaxerxes II to rebuild the city walls in 458 BC the Jewish world that Ezra the scribe found himself in had changed dramatically. ... We call it the "Quattuordecim" since 14 men did the translation work. It was still native Hebrew language not Aramaic language, he simply substituted the Aramaic alphabet for the Paleo-Hebrew letter for letter, sound for sound. When he was done, only ... to help Ezra rebuild the Jerusalem temple in 533 BC. Here are their exact words: "Let us build with you, for we, like you, seek your God; and we have been sacrificing to Him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assyria, who brought us up here." ... He burned the house of the Lord, the king's house and all the houses of Jerusalem; even every large house he burned with fire." (Jeremiah 52:12-13) e. "You [Cyrus] also vowed to rebuild the temple which the Edomites set on fire when Judah was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Quattuordecim-Ezra-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Paleo-Hebrew-Masoretic-Aramaic-square-corrupted-deliberate-anti-Samaritan-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Joshuas-Altar-458BC.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ ... hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" that is, "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?"" (Matthew 27:46) b. When the Jews cast lots in 73 AD to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found including the leader, ben Ya'ir (Eleazar ben Ya'ir). VI. Aramaic was the working language of the Jerusalem Temple priests: This was the first Temple of YHWH outside Judea: Elephantine in 530 BC See Full outline on YHWH temple at Elephantine History of the Elephantine Temple: The Jewish fortress of Elephantine likely dates back to Manasseh (667 BC) and later fortified by Zedekiah in 593 BC and the based upon all the evidence, the YHWH temple was constructed within 10 years after the decree of Cyrus in 536 BC. In 667 BC Manasseh sent troops with 21 other kings under the command of Ashurbanipal's (king of Assyria) campaign against Egypt and Nubia (Ethiopians). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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Judean Governors, Procurtors and Prefects time of Jesus, first ... ... One of the inscriptions reads: "That which Qaynu, son of Gashmu, king of Qedar, brought in offering to Han-Ilat." An analysis of the bowls and their inscriptions has led scholars to conclude that the Gashmu mentioned in the inscription is the very same Gashmu (or Geshem) mentioned in Nehemiah 2:19, 6:1,2,6." (Gashmu, Nehemiah's Adversary , Bible and Spade, Vol 1, No 3, p82, 1972 AD) Bagohi: The sixth governor: 409 BC Archeology has found the Persian Elephantine Papyus with "Bagohi the satrap of Judah" and "Sanballat satrap of Samaria" in the text of the same "Temple Papyri" letter. This is the only reference to Bagohi we have and we would not know about him if we did not have the 28 Elephantine Papyrus ... Hezekiah as the governor: "YHZQKYH HPHH" (Yehezqiyah the Satrap) (Meshorer: Coins 22-23); Others, like this one, "YHZQYH" (Yehezqiyah) (Meshorer: Coins 24-26) only mention Hezekiah without the PHH (Hebrew: Peheh) See the page on Yehezqiyah "Hezekiah" for more details on his coin! ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Coins-Judean-Governors-Satraps-Procurators-Prefects-Jesus-Herod-Antipas-Philip-Archelaus-Pilate-Agrippa-Felix-Festus-587BC-66AD.htm

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Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies The way of the Spies and Hormah Hormah = Zephath Judges 1:17 "Then Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanites living in Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. So the name of the city was called Hormah." Judges 1:17 The location of Hormah: Zepeta: "After a further journey of two hours and a half in a south-westerly direction, he found some ruins, which the Arabs called Zepâta. ... figures, Iron Age walls, gates and an altar, and a Roman fortress. Dig directors Tali Erickson of the Israel Antiquities Authority, Mark Shipp of Austin College and Craig Bowman of Rochester College will focus on the Iron Age walls this season. Tamar is one of the few sites where volunteers can dig for a single day. The references to Arad, Hormah, and the Way of the Atharim have provided biblical ... (or early Iron I), many modern commentators have taken the reference to a King of Arad as a later gloss in the text based on Josh 12:14.2 Alternative suggestions have been made to solve this dilemma. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm

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Bulla of Gemariah son of Shaphan (Jeremiahs scribe: Bible Clay ... Bulla of Gemariah son of Shaphan (Jeremiah's scribe) Bible Bullae from Israel and Judah Bulla of Gemariah son of Shaphan (Jeremiah's scribe) "Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!!" ... Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah after the king had burned the scroll and the words which Baruch had written at the dictation of Jeremiah, saying," (Jeremiah 36:25-27) II. Gemariah the son of Shaphan: Jer 36:10-27 605 BC burning of Jeremiah's scroll 1. This is the third of the most important clay seals because it was found as part of an official archeological dig in the city of David in ... in Locus 967 in Area G. This is the "first time that so large a group of easily legible Hebrew sealings has come to light in a controlled excavation, in a clear stratigraphic context and ... It is part of a hoard of 51 bullae, the only collection of bullae ever found in a stratified context in Israel. The bullae were uncovered in stratum 10, the level sealed by the Babylonian conquest, so ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Gemariah-son-of-Shaphan-burning-of-scroll-Jer-36-10-27-605bc.htm

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Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria ... days and seven more days, even fourteen days." 1 Kings 8:65 -"David also defeated Hadadezer king of Zobah as far as Hamath, as he went to establish his rule to the Euphrates River." 1 Chronicles 18:3 These two parallel verses show us the two spellings of Solomon's town: Tamar and Tadmor. Tamar in the wilderness of Judah (Note that the words, "of Judah" are not in the original Hebrew and many translations do not add them.) Tadmor in the wilderness "so Solomon rebuilt Gezer) and Lower Beth-horon and ... support Aharoni's proposal to identify the site, which was a major fortress on the south-eastern frontier of the Judaean Kingdom, both with biblical Tamar (Ezek 47:19; 48:28) and with Tamara mentioned in the Roman and Byzantine sources cited. ... ... This further complicates matters. The excavations at Ein Haseva have not uncovered the name Tamara or Thamara or Tamar. It is clear that "(Stratum 6)" of Ein Haseva was one of the border fortresses built by Solomon. There are a series of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC Introduction: 1. Masada was founded by Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BC) probably in 78 BC a. Masada (Aramaic "metsad" = fortress) 2. There are two occupation phases for the synagogue at Masada: 78 BC - ... Two rows of columns: 3 columns on south row, 2 columns on north row 7. Fragments of Genesis, Deuteronomy, Leviticus, Psalms and Ezekiel were found in the room in the northern corner of the Synagogue. ... Almost all dates in most published scholastic works have an error of about three weeks. 3. The Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd (2018 AD) utilizes the Parker and Dubberstein Hebrew to ... of this place employed the care of king Herod to a great degree" (Josephus, Wars of the Jews 7.285) 2. It is most improbable that a HIGH PRIEST would not build a synagogue on the summit of Masada. ... of the Hebrew Song of the Sabbath Sacrifice." (Lexham Bible Dictionary, Masada, 2016 AD) 6. "Masada provides us with the earliest Greek and Latin papyri, ostraca and tituli picti from Palestine. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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Seals, Bulla, Documents, Pottery & Antitypical New Testament ... ... "Then Jeremiah took another scroll and gave it to Baruch the son of Neriah, the scribe, and he wrote on it at the dictation of Jeremiah all the words of the book which Jehoiakim king of Judah had burned in the fire; and many similar words were added to them." (Jeremiah 36:32) ... there was much money in the chest, the king's scribe and the high priest came up and tied it in bags and counted the money which was found in the house of the Lord." (2 Kings 12:10) "Joah the son of Asaph the recorder" (2 Kings 18:18) "Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to King Artaxerxes" (Ezra 4:8-9) "Then the king's scribes were summoned and it was written just as Haman commanded to the king's satraps, to the ... pens were kept, and hollowed places in which the ink was put, generally two-for black and red ink ... the Hebrew word [qeset] was an Egyptian loan word gst(y) 'writing outfit' " (G. R. Driver, Semitic Writing, rev. ed. [London: Oxford University Press, 1954], p. 86, pl. 31.1). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-seals-clay-bulla-scribes-inkwells-quills-papyrus-documents-scriptorium-antitype-assurance-salvation-Christ.htm

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690-570 BC: Egyptian Pharaohs of Babylonian Captivity: Tirhakah ... ... Jeremiah prophesied the destruction of Amon at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar (Jer 46:25). Bible verses: 701 BC: "Then Rabshakeh returned and found the king of Assyria [Sennacherib] fighting against Libnah, for he had heard that the king had left Lachish. When he heard them say concerning Tirhakah king of Cush, "Behold, he has come out to fight against you [Sennacherib]," he sent messengers again to Hezekiah saying, "Thus you shall say to Hezekiah king of Judah, 'Do not let your God in whom you trust ... Psammetichus II won a victory in Nubia in 593 with the help of Judean troops (Letter of Aristeas, 3; Freedy-Redford, p. 476). Following up this victory, Psammetichus organized a triumphal visit to Phoenicia-Palestine in 592, which cannot but ... Moses was the adopted son of these Pharaohs: MOSES, ThutMOSES II (adopted father), ThutMOSES III (adopted brother) d. Pharaoh who killed Hebrew children: Amunhotep I: 1532-1511 BC e. Pharaoh's Daughter who adopted Moses: Hatshepsut: 1526 BC f. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Egyptian-Pharaohs-kings-Psammetichus-I-Neco-II-Psamtik-II-Hophra-Apries-babylonian-captivity-Nebuchadnezzar-Josiah-Zedekiah-664-570BC.htm

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Timna ; 'Likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities of Hadarezer [King of Zobah], brought David very much brass, wherewith Solomon made the brazen sea, and the pillars and the vessel of brass." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) A much larger copper mining operation is located at Khirbat en-Nahas, located 38 km north of Petra that the Egyptians never mined at. This site has a fortress built by Solomon. ... first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) The pottery finds at Timna are almost identical to those found at Jezirat Faraun. ... If you look at the map, you can see the yellow dotted line that represents the southern boundary of Judah. Click to View When Israel took possession of the promised land in 1406 BC, the Kenites ... this pottery is to be found." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) In 1991, J. Gunneweg worked with the The Hebrew University and the University of Bonn to do a Neutron Activation Analysis of pottery. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm

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