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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... ... Barnea may have applied to the whole Quseima district, of which another, smaller spring, Ein Qedeis, was also a part. 6M. Dothan, "The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea," Israel Exploration Journal 15 (1965): 134-51. 7B. Rothenberg, Timna, Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, London: Thames & Hudson, 1972, pp. 153-54, may have it as early as the 12th or I 1 th centuries; and a sherd has been found in a clear 11th-century context at Tell MAUA; so Y. Aharoni, V. Fritz, and A. Kempinski, "Vorbericht uber die Ausgrabungen auf der Ijirbet (M1 MVOS)," Zeitschrift der deutschen Pakistina-Vereins 89 (1973): 202, p I. 22:A. "Nelson Glueck, "The Third Season of Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh," Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 79 (1946): 17-18. 9"The Iron Age Pottery of the Timna` and `Amran Area," Palestine Exploration Quarterly 94 (1962): 66. 10Rothenberg, Timna, p. 117. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm

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The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ... ... The other finds of this same period include a fibula (Fig. 3) of a type well known from the end of Iron II and the Persian period (e.g., at Megiddo2° and Tel en-Nasbeh21) , and an iron utensil (a ploughshare? Pl. 31, E) . CHRONOLOGICAL SUMMARY ... Fortresses with casemate walls were built in Palestine from the 11th century to the 7th century B.C.E. From the ceramic finds, it is clear that this fortress was constructed in the 9th or 8th centuries B.C.E. Historically, this building may be attributed to Jehoshaphat, who reigned in Judah in the years 870-846 B.C.E. This king attempted to enter the Red Sea trade, appointing a governor in Edom and building protective forts along the roads in the South22. In his time, the fortress at ... nearby fields, would indicate that the fortress continued to provide stones for the surrounding inhabitants for hundreds of years to come. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm

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enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... The objectives of the present study are to provide a comparison of Early Iron Age data from both regions and to offer a synthesis of the material. Geographic Terminology The modern term "Negev" designates a much broader area than that represented by the ... Only on one group do they agree: the rectangular fortresses with towers found at Kadesh-barnea and Horvat `Uza, which are dated by their distinctive features and pottery assemblages to the 8th-7th centuries B.c.1 Fig. 1. Sites in the Negeb of ... This typology, which ignores the factor of size, lumps radically different types of structures into a single category. For example, the fortress at Horvat Rahba, which is some 75 m. in length, is included in the same group as Horvat Haluqim, which ... (Hebrew). 1972 Timna. London: Thames and Hudson. Yadin, Y. 1970 Megiddo of the Kings of Israel. The Biblical Archaeologist 33: 66-96. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #24: Letter from Zedekiah to send troops ... ... Arad ostraca #24 says, "Send 50 soldiers from Arad and 100 from Kinah under the command of Malchijah from Arad, and deliver them to the command of Elisha, commander of the Ramah-Negev fortress that is ... BC and became an extinct nation by the time Judah returned from captivity in 536 BC. "To Edom: Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah with its neighbors," says the Lord, "no one will live there, nor will a son of man reside in it." (Jeremiah 49:16-18)" (Steve Rudd, 2015 AD) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints ... Al-though the names Moladah and Malatha/Moleatha are etymologically differ-ent, in light of the similarity of the topographical data and the sound of names, Abel suggested identifying Moladah at Tel ... in the period after the borrowing of the alphabet by the Greeks, circa the tenth and ninth centuries B.C.E. Footnote 16. M. Heltzer, Some Northwest Semitic Epigraphic Gleanings from the IX-VI ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad24-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-life-and-death-matter-Eliashib-Malchijah-Elisha-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Edom-Zedekiah-597bc.htm

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Taylor Prism: Sennacherib attacks Hezekiah 701 BC Akkadian Inscription on hexagonal clay prism Discovery Colonel J. Taylor in Nebi Yunus, Mosul, 1830 AD (Unprovenanced) Current location British Museum # 91032 Bible names Hezekiah, Sennacherib, Egypt, Ekron, Timnah, Ashkelon, Gaza, Tyre, Sidon, Acco, Byblos (Gebalites), Moab, Edom Bible texts 2 Kings 18:13-19:37; Isaiah 36-37 Historic events Sennacherib attacks ... There was thus a clear, practical Kushite policy for ruling their vast twin realm effectively - and that twice over, on Assyrian and West-Semitic data that are together consistent." (The strengths and weaknesses of Egyptian chronology - A Reconsideration, Kenneth A. Kitchen, Egypt and the Levant, Vol. 16, p294, 2006 AD) c. "A Serapeum stela linking Psammetichus I to Taharqa and other ... Padi, their king who was bound by treaty and oaths (ii 75) to Assyria, into iron fetters and who had handed him over to Hezekiah of the land Judah in a hostile manner, they became frightened on account of the villainous acts they had committed. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Sennacherib-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Taylor-Chicago-Prism-Hezekiah-alliance-Tirhakah-Egypt-Jerusalem-Ekron-Moab-Edom-701BC.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC Clay Brick 858-839 BC g. Twin Bulls 840 BC h. Marble Tablets 838 BC i. Alabaster Statue 838 BC 7. Kuntillet Ajrud ostraca "Fortress in the Negev": 839 BC 8. Silver Scroll from Ketef Hinnom: 725-650 BC 9. Elisha of Ostraca found in ... The contrast of living conditions during this most ideal period of the two kingdoms of Judah and Israel are clear and plain for all to see. d. While Israel is suffering famine, Judah enjoys prosperity e. There were 25 Bible related wars between Judah, Israel, Philistines, Assyria, Aram, Edom, Moab, ... SIGN #4: COW'S VIRGIN BIRTH OF LAMB: Duration: On Passover (Nisan 14) Tuesday, 9th April AD 65 e. SIGN #5: EASTERN IRON GATE OPENED ON ITS OWN: Duration: On Passover (Nisan 14) Midnight Tuesday, 9th April AD 65 f. SIGN #6: ANGELIC ... We know this is the case because Baasha died in 886 BC, which was the 25th regnal year of Asa's reign. This simple observation solves an apparent chronological contradiction that had stumped Bible students for centuries. Details: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page be viewed in light of the fact that men before the flood began forging both bronze and Iron at the same time, thousands of years before the "Iron Age": "Tubal-cain was the forger of all implements of bronze and iron." (Genesis 4:22). ... The Bible says the earth is about 7500 years old. The scientific data supports a young earth. Keep in mind that when you read about archeological ages that date back to 12,000 - 16,000 years ago, that it is wrong! Common archeological ages are: "Kebaran": 14,000 years and older. "Mushabian": ... during the 1970s with Benno Rothenberg's and later by Gary Pratico's demolition of Nelson Glueck's concept of `Solomon's copper mines' in the Timnah Valley in the Arabah and of his identification of Ezion Geber with Tell el-Kheleifeh. ... Evaluation of these points of reference negates Finkelstein's LC (low chronology). (The Bible and Radiocarbon Dating, Thomas E. Levy, Thomas Higham, Amihai Mazar, 2005, p16, 21) So as we can see, the role of archeology can be helpful ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm

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How Petra was Built, Shaher M. Rababeh, 2005, p223-227 Conclusions The previous chapters have dealt with the surviving evidence concerning Nabataean construction techniques. Data collected were used to provide the bases for a systematic study of the building materials and to determine the ... courses of ashlar masonry walls in Petra can be attributed to regional tradition. This technique has been in use in the Levant since the Iron Age,9 but its use was restricted to small buildings and sometimes in more primitive constructions using field stones. ... Since there are no earlier Nabataean domes, the possibility of influence from elsewhere arises.40 The location of the sites with, second and third centuries AD, pendentive domes, as well as the Petra one, suggests either Egypt or Mesopotamia as ... of Nabataean construction techniques, it will have achieved one of its future aims. 39 Creswell 1989: 29. 40 McKenzie (in Orenaration). By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-how-petra-was-built-shaher-m-rababeh-2005ad.htm

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Petra, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat ... ... Scripture explicitly says that Kadesh Barnea was on the border with Edom, yet Edom first moved west of the southern Arabah valley between Elat and the Salt Sea after 605 BC at the first invasion of ... This indicates that a large continuous flow of water cut the canyon quickly. 8. Archeology has uncovered evidence an occupation of Petra of from the Early Bronze Age (Abraham: 2100 BC), Iron Age ... Ein el-Qudeirat, for example, was chosen for just this reason. Today Qudeirat is the almost universal choice of location on all Bible maps because it is the largest spring in the Sinai Peninsula for a ... The Edomites moved into the Petra area after centuries after the Hebrews abandoned the city. Kadesh Barnea was renamed Sela "rock": "But it is almost certain that of the two, "sela," like our word " ... In earlier times the gulf of 'Akabah reached farther north than it does to-day [note: Schmidt is wrong about water levels. Solomon's fortress at Elat -Tell el-kheleifeh was built on a hill 500 meters ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra.htm

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Introduction to the history of psychiatry that mad-doctoring had nothing to do with healing." (The Medicalization Of Everyday Life, Thomas Szasz, 2007 AD, p 55) Most of the "cure" or treatments were a form of torture with the purpose ... close look at the original historical data shows us that 1300 to 1700 AD, there were only two classes of those "incapable of managing their own affairs": 1. the "idiot" who was (a) born that way (i.e. ... capable of recovery ... mental status tests and etiologic concepts changed little over these centuries" (Diagnosis, Guardianship, and Residential Care of the Mentally Ill in Medieval and Early ... 1987), 8-9.) " (The Medicalization Of Everyday Life, Thomas Szasz, 2007 AD, p 62) The divorce of King Henry the 8th got himself labeled a heretic for divorcing and remarrying contrary to the Bible. ... in the public square, The Collar , The Drunkards Cloak, The Gossip's Bridle (or Brank), The Iron Maiden, The Pillory and Stocks, The Rack, The Scavenger's Daughter , The Wheel, Thumbscrews, Whipping. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-history-introduction.htm

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796 BC Al Rimah Joash Conquest Stele of Adad-Nirari III, King ... At that time I decreed for Nergal-eris, governor, the land of Hindanu." (Adad-Nirari III, Tel Al-Rimah Stele, 796 BC) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! The Rimah Joash conquest stele confirms the story of where God delivered Israel out of ... In a single year: I made the entire lands of Amurru and Hatti kneel at my feet. I imposed tribute and tax for future days upon them. He (sic) received 2000 talents of silver, 1000 talents of copper, 2000 talents of iron, 3000 multi-colored garments and (plain) linen ... But there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon and trampled the thorn bush. "You said, 'Behold, you have defeated Edom.' And your heart has become proud in boasting. Now stay at home; for why should you provoke trouble so that you, even ... The god is also mentioned in a number of biblical texts and names. In this article, the biblical material will be dealt with in conjunction with the epigraphic data from the Near East. Hadad makes his first appearance as Adad in Old Akkadian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Rimah-Conquest-Stele-Samshi-Adad-V-Shalmaneser-III-tribute-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Joash-king-Israel-Samaria-Nergal-eris-796bc.htm

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Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD ... and others, is now generally abandoned. 'Ain Qadis ("Holy Well") preserves the name Cades both in meaning and etymology, and best satisfies the scriptural data." (New Advent Catholic encyclopedia, Cades, 1917 AD) By 1916 AD, the world rejected Ein El Qedeis for Kadesh. ... The fortress Solomon built at Kades (Ein Qedeis), is located a short distance from the actual spring. Ein Qedeis is one of 50 Solomon built to protect the border against Egypt to the south and Edom to the east of the Arabah Valley. There is no archeological evidence of any ... 10th century B.C., of which two entire juglets deserve to be specially mentioned; and hand-made pottery of the "Negev" type. One phase of occupation was detected in the fortress, but to the northwest of the hill are traces of a small settlement (Rothenberg 1967: pl. 46)." (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm

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The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... G. Cities connected with the southern border of Judah: Now the cities at the extremity of the tribe of the sons of Judah toward the border of Edom in the south were Kabzeel and Eder and Jagur, and Kinah and Dimonah and Adadah, and ... Some archeologists do not believe the Bible and openly teach that David and Solomon were not even kings, but mythical figures. They also reject the entire exodus story. You can see the caution and hesitation of the few Bible ... Qudeirat was the "border town" between Egypt and Israel after 900 BC. 4. Archaeological reports about the excavations at Ein el-Quderat misidentified as Kadesh Barnea: a. "The earliest fortress on the site was erected seemingly on virgin soil in the 10th-9th centuries B.C.E. Its ground plan, as explained ... Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) b. "Notable among these evidences of early human habitation is a series of sites dating to the Iron Age. They invariably consist of some sort of fortress surrounding or adjacent to a small settlement. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm

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Lunar Eclipses at birth and death of Christ: 1 BC and 3 April ... ... NASA data shows that the partial "blood moon" eclipse of 3 April AD 33 marks the night Christ died (Friday Nisan 14) and fulfilled Joel 2:31/Acts 2:19-22 where it says "the moon will be turned to ... Bible scholars paid little or no attention to this observation, because the best astronomical calculations available at the time showed that the eclipse would not have been visible from Jerusalem. In the 20th century, however, there was a major advance in the accuracy of historical astronomical calculations, due largely to studies of the change of the earth's rate of rotation over the centuries. ... For example, the Bill Nye/Ken Ham debate was a debate on scientific facts and although every one of Nye's arguments were so obviously flawed and wrong, AIG headlined the post debate's pinnacle moment ... Comprehensive tables of normal refraction and numerical approximation formulae may be found in appropriate reference works." (Astronomy on the Personal Computer, Oliver Montenbruck, Thomas Pfleger, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/jesus-christ-died-death-cross-eclipse-red-blood-moon-sun-darkness-earthquake-bodies-raised-resurrection-temple-veil-torn-in-two-centurian-son-of-god-3-april-33AD.htm

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Prism A (Rassam) and Prism C of Ashurbanipal/Osnappar: Alliance ... Ba'alu, king of Tyre, Manasseh, king of Judah, Qa'us-gabri, king of Edom, Musuri, king of Moab, Sil-Bel, king of Gaza, Mitinti, king of Ashkelon, Ikausu, king of Ekron ... Ammi-nadbi, king of Ammon, Ahi-Milki, ... ties with Assyria and that the Lydian king Gyges (see below) had sent him troops." (Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668-631 BC), RINAP 5/I, Jamie Novotny, Joshua Jeffers, p17, 2018 AD) 4. Bible verses: a. ... There was thus a clear, practical Kushite policy for ruling their vast twin realm effectively - and that twice over, on Assyrian and West-Semitic data that are together consistent." (The strengths and weaknesses of Egyptian chronology - A Reconsideration, Kenneth A. Kitchen, Egypt and the Levant, Vol. 16, p294, 2006 AD) c. "A Serapeum stela linking ... They seized those kings and clamped (their) hands and feet in iron fetters (and) iron handcuffs. The oath (sworn) by (the god) Assur, the king of the gods, defeated them and my kindness, which I had done for them ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Rassam-Prism-A-C-Ashurbanipal-King-Assyria-Manasseh-Judah-Alliance-Taharqa-Tirhakah-Necho-II-Tanutamon-Psammetichus-I-Pharaoh-Egypt-667BC.htm

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Prism A Esarhaddon captures & deports Manasseh king of Judah ... "I summoned the kings of Hatti and Across the River (Syria-Palestine): (v 55) Ba'alu, king of Tyre, Manasseh, king of Judah, Qa'us-gabri, king of Edom, Musuri, king of Moab, Sil-Bel, king of Gaza, Mitinti, king of ... the time of the Babylonian Captivity. 7. Josiah the chosen one: 640-609 BC 8. Jehoiakim the bible burner: 609-598 BC 9. Zedekiah the last hope: 597-587 BC Introduction: 1. Importance of Prism A of Esarhaddon: a. ... There was thus a clear, practical Kushite policy for ruling their vast twin realm effectively - and that twice over, on Assyrian and West-Semitic data that are together consistent." (The strengths and weaknesses of Egyptian chronology - A Reconsideration, Kenneth A. Kitchen, Egypt and the Levant, Vol. 16, p294, 2006 AD) c. "A Serapeum stela linking ... name of your own god on theirs to show superiority: "(Lines iv 1-16) (As for) the city Adumutu, the fortress of the Arabs, which Sennacherib, king of Assyria, (my) father, who engendered me, conquered and whose ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Esarhaddon-Hexagonal-prism-A-Manasseh-king-of-Judah-Ammon-Moab-Edom-Gaza-Ashkelon-Ekron-Ammon-Ashdod-build-palace-Nineveh-673bc.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... ... Egypt was independent] our forefathers built that temple in the Elephantine fortress and when Cambyses [the Persian ruler who conquered Egypt in 525 B.C.E.] entered Egypt, he found that temple built." ... These data could certainly be interpreted as indicating that the temple was rebuilt and back in operation, but this is not the only possibility (e.g. the lot where the temple had once stood-even if ... in stages, and published by A. H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley (1906) and E. Sachau (1911)." (Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, Elephantine Papyri, 1987 AD) II. How papyrus legal documents were secured: 1. "Unlike ... Some fled to foreign countries of Moab, Ammon and Edom: "Likewise, also all the Jews who were in Moab and among the sons of Ammon and in Edom and who were in all the other countries, heard that the ... According to correspondence with the priests in Jerusalem, the destruction was caused by priests of the Egyptian ram god Khnum-to whom a temple was built on Elephantine during the 18th-19th centuries ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... He who obtains this Part One will have a library of material on Catholicism possessed by comparatively few. And he who studies the data will more clearly see and be able to teach others more ... To that I dedi-cated my life early, and I have never consciously deviated from that early resolution. I shall not deviate from it in this meet-ing. Our slogan is: "Plain Bible Preaching." I stand ... BULWARKS OF THE FAITH covenant, the name of Jehovah; marvelous works wrought by priest and prophets of Old Testament ages, and achieve-ments of faith during the centuries when Christianity was being ... But it is their practice, not a slogan, that has divided the church. The slogan to which they refer, as worded by Thomas Campbell while he was yet a Presbyterian, was incidental; but the same ... shall rule the whole world, in universal sway of power by "the rod of iron," and thus coerce into submission and obedience the unwilling subjects of this supposed earthly government of Jesus Christ. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted ... A chariot scene from the tomb of Ken-Amun (dated to the reign of Amenhotep II) shows a partially obliterated chariot. Four-spoked wheels are invariably depicted with the spokes in a 12, 6, 3, and 9 o'clock position, ... simple: Send 50 soldiers from Arad and 100 from Kinah under the command of Malchijah from Arad, and deliver them to the command of Elisha, commander of the Ramah-Negev fortress that is under Edomite attack OR DIE. f. ... The archaeological record refutes the fiction that the border of Edom was in the Negev near Ain el-Qudeirat at the time of the Exodus. This means that the location of Kadesh Barnea on most Bible maps is wrong. 39. The Negev of Judah was bounded by the Salt Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Wadi El-Arish. Advocates of Kadesh Barnea at Qudeirat ... Correcting his two charts onto the same 1:1 scale, his slopes are almost a perfect match to what Rudd calculated for both Nuweiba and Tiran. Fritz's problem was not in his data, but his misleading presentation of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... ... She suggested two pre-pottery phases, designated Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB). These were followed by a settlement gap that lasted several centuries. Later, two ... In addition, the comparative data on burnt bones suggests a slightly higher (though not significant) frequency at Mount Ebal than that expected from a bone sample of this size. All of these features ... by a settlement. In the early Iron Age I some of its stones were robbed. In a later phase of the Iron Age I, during construction work on the mound, a Late Bronze Age favissa was found and removed to ... The site of Basta is located in the southern Levant near the famous Nabatean site of Petra (Jordan), about 12 km south-south east of Wadi Musa. It lies at 1420-1460 m above sea level in a ... explain a number of unique features of a unique population in a unique period of history. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... Instead, Gordon Franz broadened the geographic definition of Arabia beyond Saudi Arabia so that Mt. Sinai could be located almost anywhere in the levant from the Nile delta, through the Sinai ... is inside the promised land, in spite of the fact that this is where every map in the back of every Bible wrongly marks Kadesh Barnea. The LXX translators anachronistic updated these four passages: a. ... Agrippa created a map of the world just before the Birth of Christ in 2 BC. This map was widely circulated for centuries but none have survived. His cartographic work is referenced no less than 87 ... Josephus referred to the Nabateans only 10 times and equated them with Arabia (Antiquities 1.220-221). He never refers to the Nabateans as Idumeans even though the historic territory of Edom was fully ... He not only shifts time, but all known pottery assemblages together with it. For example, Ramesses II (LBIII, 1250 BC) becomes Shishak who destroyed Jerusalem (Iron IIA, 925 BC). With the Rohl ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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Mad-Doctors: William Battie: 1703-1776 AD ... This attitude prevails today in modern psychiatry. "The idea that insanity is due to "nervous exhaustion," a fatigue of the brain or nervous system, best treated by rest, has a long history." (Coercion as Cure, Thomas Szasz, 2007 AD, p 105) Battie ... The science of psychiatry today, is in fact identical to the mad doctors of Bedlam in 1750 AD. Today's psychiatrists have no more idea about the etiology or cure of mental illness then their mad doctor colleagues three centuries before them. ... natural firmness by the astringent virtues of the Peruvian Bark, iron, vitriol [a sulfate of any of various metals: copper, iron, or zinc. "Geritol" is the modern version of this treatment and they were sued in the 1950's for making false claims.], ... Robinson, 1729 AD) Click to View See also: History of Psychiatry homepage By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Send us your story about your experience with modern Psychiatry Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-history-mad-doctors-william-battie-1703-1776ad.htm

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Seder Olam Rabbah modern Jewish calendar English pdf free online ... The use of the Greek proschema (ornament), a term applied in classical literature to other impregnable fortress cities, suggests that Antipas fortified the city in the process (Miller 1984:57). Little ... "Tiberias was paganized by the emperor Hadrian, who put down the Second Jewish Revolt in a.d. 135, but in the second and third centuries the city became an important center of Jewish rabbinical study. ... In the fifth century a.d. the Palestinian Talmud was largely compiled in Tiberias, and in the seventh century it was the center of Masoretic work on the text of the Hebrew Bible. In the opinion of ... This was in the fortieth year, on the first of the month of Nisan'. At that time (v.14) "Moses sent messengers from Kadesh to the king of Edom." Israel stayed there for three months . (Num. 33:38) ... Then Ebiatar was removed and Zadoq replaced him and they returned the Ark to its place. But the Tabernacle that Moses had made in the desert, the copper alter made by Bezalel, the candelabra, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Seder-Olam-Rabbah-full-text-PDF-Free-Online-Chronology-modern-Jewish-calendar-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Rabbinical-Judaism-160AD.htm

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Cosmic Consciousness, Richard Maurice Bucke, 1901 AD ... age of about three years, made its appearance in the race certainly more than a thousand centuries ago, while the musical sense, which does not appear in the individual before adolescence or ... Here, however, the text and gloss are presented in parallel columns. The effect, whether intended or not, is that of an annotated edition of the Bible. In the exegesis of the lines he mentions, Bucke ... up a little) to the next room-then thoroughly clean up and new paper his present room-put a new (iron) bedstead into it and a good set of linen and all necessaries. [-] Put him back into it and ... The author and publisher welcome any information enabling them to rectify any reference or credit in subsequent editions. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Rechnitzer, Peter R.M. Bucke ... With Whitman's death in 1892, Bucke was an honorary pallbearer and a literary executor of the estate, along with two other personal - friends of the poet, Thomas B. Harned and Horace L. Traubel. Bucke ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/cosmic-consciousness-richard-maurice-bucke-1901ad.htm

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Anatomy of an Epidemic, Robert Whitaker, 2010 AD ... This was yet another disturbing finding, and it prompted Yale psychiatrist Thomas McGlashan, who three decades earlier had wondered whether antipsychotics were making patients "more biologically ... "The illness has been altered," said Goodwin, who in 1990 coauthored the first edition of his text Manic-Depressive Illness, which is considered the bible in the field. Today "we have a lot more rapid ... more episodes, more treatment resistance, more cognitive dysfunction, and there is data showing that if you have four depressive episodes, unipolar or bipolar, it doubles your late-risk of dementia. ... A plan of this kind, with a strict attention to diet, is a much more rational method of cure, than confining the patient within doors, and plying him with medicines. fn 17 Two centuries later, British ... this would be considered unethical. "I've been told, 'If your child had a disease, would you deny your child medication that helped him get better?' " said Seneca Center founder and CEO Ken Berrick. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/anatomy-of-an-epidemic-robert-whitaker-2010ad1.htm

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Papyrus Anastasi 4 and 6 Shasu Pithom Goshen Lake, tribes of ... "Another piece of information for my lord is that we have just let the Shasu [Bedouin] tribes of Edom pass the Fortress of Merneptah-hetephermaat, LPH, of Tjeku, to the lakes of Pithom of Merneptah-hetephermaat, of Tjeku, in order to revive themselves and revive their flocks from the great life force of Pharaoh" (Papyrus Anastasi VI, COS 3.5) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! "Lakes of Pithom" in Goshen "We have finished letting the Bedouin tribes of Edom pass the Fortress." Detailed outline on Edom. Introduction: The Papyrus Anastasi VI ... I would venture to translate this loanword, as in the Arabic "birka," as a lake, and thus a larger body of water, as paleogeographic studies have shown for the western portion of Wadi Tumilat." (On the Historicity of the Exodus: What Egyptology Today Can Contribute to Assessing the Biblical Account of the Sojourn in Egypt, Manfred Bietak, Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective, Editor-Thomas E. Levy, p21, fn 14, 2015 AD) Papyrus ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-edomites-Papyrus-Egyptian-Anastasi-VI-Shasu-tribes-of-Edom-Pharaoh-Merneptah-Succoth-1205bc.htm

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The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... ... Some of the fortresses are (1) roughly oval in plan; others are (2) rectangular but with unequal sides; still others are (3) square; finally, two of the fortresses are (4) rectangular but with outcropping towers at the corners and sides. Let us put aside the fourth category because the two fortresses with outcropping towers at their corners and sides date from the eighth to the sixth centuries B.C., considerably later in the Iron Age than the other three fortress plans; these other three are not only earlier, but contemporaneous. ... But the existence of three basic plans does not contradict my basic thesis that the network in its entirety was notably short-lived, not enduring more than a half-century at most. The three different shapes may be reflected in different words for fortresses used in the Bible. Professor Benjamin Mazar has suggested a relationship between the oval fortresses and the Biblical expression atarot. This word refers to a fortified city or encampment and appears either ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... Jehoiakim | Zedekiah | Nico II | Solomon's Temple | Edomite invasion into Judah Ostraca, Tablets and Inscriptions of the Bible Click to View Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean ... The new citadel stood only about a decade. In 597, while Nebuchadnezzar's army was invading Judah from the north, the fortress was captured and destroyed again, apparently by raiders from Edom. The excavators of Arad found over a hundred Hebrew inscriptions and ostraca, most of them fragmentary, dating from the ninth century to the early sixth century b.c.e." (Ancient Aramaic ... Three more Hebrew ostraca were found in 1976. As indicated by paleography and archaeological context, the Hebrew ostraca come from the 10th-6th centuries, the Aramaic from the 5th-4th centuries, the Greek from the 1st-2d centuries c.e., and the Arabic from the 7th-9th centuries c.e." (ABD, Arad Ostraca) "The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... Kadesh Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat) A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom Rudolph Cohen The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD The Site Biblical Tradition Kadesh-barnea's importance in the history of the Jewish people derives primarily from its ... Early in this century, a general scholarly consensus emerged, identifying Kadesh-barnea with Tell el-Qudeirat, located in the fertile valley watered by the spring of 'Ain el-Qudeirat. In the Bible, Kadesh-barnea, also known as Enmishpat, "The Spring ... It was from Kadesh that Moses sent twelve men to spy out the land (Num. 13:26), and messengers to the king of Edom to request passage through his territory (Num. 20:14). The abundance of water at the Kadesh-barnea oasis is connected with a miracle ... In 1956, Dothan conducted excavations at the site, and was able to clarify many details connected with the ground plan of the fortress. Dothan ascribed its construction to the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. (during the reign of Jehoshaphat), and its ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... Arad ostraca #24 says, "Send 50 soldiers from Arad and 100 from Kinah under the command of Malchijah from Arad, and deliver them to the command of Elisha, commander of the Ramah-Negev fortress that is under Edomite attack." See: Arad Ostracon #24 Letter from ... Jerusalem and Solomon's temple in 587 BC and became an extinct nation by the time Judah returned from captivity in 536 BC. "To Edom: Like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah with its neighbors," says the Lord, "no one will live there, nor will a son of man reside in it." (Jeremiah 49:16-18)" (Steve Rudd, 2015 AD) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites ... Tel Malhata is identified with Malatha, an Idumean fortress in the late Second Temple period and later a fort garri-soned. Al-though the names Moladah and Malatha/Moleatha are etymologically differ-ent, in light of the similarity of the topographical data and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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The True Mount Hor, Jebel Maderah. George L. Robinson, The Biblical ... I. THE BIBLICAL DATA Mt. Hor is alluded to in Scripture in three separate contexts as the scene of Aaron's death: Num. 20:22-21:4; 3337-39; and 4 Libbey and Hoskins' remark (The Jordan Valley and Petra, 1go5, Vol. II, pp. 243, 244) that "travelers who have visited both locations have little hesitation in affirming that this peak in Edom (Jebel Nebi Haroun) more perfectly fulfils all the requirements of the Bible narrative," has no basis whatever in fact. Their own state-ment, indeed, that Jebel Nebi Haroun is a "peak in Edom," is in itself a sufficient refutation of this conclusion. 86 THE TRUE MOUNT HOR PROFESSOR GEORGE L. ROBINSON, D.D. McCormick Theological Seminary, ... Thirteen steps descend to the cave or grotto underneath (about 14 ft. long, 5 ft. broad, and 71 ft. high) at the end of which suspended from a pole hang the two leaves of an iron grating which formerly prevented all nearer approach to the tomb of the prophet. A ragged 16 For example: OD1= T1-tread; cf. U-6rkick. ADD= ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-true-mount-hor-the-biblical-world-george-l-robinson-1908ad.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Top Plans: Qumran 100 BC Qum'ran Synagogue Home of the Dead Sea Scrolls 1. History of Qumran: a. "Qumran first came to life in the Late Iron II period, probably as an military outpost of the Judean monarchy. The site's deepest and sole round cistern dates to that era. After centuries of abandonment, the site was re-built during the Hellenistic period. While the extent of the earliest renewal of occupation remains unclear, major construction totally re-shaped the site beginning about the time of John Hyrcanus, ca. 135 bce. Archaeological data correlate with the literary data on the group's history. The withdrawal to Qumran was led by the Teacher of Righteousness within a generation or so of the founding of ... Elders, officials, attendants, Independent, autonomous 18. Attendance: Weekly Sabbath Assemblies in Synagogues absent from Tanakh 19. Public Bible readings: Preaching and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Qumran-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-essenes-John-Hyrcanus-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-134bc.htm

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Shalmaneser III: Annals on Kurkh Monolith, Ahab the Israelite ... Eponymy of [governor] Daiiān-Aššur: During this period of Assyrian history, each year was named after one of the governors within the Assyrian empire. This allows us to synchronize Assyrian to Bible chronologies and generate specific historic dates. 2. Pictured on the Kurkh monolith is Shalmaneser III standing before four ... talents of gold, 70 talents of silver, 30 talents of copper, 100 talents of iron, 20 talents of purple wool, 500 weapons, his daughter, with dowry, along with 100 of his nobles' daughters, 500 cattle, and 5,000 sheep. I imposed on him as tribute-one mina of gold, one talent of silver, two talents of purple wool, received annually. I accepted an annual tribute from Katazilu of Kummuhu,-20 minas of silver, and 300 cedar logs. (Column 2, Lines 13-30) 856 BC Year 3 In the year named after Assur-bêl-kain, on the 13th of Duzu, I left Nineveh, crossed the Tigris, went through the lands of Hasarnu and Dihnunu to Til-bursip, the fortress of Ahûni, son of Adini. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Kurkh-monolith-Ahab-Israelite-battle-Qarqar-852BC.htm

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Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... ... Cohen believed Kuntillet Ajrud had three continuous periods of occupation by a centralized government under the direction of several kings of Judah beginning with Solomon. e. Secondary use of a fortress structure build by Solomon at the end of the ... Reductionists Finkelstein and Ussishkin, both of whom view "David and Solomon as another Bible myth", reject Cohen's view that this was built by Solomon and therefore date the structure to the 9th century or later. c. Having said this, we must take ... It is tantalizing to try to date Kuntillet Ajrud, to pinpoint in whose reign this religious center was established. The pottery and the form of the script suggests the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 8th centuries. (Did Yahweh Have a Consort, ... After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new date identified the site as the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm

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Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies More than 25,000 objects ranging from the First Temple period to the early Arab period have been uncovered here, including a pit with Edomite cultic figures, Iron Age walls, gates and an altar, and a Roman fortress. Dig directors Tali Erickson of the ... exist that might be identified with this Arad in the latter part of the Late Bronze Age (or early Iron I), many modern commentators have taken the reference to a King of Arad as a later gloss in the text based on Josh 12:14.2 Alternative suggestions have been made to solve this dilemma. First, the reference to the King of Arad may be a regional designation, like the aforementioned "King of Edom" in Num 20:14, who may have ruled from the city of Hormah (v. 3) or even in the vicinity of ... Hence the desert route would have them approaching the northern end of the Arabah from the west southwest, and then crossing the Arabah between Tamar and Zalmonah. (The New American Commentary Num 21:1-3, 2000 AD) What the Bible says about Hormah: 1. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm

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Bible Chronology of Kings of Judah, Israel Solved! divided kingdom ... We now know this is false and that the numbers are correct after all! b. Bible trashers who reject inspiration wrongly conclude the numbers are a fiction created centuries later by uninspired men to create an historical backdrop to bolster and promote a current ... Instead of fixing a problem (which in fact did not exist) they created new chronological data which are no longer internally consistent. 2. 1 Kings 14:20 and 1 Kings 15:9 from the Masoretic vs. the Septuagint: Septuagint (LXX): Codex Vaticanus Masoretic Text (MT): JPS Jewish Bible 1 Kings 14:20 Vaticanus omits verse. "Jeroboam reigned twenty-two years; then he slept with his fathers, and his son Nadab succeeded him as king." (1 Kings 14:20) 1 Kings 15:2 ... But there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon, and trampled the thorn bush. "You have indeed defeated Edom, and your heart has become proud. Enjoy your glory and stay at home; for why should you provoke trouble so that you, even you, would fall, and Judah with ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-kings-prophets-assyrians-babylonians-egyptians-tisri-nisan-inclusive-accession-reckoning-divided-kingdom-dates-931-587bc.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system Although coins were first used in Babylon and Athens at early at the 6th century BC, the first coins were used in Israel about 378 BC. Jesus identified the three metals used for coins as money: "Take no gold, or silver, or copper (bronze) in your belts" (Matthew 10:9) Since coins were produced by kings and ... On June 5, 1933, Franklin Roosevelt took the USA off of the "Gold Standard", where coins and paper money currency had to be backed by and equal value of gold in Fort Knox and other repositories. The Biblical currency and the money of the Bible was based entirely on the weight of gold, silver and bronze, Iron of Goliath's spear, ( 1 Samuel 17:7), myrrh and cinnamon (Exodus ... the money to him, seventeen shekels of silver." (Jeremiah 32:9) After leaving Kadesh Barnea Israel was commanded: "You shall purchase food from them [Edom/Moab] for money [lit: Silver], so that you may eat; and you shall also buy water from them for money, so that you may drink." (Deuteronomy 2:6) "with all ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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Shalmaneser III: Annals on annals Balawat bronze Gates: 848BC ... the fortress of Adinu, son of Dakûri. I stormed and captured it, killing a large number of his men. I carried off their heavy booty-their cattle and their sheep. I destroyed, devastated, and set fire to that city. When I left Bakani I crossed the Euphrates with him, and approached Enradi, Adinu's royal city. The terrible splendor of the great lord Marduk overwhelmed Adinu, so I received heavy tribute,-gold, silver, copper, lead, iron..., copper, and elephant tusks and hides. While I was there on the shore of the sea, I accepted tribute from King Iakinu of the sea-land, and from Mushallim-Marduk son of Aukani,-silver, gold, lead, copper..., and elephant tusks and hides. (Bronze Sheathing: Column 4, line 5-Column 6, line 8) 849 BC Year ... Band 13 upper: "I captured Ashtamaku, the royal city of Irhulêni in Hamath, along with 86 cities" Conclusion: 1. The bronze gates of Shalmaneser III are a stunning confirmation of the historical accuracy of the Bible: a. It names the cities of Tyre ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Balawat-Gates-bronze-cedar-tribute-Tyre-Sidon-ships-848BC.htm

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Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria ... The identification of this Tamar is certain: Engedi, which is located on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Hazazon-tamar is an ancient city that dates back to the time of Abraham. There are only two Bible verses that mention Hazazon-tamar: -"Then some came and reported to Jehoshaphat, saying, "A great multitude is coming ... Today there is a garrison (Roman fort) of soldiers there." (Eusebius of Caesarea, Onomasticon, 325 AD) Tamar is was first identified as Ein Haseva by Aharioni: "The finds from the Roman and Iron Age fortresses at 'Ein Haseva support Aharoni's proposal to identify the site, which was a major fortress on the south-eastern frontier of the Judaean Kingdom, both with biblical Tamar (Ezek 47:19; 48:28) and with Tamara mentioned in the Roman and Byzantine sources cited. ... The strategic location of `Ein Haseva-Tamar is obvious, sitting as it does at the intersection of four major routes - one leading south to Elath, one traveling east to Edom, a third leading north to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gush Halav, Gischala 78 BC On one of the column drums was a Hebrew inscription reading: 'Jose son of Tanhum made this shrine. Let him be blessed.' Both buildings are among the early group of synagogues (i.e. they date from the 2nd-3rd centuries AD). The site is identified with ... C. Bible and other Literary references: 1. "A [A house in a city] the roofs of which form its wall, B or one in a city which was not surrounded by a wall from the time of Joshua ben Nun, C is not deemed a dwelling house in a walled city. D And what is a dwelling house in a walled city? E [A city in which are not less than] three courtyards, each with two houses, surrounded by a wall from the time of Joshua ben Nun, F such as: I the old castle of Sepphoris; 2. the fortress of Gush Halab, 3. old ... Given "the significant quantities of Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, and Middle Bronze pottery, ... significant quantities of Iron II material," ... "several nearly complete bowls [from the Persian period]," and the Hellenistic and Hasmonean coins and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gush-Halav-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-John-of-Gischala-first-jewish-war-revolt-bema-heart-columns-ark-scrolls-78bc.htm

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The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... From a strategic point of view, the Quseima fortress was the most important because it was the most westerly and therefore closest to the Egyptian border and it overlooked the crossroads. The border between Egypt and Israel as stated in the Bible, is ... According to the general plan of the site and the finds, it may clearly be classified as one of the "Israelite fortresses in the Negev."" ("Aharoni Fortress" near Quseima, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) A. Date of the fortress at Quseima: "The sites have ... Thus, Herzog proposes an 11th century date (Herzog 1990: 238); and Finkelstein, true to his multistage theory, dates the whole process to the end of the 11th and beginning of the 10th centuries (Finkelstein and Perevolotsky 1990: 78). This means that ... As usual in sites of this category in the Negev, the pottery was of two types: ordinary, wheel-made pottery, characteristic of the Iron Age; and rough, handmade pottery, of the type known as "Negev ware" (Cohen 1986). The number of Negev ware sherds ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm

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Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges: Deborah 1204 ... ... This is confirmation that our approach is correct. D. Philistines trigger the Collapse of the Late Bronze Age in 1177 BC: The LB age ended in 1177 BC, which marked the beginning of the Iron Age. This well documented event is recorded in the wall reliefs of pharaoh Ramesses III when in year 8, ... The newly discovered second extra-Biblical reference to a king named Jabin at Hazor was a tablet found at Hazor, and is 2x2 cm (less than 1x1 in) and represents less than half the original. Written in Old Babylonian, and thus dated to the 18th-17th centuries BC, it is addressed to Ibni-Addu, king of Hazor. Again, the name Ibni corresponds to Jabin (Yabin) in the Bible. The letter was written by an ... Eli, Samuel, Saul, David 1406-1399 1350-1204 1204-1144 1191-1144 1118-1094 1118-1078 1128-1004 Josh 1-15 Judges 3, 17-21, Ruth Judges 4-5 Judges 6-9 Judges 10-12 Judges 13-16 1 Samuel 1-31 Canaanites Mesopotamia, Edom Hazorites Ishmaelites, Midianites Ammonites Philistines Philistines, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-timeline-chronology-judges-deborah-hazor-1204-1144bc.htm

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Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria 858-824 BC inscriptions ... have a complete list. 3. The first Assyrian king to interact directly with a Bible story is Shalmaneser III Extant Inscriptions exist from these Assyrian Kings Bible references 1. Ititi None 2. Azuzu None 3. Zarriqum None 4. Son of Urdānum None 5. Aminu None 6. Silulu None 7. Salim-ahum None 8. Ilu-šumma None 9. Erisum I ... I accepted from Aramu, son of Agûsi,-10 minas of gold, 6 talents of silver, 500 cattle, 5,000 sheep. From Sangara, of Carchemish I received,-three talents of gold, 70 talents of silver, 30 talents of copper, 100 talents of iron, 20 talents of purple wool, 500 weapons, his daughter, with dowry, along with 100 of his nobles' daughters, 500 cattle, ... in flood (and) captured the city Dabigu, fortress of the land Hatti, together with cities in its environs, 856 BC Year 3 In the year named after Assur-bêl-kain, on the 13th of Duzu, I left Nineveh, crossed the Tigris, went through the lands of Hasarnu and Dihnunu to Til-bursip, the fortress of Ahûni, son of Adini. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Ahab-Jehu-Omri-Hazael-Ben-Hadad-II-858-824BC.htm

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The Levitical Priesthood are Gershon/Gershom (Gershonites/Gershomites), Kohath (Kohathites) and Merari (Merarites). Note: The Pentateuch spells Levi's firstborn "Gershon", but the book of Chronicles spells him "Gershom". Variations in name spelling are common in the Bible. 2. A special place for the sons of Aaron: The Tabernacle began at Mt. ... of vines and fig trees and pomegranates, a land of olive oil and honey; a land where you will eat food without scarcity, in which you will not lack anything; a land whose stones are iron, and out of whose hills you can dig copper." (Deuteronomy 8:7-9) ii. "So they went up and spied out the land from the wilderness of Zin as far as Rehob, at Lebo-hamath. ... with moving the Ark, David used the priests from Gershon, Merarites and Merari to move the Ark from the house of Obed-edom after Uzzah died in the first attempt: (1 Chronicles 15:1-15) a. "Now David built houses for himself in the city of David; and he prepared a place for the ark of God and pitched a tent for it. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/archeology-exodus-route-sinai-levitical-priesthood-levi-gershomites-kohathites-merarites-aaronic-zadok-asaph-heman-ethan-abiathar-eli-sadducees-annas-caiaphas-ananias.htm

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Footnoting Policy of Watchtower, and actual footnotes to their ... ... XV, p. 47. 17." Theological Dictionary," by Karl Rahner & Herbert Vorgrimler, 1965, (Herder and Herder, NY) p. 470. Section 3: Was It Clearly a Bible Teaching? 18. "The Illustrated Bible Dictionary", 1980, Part 3, (InterVarsity Press, Tyndale House ... Britannica, Inc., Chicago, IL) p. 928. 28. "A Short History of Christian Doctrine" by Bernhard Lohse, 1966, (Fortress Press, Philadelphia, PA) p. 38. 29. "The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology," Colin Brown, general ... XII, (Charles Scribners Sons, NY) p. 461. 35. "New Catholic Encyclopedia", 1967, Vol. XIV, p. 299. 36."The Church of the First Three Centuries", Alvan Lamson, 1869 edition, p 56-57, published by the British and Foreign Unitarian Association, (Horace ... 80. "Our Orthodox Christian Faith", by Athanasios S. Frangopoulos, Third Edition, 1985, (The Brotherhood of Theologians, Athens) p. 71. 81." The Triune God", p. 9. 82." Word Pictures in the New Testament", by Archibald Thomas Robertson, 1930, Vol. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-jw-anti-trinity-booklet-footnotes.htm

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(Diagnosis, Guardianship, and Residential Care of the Mentally ... ... While these contending parties embrace divergent interpretations of the historical data, their shared evidence is heavily biased in favor of printed texts, for example, treatises on witchcraft. The manuscript records of an early English legal ... As appeared by inspection she had the face and countenance of an idiot" (10). Two centuries later the court of wards employed similar questions with measures of numerical ability, which were especially popular. In 1597 German Bradshaw was asked to "number . . . 20 forwards and backwards and divide . . . the same" (11). In 1615 Thomas Pope proved "very well able to discern and know the difference of all pieces of silver of the Queen's coin and the perfect value of them from xiid to an half-penny" (12). Literacy entered the idiocy test battery in the seventeenth century. In November 1626 Katherine Tothill was asked "whether she could read or had books read to her. She said she could and did read ... the Bible, all but the hard names." A ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/diagnosis-guardianship-and-residential-care-of-the-mentally-ill-in-medieval-and-early-modern-england-richard-neugebauer-american-journal-of-psychiatry-dec-1989ad.htm

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Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... ... you and inscribe a city on it, Jerusalem. "Then lay siege against it, build a siege wall, raise up a ramp, pitch camps and place battering rams against it all around. "Then get yourself an iron plate and set it up as an iron wall between you and the city, and set your face toward it so that it is under siege, and besiege it. ... Archeologically, Edom moved into Judah and Samaria for the first time after Babylonian captivity in 605 BC: "Because you have said, 'These two nations and these two lands will be mine, and we will possess them,' although the Lord was there," (Ezekiel 35:10). b. The location of Kadesh Barnea is on the border of Edom: 1. Most Bible maps today ... Zedekiah issues orders to Malchijah, the troop commander at the Arad fortress, to send troops from Arad and the nearby Kinah fortress, to the fortress at Ramah-Negev to secure its safety and defense. Malchijah relays the Zedekiah's orders by sending Eshijah from Arad to his son Gemariah, the commander of the nearby fortress at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta ... Joshua 10:41; K. 46:26; L. 247:74. Identified with the desert stretching south of Petra (K. 142:7) and more frequently Kadēs Barnē (K. 112:8). (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Eusebius writes: "Petra. City in the land of Edom in Arabia which is ... Petra was one of the Nabatean cities given autonomy about 106 A.D. with the establishment of the Roman Province of Arabia. It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra were persecuted by Diocletian. (The Onomasticon, ... The one adjoins Egypt whence the people came having come through the (straits of the) Red Sea. The other (true) Cades extends up to the desert of the Saracens." (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Of course the Bible does not say that Gerar is between ... Aharoni more recently (TEJ, 1963, p.30ff) suggests 'Ain Husb which is about a day's walk (32 km) from Kurnub which is generally identified with Mapsis (cf. also Avi-Yonah) and has a large Roman fort as well as Nabatean and Iron II sherds. The Madaba ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... According to the Scroll, the secret caches held astonishing amounts of gold, silver, copper, and aromatics. Besides the Copper Scroll, Cave 3 also contained fragments of about a dozen biblical and non-biblical Scrolls, including a copy of Jubilees. (IAA website) d. Qumran Cave 4 (4Q) - Discovered by Bedouin ... From these caves came another scroll of the Minor Prophets (the last half of Joel through Haggai), which closely supports the Masoretic Text. The oldest known Semitic papyrus (a palimpsest), inscribed the second time in the ancient Hebrew script (dating from the seventh-eighth centuries b.c.), was found here. (A General Introduction to the Bible, p 364, 1986 AD) 2. ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the reconfigured palace, near the section identified as a synagogue. Dating to the Roman period, the major discovery here consists ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... According to the Scroll, the secret caches held astonishing amounts of gold, silver, copper, and aromatics. Besides the Copper Scroll, Cave 3 also contained fragments of about a dozen biblical and non-biblical Scrolls, including a copy of Jubilees. (IAA website) d. Qumran Cave 4 (4Q) - Discovered by Bedouin ... From these caves came another scroll of the Minor Prophets (the last half of Joel through Haggai), which closely supports the Masoretic Text. The oldest known Semitic papyrus (a palimpsest), inscribed the second time in the ancient Hebrew script (dating from the seventh-eighth centuries b.c.), was found here. (A General Introduction to the Bible, p 364, 1986 AD) 2. ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the reconfigured palace, near the section identified as a synagogue. Dating to the Roman period, the major discovery here consists ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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