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Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria ... 20:2 -"Then they turned back and came to En-mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and conquered all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, who lived in Hazazon-tamar." ... at 'Ein Haseva support Aharoni's proposal to identify the site, which was a major fortress on the south-eastern frontier of the Judaean Kingdom, both with biblical Tamar (Ezek ... fourth leading west through Macaleh `Agrabim to the central Negev area." (The Fortresses at Ein Haseva Rudolph Cohen, The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 57, No. 4, p 203-214, 1994) Rudolph Cohen Has accepted Ein Haseva as Biblical Tamar: "In an article last year (BA 57:4119941), we outlined the Roman, Nabatean, and Iron Age remains at (and presented arguments for the identification of the site with the biblical Tamar and the Tamara mentioned in Roman ... This makes possible the idea that the city of Thamara on the Madaba map is indeed the Tamar of Ezekiel. But there are some problems. First, nothing has been directly excavated ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... In these cases the broken pottery was a cheap and abundant paper to write on. "In the late monarchic period, the time of these letters, Arad was a fortified supply depot. ... The new citadel stood only about a decade. In 597, while Nebuchadnezzar's army was invading Judah from the north, the fortress was captured and destroyed again, apparently by ... Vol. 14, p114, 2003 AD) FIVE OSTRACA: From a Biblical point of view, the most important of the 180 ostraca (and a few bulla) excavated at Arad 1962-1967 Ad are the four we have chosen to in this study. We have added one from Tel Ira (Ramah-Negev) for a total of five in this study. a. ... Three more Hebrew ostraca were found in 1976. As indicated by paleography and archaeological context, the Hebrew ostraca come from the 10th-6th centuries, the Aramaic from ... The fortress was encircled by a new casemate wall which had towers projecting at the corners and in the middle of each side, similar to the fortresses of Kadesh-Barnea [Ein ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ... ... The first part of the inscription contains a long list of sites in the northern and central sections of Israel. The second part of the inscription, containing over 10 names, is apparently devoted to the Negev. Only a few of the names can be identified with cities known from the ... The list includes, for example, the fortress of Great Arad, which clearly refers to the site still bearing that name. Identifying the other fortresses referred to by Shishak is more problematic, but it may well be that a number of the names refer to the fortresses we have been discussing." (The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border, Rudolph Cohen, 1985 ... side like Kuntillet Ajrud and Borot Loz ponds. "And above all, south of Qadesh Barnea along important Darb Ghazza, the main route to the Gulf of Eilat, not even one ... XI:4 ngrn? "well of the threshing floor" Ain Goren. (not likely Ekron) Possibly "Ain", Ain, Qudeirat, misidentified as Kadesh Barnea since 1914 AD. However we know ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... When we first examined the potsherds, copper slag, bits of copper ore and implements on the surface of Tell el-Kheleifeh, it was seen that the pottery remains dated from the 10th to the 5th-4th centuries B.C. Frank had ... One cer-tainly would have expected the equivalent of a 10th century B.C. and later police-post and customs house at Aqabah. Furthermore, a fortress dating from Solomonic times may have existed on top of one of the hills overlooking the site of Aqabah below, with ... Tell el-Kheleifeh was obviously a central point of that area." Miss Caton Thompson found very similar pottery in Arabia, which, however, she dated to about 400 B.C.14 ... See BASOR, 79 (Oct., 1940), 9-10 and fig. 4 for the type of "mastabah" grave excavated at Tell el-Kheleifeh. of the middle rows of bricks of this building had been ... For the attribution of the fortress casemate walls at Ain el-Qudeirat (Qadesh-barnea) to the time of Jehoshaphat (871-849 B.C.) and possibly to the time of Uzziah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route ... Eusebius goes even further and says that Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra. Eusebius represents the views of the time of queen Helena, who chose the site for Mt. ... It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra were persecuted by Diocletian. Rekem. It is also Petra, city of Arabia, "whose ruler Rocom ... It is pointed out (still today) ten miles from Petra on the summit of the mountain. Notice that Eusebius sees two different Cades, but the true Cades (or Kadesh Barnea) is ... The Madaba Map using Jerome's spelling has located properly Mampsis. Many Nabatean, Roman-Byzantine levels excavated at Kuroub. It shows a revival in the fourth ... The Madaba Map copies Eusebius with all three names listed: "Balak which is also Sēgōr or now Zoora" and picturing a fortress with palm trees. Zoora is also Soora ... Apparently Sur is the southern and western portion of the Sinai Peninsula (K. 152:6). Kades (K. 112:8) is central and eastern while that belonging to the Saracees ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... in 1896 AD, Kades was next visited by Lagrange who said when he visited the site: "the deception [of Trumbull] was so strong, the disenchantment so deep, that I ... He is unable to supply a single literary source that says that Arabs lived in the central or southern Sinai Peninsula, much less that they were considered Arabia. ... For example, his published exodus route map doesn't even go through Ezion-Geber between his Mt. Sinai (Mt. Bin Bishar) and his Kadesh Barnea (Qudeirat). 7. Mt. Sinai ... Archaeological excavations have found the same architecture (Crow-stepped, stone cut tombs) and assemblages (pottery) at Leuke Kome, Al Bad and Mt. Lawz/Maqnah as ... Agrippa created a map of the world just before the Birth of Christ in 2 BC. This map was widely circulated for centuries but none have survived. His cartographic ... Arabian Peninsula (Antiquities 1.220-221) Josephus used the word Arabia/Arabian 241 times but never did this refer to the Sinai Peninsula or the Judean Negev. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ... ... Then it proceeded southward to the ascent of Akrabbim and continued to Zin, then went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea and continued to Hezron, and went up ... Ezekiel 47:19 and "And beside the border of Gad, at the south side toward the south, the border shall be from Tamar to the waters of Meribath-kadesh, to the ... Tel Habuwa is an important archaeological site from the time of Moses but nothing has been excavated and documented that specifically identifies it as Tharu. 1463 BC: Thutmoses III and the Battle of Megiddo: ... W. J. Murnane, , E. S. Meltz, p235, 1995 AD) 5. c. 1300 BC: Relief of Menmaatre Seti I: Fortress at Tharu (Greek- sile) is on Egyptian border a. Menmaatre ... underscores how absurd it is to suggest the exodus route traveled through central Sinai using the same roads that the Egyptian miners used between Timna and ... in Egyptian sources for Ramesside (1250 BC) military campaigns in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm

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King Jeroboam tel dan high place altar 1340-723 BC. They're Digging ... ... "The Sacred Area or temenos at Dan is a large complex over a half-acre in size. The central open-air platform of the Sacred Area went through three phases during the ... The monumental steps belong to the second stage in the building of the bamah. A sounding under the steps revealed pottery from the mid-9th century B.C. Thus, this second ... in the following centuries, or even as late as the Hellenistic and Roman periods, when the area of the bamah was further enlarged by extending the enclosure. The marble statue of Aphrodite found in the fields near the mound (Fig. 15 ) may well have been located originally at the site of our bamah." (Tel ... If other sites in Israel were as extensively excavated, would they too yield as many shrines?) The bamah just described is located well inside the city. Several others ... Exodus 32:28 23,000 killed by God Golden Calf at Sinai Exodus 32:35 + 1 Cor 10:8 14,700 killed by God Kadesh Barnea Numbers 16:49 24,000 killed by God At Shittim near Jordan ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-laish-leshem-micah-Jonathan-jeroboams-king-of-israel-high-place-altar-temple-1340-723bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... Midianites, Ishmaelites and Amalekites were Transjordan nations "of the east" and did not live in the Wilderness of Egypt (Sinai Peninsula) or the Judean Negev. b. ... Sinai), twenty kilometers to the north of Ajnuna." (The Northern Hegaz, Alois Musil, p 269, 1926 AD) 5. 1928 AD: Mt. Sinai at Petra: The Site of the Biblical Mount ... Sinai (and the wilderness of Sinai where the camp was located) a. The Hebrews will spend 11 months, 5 days at Sinai before moving north to Kadesh Barnea. b. Moses brought ... Based upon countless examples of other cultic zoomorphic figures that have been excavated, the golden calf was likely less than 30 cm high. The pagan altar was ... Maqla does have a cave at an elevation of 1860 meters that might be "Elijah's cave" but many mountains have caves. If excavations found Iron II pottery dating to ... In simple words, the official top plan found walls, not doors because the doors were bricked in centuries later during secondary use long after Israel left Mt. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... Titus even condemned the Jews inside the city as savage beasts for hypocritically defiling the temple by turning it into a military fortress ... the earth" in Rev 13:11. In the first three centuries, Christians supposedly died unless they confessed Caesar as God, but it is all a myth. ... The author has not only excavated throwing stones used in war, he is familiar with their size and weight. However, the author came to his ... 5:13 called Jerusalem "Babylon". Introduction 2: Jerusalem is the central focus of Revelation Babylon, Sodom, Egypt, The Harlot, The Great ... a commanding position, and it had been reinforced by engineering works so massive that they might have rendered even a flat site impregnable. ... Cohen) or less than 200-year history. The rest, when pressed how they know, will tell you "God told me". And remember there were three ... Pious Jews interpreted Leviticus 11 and 15 literally and began to replace pottery with chalk stone vessels which they viewed as insusceptible ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/

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Beidha, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea: mass food production ... and ancient literary sources that Kadesh Barnea was located in the Petra area. While Late bronze pottery has been found at Petra, other sites like Beidha and Basta have attracted the attention of Steven Rudd. The Hebrew Exodus population of 3.5 million would clearly take up a space up to 15 km long. Beidha is 5 km north of Petra and Basta is 12 km SE of Petrra. The problem of course, is that both Beidha and Basta are both PPN (pre-pottery Neolithic) sites, meaning there is no pottery found at either site. ... 81: "The latest phase B structure documented in the north-central area was large building 81. Only the base of the walls along the eastern edge of the building and an associated stone-lined pit directly to the northeast were exposed. ... The latter rectangular-roomed city buildings were workshops, not houses that were abandoned in ancient times until the time of the Nabateans (100 BC). Many tools and jewelry were excavated in the small rooms in every stage of production. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha.htm

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Ein El Weibeh: K. Von Raumer's choice for Kadesh Barnea in 1831 ... actual site for a long time was subject to scholarly dispute. This is hardly surprising since many of the geographical terms employed in the Bible, including most of those connected with the route of the Exodus, had passed out of currency by late antiquity. Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels (1854: 1-68), opening this area to modern exploration. At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba." (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen... Yet, after all, comparatively few travelers have passed up the Arabah into the Holy Land, and fewer still have gone directly northward to Hebron from the lower or central desert." (Kadesh-Barnea Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD) In 1838 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-weibeh.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... fourteenth to the twelfth centuries B C. As the Arabah Expedition's excavations proved, this was a Pharaonic Egyptian enterprise of the Ramesside Dynasties, working in conjunction with the local Midianite and Amalekite tribes. ... Only very small quantities of slag were found in these camps, or on the slopes around, and it is obvious that no copper smelting took place here, but there could have been some casting activities. The stone tools, pottery and ... A large heap of big slag pieces of semi-circular shape is piled up in the western half of the camp and here, undoubtedly, smelting took place. The eastern half of the camp shows several 65 X MINE I') SMELTING CAMP 0 EXCAVATED SITE • OTHER SITES ve.- CLIFF — WADI COPPER REARING YOTVATA SANDSTONE NEGEV22.X'5 ... A tower-defended gate can be found on the north-west side of the hill. The central part of the flat hill top is covered almost completely with broken slag, presumably broken and dispersed by later people who did not themselves ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies ranging from the First Temple period to the early Arab period have been uncovered here, including a pit with Edomite cultic figures, Iron Age walls, gates and an altar, and a Roman fortress. ... history of Tel Masos is similar to that of Tel Malhata.7 One must note that Hormah, meaning "destruction," is a name given to the site after the defeat of the Canaanites in this part of the Negev. ... The "Way of the Atharim" (derek hā˒ătārīm) was described by Y. Aharoni as "leading from Kadesh-barnea to Arad," along which the fortresses of Bir Hafir, Oboda, and Aroer were built during the ... Third, the evidence is lacking for the tradition that Moses and the Israelites were attempting to enter the land from the Negev along the pathway in which they were thwarted nearly forty years ... Lord gave them a resounding victory at Hormah, it would have seemed quite natural to proceed northward into the upper reaches of the Negev (even to Arad itself) and into the central hill country. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm

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Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom, Thomas E. Levy, ... ... As a result, the entire corpus of Iron Age pottery from the Edomite plateau represents a 'floating chronology' that is not fixed to a stratified archaeological sequence or tied to ... These dates demonstrate a much earlier Iron Age occupation in Edom dating to the twelfth to ninth centuries BC, when construction of massive fortifications and industrial scale ... with the Iron Age fortress in the foreground, and numerous other buildings and smelting installations (slag mounds) visible on the site surface. Photo courtesy of ROHR Productions (Nicosia). studies. In addition, as part of the DBM archaeo-metallurgical investigations in Faynan (Hauptmann 2000), a number of slag mounds were sectioned for palaeobotanical and fuel resource studies (Engel 1993, 1996) and Volkmar Fritz excavated one building at the ... sites in Israel/Palestine (Mazar 1990), including the known desert forts in the Araba/Arava region, such as Hatzeva (Cohen & Yisrael 1995) and Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1965) . ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-reassessing-the-chronology-of%20biblical-edom-thomas-e-levy-2004ad.htm

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta Basta (12 km SE of Petra) was a mass production meat packing plant and crop storage center. An massive assemblage of 100,000 kosher bones were excavated on the production floors. Like Beidha, Basta ... Petra was one of the Nabatean cities given autonomy about 106 A.D. with the establishment of the Roman Province of Arabia. It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra ... In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Recem, variety or painting". (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, 325AD) Notice that Eusebius sees two different Cades, but the true Cades (or Kadesh Barnea) is next to the ... Footnote #: 6: Ailam (Ailath). Genesis 14:1; K.6:17; L. 234:75. In the Vulgate we find Ailath, Elath, and Aila for this same site. Palestine is the southern part of Syria. This word is missing in ... When King Amaziah of Judah faught the Edomites he captured Sela and renamed it "Joktheel". (2 Kings 14:7; 2 Chron 25:11-12) Altough there was another town in the Negev of Judah called, Joktheel, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... ... In Rivers in the Desert, published in 1959, Nelson Glueck wrote: "The whereabouts of Solomon's long-lost port of Ezion-Geber was for centuries an unfathomable mystery, because no one paid ... after the building was destroyed in a fire.) Moreover, the site was not situated in the windiest location in the valley; official records showed the windiest site was farther to the west. ... We soon abandoned this idea when it became apparent how common this pottery was at contemporary sites in the Negev."7 Glueck also revised his view of the natural advantages of the location of Tell el-Kheleifeh: "The location of the ... The northernmost hill takes up half the length of the island and is surmounted by a Moslem fortress dating to the 12th century A.D.; the two southern hills contain Byzantine ruins. ... found there. (Unfortunately, Glueck threw out most of the common wheel-made pottery he excavated; he did not realize this common wheel-made pottery was far more reliable for dating ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... ... Twice God gave Israel water to drink through Moses: At Sinai (11 months) and Kadesh Barnea (38 years) b. "and all drank the same spiritual drink, for they were drinking from a spiritual rock [petra: bedrock] which followed them; and the rock [petra: ... These materials, including stones, large quantities of mortar and lime, and timber for roofing, were usually stored at the site. In addition, a water cistern was often excavated at the site a year before beginning construction of the house, in order to ... Then Shadrach, Meshach and Abed-nego came out of the midst of the fire." (Daniel 3:20-26) b. Pottery kilns were too small to throw a man into. c. A lime kiln is a huge structure large enough to hold many men inside. d. However, Nebuchadnezzar ... Its first systematic use in private construction, however, came in the 5th-4th centuries B.C.E. In classical literature, lime is called asbestos or chalix, the latter being the term from which the Latin word calx [Chalk] is derived. This ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... The oldest known Semitic papyrus (a palimpsest), inscribed the second time in the ancient Hebrew script (dating from the seventh-eighth centuries b.c.), was found here (see Barthelemy)." ... This development implies that there were central forces in the Jewish world assuring that the text that had been made central in its original, Hebrew/Aramaic shape would be central also in ... with lists of names. (IsrEJ 11 [1961] 21-24, 53-58.)" 3. Tefillin [on person] and Mezuzot [on door] have been excavated at several other Dead Sea Scroll site: a. Qumran: 27 fragments from Cave 4 and 2 fragments from Cave 8. b. ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the ... When the Jews cast lots in 73 AD to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... The oldest known Semitic papyrus (a palimpsest), inscribed the second time in the ancient Hebrew script (dating from the seventh-eighth centuries b.c.), was found here (see Barthelemy)." ... This development implies that there were central forces in the Jewish world assuring that the text that had been made central in its original, Hebrew/Aramaic shape would be central also in ... with lists of names. (IsrEJ 11 [1961] 21-24, 53-58.)" 3. Tefillin [on person] and Mezuzot [on door] have been excavated at several other Dead Sea Scroll site: a. Qumran: 27 fragments from Cave 4 and 2 fragments from Cave 8. b. ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the ... When the Jews cast lots in 73 AD to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... Abraham goes to Egypt then returns to Khirbet el Maqatir: "He went on his journeys from the Negev as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai," (Genesis 13:3) e. .../Avaris (Tel el Daba) that same year. 9. Between 1859-1842 BC, Joseph, Ephraim and Manasseh invented the world's first alphabet shortly after they moved to Avaris also known as the archeological site named Tel el Dab'a. 10. In 1806 BC Joseph dies. 11. Joseph is buried in the great tomb structure at Avaris excavated at Tel el Dab'a. ... Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). Even Tjeku, the name of the region of Wadi Tumilat, is regarded by ... I. Shirun- Grumach, 173-192. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz. VIII. Conquest of Joshua: 1406-1399 BC After Sinai, Israel went to Kadesh Barnea at El Beidha beside modern Petra and spent 38 years. 1. BALAAM INSCRIPTION: An ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... from the land of Benjamin, from the lowland, from the hill country and from the Negev, bringing burnt offerings, sacrifices, grain offerings and incense, and bringing ... Persian age that began in 333 BC. During the Persian era we know the names of 8 governors of Judah including their several bullae, pottery handle stamps and coins! ... 1) "The nearby city fortress of Lachish provides clear proof that it had been twice burned over a short period of time, coinciding with the two captures of Jerusalem. ... Ammonites, "he smote them ... as far as Abel-keramim" (Judges 11:33), whose ruins today constitute Tell el 'Umeiri, a Jordanian site about 37 miles east of Jerusalem. ... It was found in the sift from topsoil excavated near the W rim of the mound about 50 cm above the remains of a major public structure termed the Ammonite Citadel by ... This information is not needed since we have the Bible, but it sure thrills the heart of the Christian to learn about it! The central theme surrounding the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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Master Index of Places Alphabetic listing of panoramas in Israel: Ai of Abraham, Et Tel Ai of Joshua, Khirbet el Maqatir Ararat, Urartu Ashkelon Azekah Beersheba Beth Guvrin, Betogabris Beth Shean Beth Shemesh Bethsaida Dor Elah Fortress, Khirbet Qeiyafa Gath, Tel Safi Gibeah of Saul, Benjamin Gibeon Herodion Jarmuth Jericho of Jesus Jericho of Joshua Jesus Boat, Galilee Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD Mareshah Mt. Karkom Mt. Musa (Mt. Sinai) Ramah Ramon Crater Shiloh Socoh Succoth, Tel Deir Alla Tel ... Solomon's network of military border fortresses: For overview: read the introduction Ein Qudeirat Ein Qedeis Ein Quseima Loz Ponds Kuntillet Ajrud Elat Tell el-kheleifeh Jezirat Faraun Khirbat en-Nahas Haseva Ein Muweileh Pottery of the Bible: Midianite Pottery: The fine china Negev Pottery: Disposable dishware Cypriot pottery: Expensive imports Temple of Jupiter photo gallery Click to View The Kingdom of Solomon: Introduction ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-index.htm

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Mt. Karkom, Israel Karkom], Professor Emmanuel Anati, believes it to have been the mountain of the Ten Commandments (i.e. Mount Horeb). He is wrong in this assumption, but he has indeed found one of the most important places in the Exodus story. for this [Mt. Karkom] is the true site of Kadesh Barnea the holy gathering place where the multitude of Israel ... Having said this, Finkelstein makes these factual statements about Mt. Karkom: "the concentration of these sites near Har Karkom is by no means unique. Similar clusters of sites can be found in other parts of the Negev. Indeed, the density of sites per square mile is much higher in other areas of the Negev Highlands than at ... For a group of people on foot, the journey would take exactly eleven days. The other trail crosses the territory of Amalek, first climbing and then descending from the mountainous area of the central Negev. It is shorter, but more difficult. (HK Archive; WARA W05904). Anati has guessed at the 11 stops on a map and calculated ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-mt-har-karkom.htm

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Panorama photos of ancient Israel from the Bible Panorama Photographs of Israel Ancient Israel Tour Guide to archeological site Travel and Tourist Maps Alphabetic listing of panoramas in Israel: Ai of Abraham, Et Tel Ai of Joshua, Khirbet el Maqatir Ararat, Urartu Ashkelon Azekah Beersheba Beth Guvrin, Betogabris Beth Shean Beth Shemesh Bethsaida Dor Elah Fortress, Khirbet Qeiyafa Gath, Tel Safi Gibeah of Saul, Benjamin Gibeon Herodion Jarmuth Jericho of Jesus Jericho of Joshua Jesus Boat, Galilee Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD Mareshah Mt. Karkom Mt. Musa (Mt. Sinai) Ramah Ramon Crater Shiloh (ABR excavation page) Socoh Succoth, Tel Deir Alla Tel Rehov, ... Sinai chosen by Queen Helena in 325 AD. Highest mountain in Sinai. Ramah Samuel's home, prophet's school (Naioth) and tomb Ramon Crater Large natural unique geologic feature in the Negev. Shiloh Tabernacle was here for 305 years (1399-1094 BC) Also see ABR excavation page Socoh Philistine camp of Goliath ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/panorama-photos-israel-tour-guide-travel-maps.htm

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Gilgal The name "Gilgal" was not originally a specific place-name, but rather a term for a fortified camp. El 'Unuq appears to be just that. Although the site lacks permanent living quarters, it contains considerable pottery, the earliest of which dates to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E. and closely resembles pottery from the altar the author excavated on Mt. Ebal. In addition, the monumental size of el 'Unuq's enclosure wall suggests a fortification. This evidence supports the identification of el 'Unuq as a fortified camp from the early Iron I period, the period of Israel's earliest history in Canaan. . Professor Benjamin Mazar of the Hebrew University has further elaborated this idea. He identified the valley of Succoth at the point where the Jabbok River enters the Jordan—exactly opposite Wadi Far'ah—as a vital area in the patriarchal narratives and showed how this same area played a central role in early Israelite history.4 According to the Jericho tradition, however, the important ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-gilgal.htm

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Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times and Lands Panorama photo gallery of Israel Alphabetic list of all panorama photographs List of places in Israel Wildernesses, plains, valleys Babylon 700 km E. Negev "dry south country" Northern Arabah: 2 Sam 2:29 Plain of Sharon Shepherd's field Sinai Peninsula was ... Jeshanah (Burj el-Isaneh) Jezreel (Tell Yizra'al) Jokmeam (Tell esh-Sheikh Dhiab) Joppa (Tel Aviv) Juttah Kadesh Barnea Judges 1:36; Deut 1:46, 2 Ki 14:7 Kamon (Qamm, Qumeim) Kartan (Khirbet el-Qureiyeh) Kedesh-Naphtali Keilah (Kh. Qila) Kir-Hareseth, Ar, Kir, Kir-Kirese, Kirak: 2 Ki 3:25; Jer 48:31) (capital of Moab) Kiriath-jearim (Tell el-Azhar) Kuntillet Ajrud (Solomon's border fortress) Lachish Libnah (Tell Bornat) Lydda, Lod Machaerus Madaba Madon, Maron? ... Penuel, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Petra, Sela, Joktheel Phasaelis (Kh. Fasayil) Pirathon (Farata) Ptolemais (Acco) Qum'ran Qurayyah: Midianite Pottery kiln 1400-1200 BC. Midianite pottery has been found at Al Bad, Timna, Elat and Jezirat Faraun. Raamses (Tanis) ... ... https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... BAR 5:02, Mar/Apr 1979 (Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 AD) The new religious inscriptions from the Sinai The book of Kings describes a time during the 9th-7th centuries B.C. when the land was divided into two kingdoms—Judah in the south and Israel in the north. ... What I present here are tentative conclusions and alternative hypotheses about material which I, and other scholars, will be studying for years to come. Kuntillet Ajrud is located about forty miles south of Kadesh-Barnea and sits on a hill which rises beside the Wadi Quraiyaa. Old maps reveal that the site is a crossroads of desert tracks: one leads from Gaza through Kadesh-Barnea to Eilat; ... But since Palmer's day archaeologists have learned a great deal about pottery dating. After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page We never find any conflict with the facts of archeology and the Bible. We accept the discovery of a buried village in an ancient tel, or bones or tools are pottery or writings. It is the interpretation or opinions of the very archeologists who ... Almost all Bible maps today are riddled with errors, contradictions and confusion in regard to the Exodus, Mt. Sinai, Kadesh Barnea, the wildernesses of Zin, Shur, Sinai, Paran. Even commercially produced map sets that cost money, like those at logos.com ... This book also inspired the work of Israel Finkelstein. ... Thus, Jezreel, Arad, the Negev Highlands, and Taanach may be taken as 'mini-anchors' in the problematic 400-year time-span described above. Evaluation of these points of reference negates ... We hope you look closely at the things we have said above and study these matters out for yourself. We invite your input, suggestions, criticisms, corrections etc. The materials on this site are free, but do not place them on your own website, use ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gamla 76 BC Like a double humped camel, it was the home of two different zealot rebellions, first in 2 BC then in 66 AD. b. It was a formidable physical fortress that the Romans had great difficulty defeating with their Ballista and other slings. c. "Finds at the synagogue were from the final stage and battle. They included 350 ballista balls, 35 arrowheads, and many nails and pottery items, among them ... As one of the most important spiritual leaders it is unthinkable that Alexander Jannaeus would found this town without a synagogue. b. The synagogue seen today is a one period occupation site that ... It is the only public building thus far excavated in that town and may well be the only one that ever existed there. Located adjacent to the eastern wall, the building runs on a northeast-southwest ... Netzer [2004:10-12] disagrees, arguing that no central row of columns should be reconstructed and that the Ionic capitals might have fallen from rooms on the upper level in the west. Five rows of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gamla-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-ark-scrolls-niche-mikveh-heart-columns-bema-Judas-jewish-war-ballista-coin-76bc.htm

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609 BC: Arad Ostraca #88: Jehoiakim is appointed king of Judah ... Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean Negev and Zedekiah orders troops for defense. 3. A man seeks asylum in ... Arad ostracon 88 is a provenanced surface find but it is unprovenienced. The ostracon was discovered by Israel Sommer in 1974 when we walked the entire site and randomly picked up surface pottery and putting all the pieces into a single bag without marking where each piece was ... Although remains of only three lines were preserved, these lines are clearly part of a letter from the king of Judah to the fortress commander; according to the handwriting, it must come from Stratum VII. This is an important addition to ... King of Egypt to..." (Arad Inscriptions, Yohanan Aharoni, Arad inscription 88, p 103, 1981 AD) 1. The excavation reports for Arad Ostracon #88 are: a. Arad was excavated 1962-1967 AD. b. Arad Inscriptions, Yohanan Aharoni, Arad inscription ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad88-letters-Jehoiakim-Judah-appointed-king-by-Pharoah-Neco-II-Egypt-2Kings23-34-I-became-king-in-all-the-land-be-strong-609bc.htm

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Map of the Twelve Tribes of Israel Joshua divides the land 1400 ... Further, being an archeologist, great care was taken I locating cities with their correct archeological excavation site. 3. Finally, each city, geographic feature and boundary was meticulously studied in Joshua chapters 13-22 to create the borders. ... Josh 10:5 6. Philistine Pentapolis of city states a. Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, Ekron b. in coastal plain c. Archeology of the Philistine pottery has confirmed that Ashkelon was the production center for the monochrome Canaan Philistine pottery, ... Their south border was from the lower end of the Salt Sea, from the bay that turns to the south. Then it proceeded southward to the ascent of Akrabbim and continued to Zin, then went up by the south of Kadesh-barnea and continued to Hezron, and went up to ... So she alighted from the donkey, and Caleb said to her, "What do you want?" Then she said, "Give me a blessing; since you have given me the land of the Negev, give me also springs of water." So he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-borders-twelve-12-tribes-israel-promised-land-joshua13-22-conquest-1400BC.htm

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Saul Hunts David. Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges ... ... You can clearly see Samuel's home at Ramah 5 km away. click to view h. In 1967 King Hussein built his Jordanian palace on the very spot that Saul's palace stood. Excavations of this site are planned in the next few years. Past excavations have ... being spared by the grace of David. 17. David mourns Samuel's death by visiting the wilderness of Paran. (likely to Kadesh Barnea located at Sela/Petra) 18. David returns to Maon & Carmel where Saul's self praise monument is located after sparing ... the Transjordan nations of the Geshurites, Girzites and Amalekites but lies to Achish that the war booty was from Negev Israelites. 26. Achish makes David his personal bodyguard & says he is an angel of God. 27. The Philistines gather for ... So spread your covering over your maid, for you are a close relative."" (Ruth 3:9) vi. David sought refuge from a physical fortress outside the graces of God in Moab and returned to seek shelter of his only fortress: God himself, the Rock! This was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-1samuel-21-31-saul-david-on-the-run-1012-1004bc.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC Amenhotep II (Aakheperure) (second born son) 25 1431-1406 Weak king who signs peace accords. Israel has been at Kadesh for 12 years when he becomes king and dies the year Joshua crossed the Jordan. Thutmoses IV (Menkheperure) 10 ... John Garstang excavated Jericho 1930-1936 and concluded Jericho was destroyed in 1406 BC by Joshua confirming the Bible. Garstang documented imitation Cypriot ware pottery from the late 15th century BC he found at Jericho. Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho 1952-1958 and concluded that the Bible story of ... Finkelstein concluded in his excavation 1993 report at Shiloh that the site was unoccupied 1400-1100 BC, the precise period when the Bible says the tabernacle tent was active. However, the author is staff archaeologist of the ... Unless this is another case of exaggeration like the Merneptah stele, it appears Thutmoses III had conquered the promised land at the time Israel was at Kadesh Barnea. He was powerful enough, that he may have done such. The only ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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Reconstructing Petra Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38 Num 3 By ... ... Constructed during the first century B.C. and the first century A.D., it included a 600-seat theater, a triple colonnade, an enormous paved courtyard and vaulted rooms underneath. Artifacts found at the site-from ... This is Joukowsky's last season-at age 7o, she's preparing to retire- and she has no time to waste. They've just stumbled on a bathing area built in the second and third centuries AD., and the discovery is complicating her plans to wrap up the season's research. A worker hands her a piece of Roman glass and a tiny pottery rosette. She pauses to admire ... A Jerusalem bishop noted in a letter that "nearly half" of Petra was destroyed by the seismic shock. A church used until the seventh canton. A.D. and excavated in the 1990s (a Bedouin man cleans a mosaic on the ... At the top, the view to the west is of the shimmering Negev Desert in Israel. When my guide and I arrive, the shrine Is locked and deserted. But soon a lanky man named Nimet Defala arrives with his wife and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-smithsonian-june-2007-vol38-num3.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gush Halav, Gischala 78 BC ... 1984), we have a fairly solid indication that Gush Halav was the site of a Hasmonean-Herodian fortress (cf. Jotapata and Sepphoris). That implies also that whatever Hasmonean (or Herodian) military garrison was in the area was located at Gush Halav, and not Meiron. Given "the significant quantities of Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, and Middle Bronze pottery, ... significant quantities of Iron II material," ... "several nearly complete bowls [from the Persian period]," and the Hellenistic and Hasmonean coins and ceramics found there, Gush Halav had been a well-established settlement for centuries before the Hasmonean regime took over at the very end of the second century b.c.e. (Meyers et al. 1979: 35-36). ... It also reminds us that Galilee generally had not been under Jerusalem rule for eight centuries prior to 104 b.c.e. (Archaeology and the Villages of Upper Galilee: A Dialogue with Archaeologists, Richard Horsley, BASOR 297, p7, 1995 AD) 2. Two synagogues have been excavated at Gush ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gush-Halav-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-John-of-Gischala-first-jewish-war-revolt-bema-heart-columns-ark-scrolls-78bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: Debunked: Split Rock of Rephidim (Meribah) ... There Mariam went up and died, and there the doubting Moses struck the rock to give water to the thirsty people. The tomb of Mariam herself is pointed out there even now." (The Onomasticon, Eusebius, Kadesh Barnea, 325 AD) d. AD 325 Eusebius: "Mt Hor: ... Deuteronomy 32:4. c. David adopted the "God my Rock" imagery: "I love You, O LORD, my strength." The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer, My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; My shield and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold. I ... Their traditional territory is transjordan between Babylon and the Arabian Gulf, which explains why they attacked Israel at Rephidim. d. At the time of the exodus, the Amalekites also lived in the Negev just west of Petra: Numbers 13:29 e. At the ... of righteous Gentiles who feared God and lived accordingly." (Understanding the Bible Commentary Series, James K. Bruckner, Exodus 18:1, 2012 AD) c. "Rephidim was the site near which the Israelites led by Joshua engaged the Amalekites in battle. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-rephidim-meribah.htm

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The Exodus Route: Goshen and Ramses ... While we are certain Goshen extended east of Tel el-Dab'a, we are unsure if it extended westward towards the central Nile delta area. b. Located at GPS: 30.787419° N 31.821367°. c. Tel el-Dab'a is where Jacob, Joseph and his brothers lived and ... Here we have direct evidence that the Wadi el-Arish is the history southern border of the promised land. This rules out Ain el-Qudeirat as Kadesh Barnea found in every map found in the back of Bibles and Mt. Karkom as Mt. Sinai. D. Archeological evidence ... is followed by no. 34 hnty(w) "borderland," "frontier"- which would be a meaningful association. Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). ... E. Archeological evidence of Israel in Egypt: Tell El-Dab'a 1. "Ancient Rameses is located at Tell el-Dab'a in the eastern Delta, approximately 100 km northeast of Cairo. In antiquity, the Pelusiac branch of the Nile flowed past the site, giving ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen.htm

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The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ... Some of the walls of the smelter have stood almost to their original height for nearly thirty centuries. When finally heat cracked the walls of the smelter in places, and repairs and reenforcements were necessary, ... A considerable portion of the rooms on the north side of the mound, which had been excavated during the first two campaigns, was found to have been filled with sand at the commencement of the third season. ... With them must have been a changing guard of a certain number of soldiers to control them and guard the site. As has already been seen from previous reports, in addition to being the " Pitts-burgh of Palestine," Ezion-geber : Elath was also a strong fortress, guarding the crossroads by land and sea between Arabia and Sinai and greater Palestine. The new ... One of the jars was partly broken. .The mouth of this jar had. been closed with a heavy stone stopper,. and further sealed with a clay covering; over which a large, curved fragment of pottery had been placed. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ... History of the old Covenant Johann Heinrich Kurtz 1872 AD (History of the old covenant: Johann Heinrich Kurtz,1872 AD, Vol 3, Geological survey, p217-254) Between 1872 - 1891, Keil and Delitzsch rejected a transjordan location for Kadesh Barnea on the ... The eastern wall rises with equal abruptness from the Arabah, but is intersected by several defiles, which furnish approaches of more or less difficulty into our mountain fortress. The northern boundary wall, Jebel Halal, which had remained ... He started from Gaza ; and following the road to Khalasa, at the end of the first three hours' journey towards the S.S.E. he came upon the site of GEOGRAPHICAL STJEYEY. 227 the anc ient Gerar^ in the present Jurf (Torrent) el Jerâr (vol. i. § 63, ... This spring is called Muweilih by Robinson ; but the Arabs called it Moilahhi Kadesah, and pointed out at no great distance the Beit Hajar (House of Hagar), a rock in which there were chambers excavated. In this rock Rowlands discovered Hagar's ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm

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Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath ... Rather, some aspects continue in Philistine pottery - much does not." (Aren Maeir, Director of exacavations at Gath, Email, Dec. 2018) d. Philistine bichrome and monochrome swirl and hash marked pottery from Gath and Ashdod: I. Origin of the ... The first mention of the Cherethites, is when the Amelekites raided them in the Negev and David at Ziglag: "We made a raid on the Negev of the Cherethites, and on that which belongs to Judah, and on the Negev of Caleb, and we burned Ziklag ... were in existence only 300 years after Abraham and 150 years before Moses. d. In 1908 AD, the disk was discovered in Phaistos, Crete while the site was being professionally excavated. e. Several other artifacts have been excavated with similar designs and symbols on them. ... Of course, Qeiyafa did not exist at the time of the battle in 1025 BC, but David built the circular fortress as a monument to the great battle. b. The circular outer gates of the city echo the "circle of saul's army camp", although most the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm

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Misidentified: "Belonging to Jotham" and "Belonging to Eliakim ... ... based on central places and hierarchies theories (Garfinkel 1984, 1985)." (The Eliakim Na˓ar Yokan Seal Impressions: Sixty Years of Confusion in Biblical Archaeological Research, Yosef Garfinkel, Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 53, 1990 AD) III. Huge consequences of misdating and misidentifying the seal: "The 100 year distortion" 1. With the seal misdated to Jehoiachin initially, it seriously warped and skewed the archeological interpretations for all site in Israel. a. ... As a result, a mysterious gap between the tenth and seventh centuries seemed to appear at most of the excavated sites in Judah. In this way a distorted picture emerged, not only of the archaeology of the kingdom of Judah but also of other related disciplines such as ancient Hebrew ... This is quite an incredible fact and perhaps one day we will have a better understanding as to who, why and where this seal was placed on pottery handles. b. "It is still unclear which is the best explanation for all the problems connected ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Belonging-to-Eliakim-servant-of-Jehoiachin-belonging-to-Jotham-misidentified.htm

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The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... Hammond 1973; Levy 1999; Auge & Denzer 2000; Bowersock 1983; Bourbon 1999; Browning 1982) detail the many cultural and developmental influences the city experienced over many centuries of existence. ... This subterranean canal indicates that low-angle surveying technology was already understood - perhaps a borrowing from Greek and Roman geometric traditions (Cohen & Drabkin 1966; Lewis 2001). ... throughout the text) denote major buildings, temples and site features as listed in the key to Figure 1. Also shown are major dams (d), cisterns (c), water-distribution tanks (T) and springs (S). ... Although no traces of this connection have been excavated, pipeline fragments in the area suggest this connection. From a systems point of view, the Zurraba reservoir served principally to maintain ... On the north side of Wadi Mousa, numerous high-status structures in the B;2 quadrant [Temple of the Winged Lions, Royal Palace (41), North Defense Wall and Fortress (35), Conway Tower (54)] are ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm

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The Levitical Priesthood A. Ceramic Pomegranate found at Shiloh archeological excavations in 2018 AD: 1. Two Pomegranates excavated at Shiloh: dating to 1100 BC: a. 2018 AD by Associates for Biblical Research excavation team, Object 900: "The ceramic pomegranate came, as ... The pottery associated with object #100 dates from Iron Age I-II, which gives an indication of the chronology for the 2 loci closest to the bottom (Strata IV-V) and also for the possible pomegranate." (A Ceramic Pomegranate from Shiloh, Tim Lopez, ... When they had gone up into the Negev, they came to Hebron where Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmai, the descendants of Anak were. (Now Hebron was built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) Then they came to the valley of Eshcol and from there cut down a ... David used Heman (Kohathite) as a wise man, prophet (seer), temple singer, music composer and author of Ps 88: i. Heman was a Kohathite through Izhar, Korah (who got killed at Kadesh Barnea for rebellion when the earth opened up and swallowed him), and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/archeology-exodus-route-sinai-levitical-priesthood-levi-gershomites-kohathites-merarites-aaronic-zadok-asaph-heman-ethan-abiathar-eli-sadducees-annas-caiaphas-ananias.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... ... the building of the temple is uncertain and perhaps unlikely given the Judean Negev was under attack by the Edomites starting in 605 BC until they burned Solomon's temple with the Babylonians in 587 BC. c. ... with the priests in Jerusalem, the destruction was caused by priests of the Egyptian ram god Khnum-to whom a temple was built on Elephantine during the 18th-19th centuries bc (or the 16th-13th centuries bc). ... Saying, "You may say in Egypt before Arsames about the Altar-House of the God of Heaven which in Elephantine the fortress built was formerly before Cambyses (and) which Vidranga, that wicked (man) demolished in year 14 of King Darius: to (re)build it on its site as it was formerly and the meal-offering and the incense they shall offer upon that altar just ... b. 1 new wood chest, papyrus-reed, alabaster stone inlays c. 1 pair of Persian leather (sandals); 2 jugs, 2 trays d. 5 ladles to carry oil: 2 pottery, 2 wood, 1 stoneware e. 1 chest of wood for her jewels; f. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... Bible Only Revelation Commentary: Josephus on the First Jewish War Revelation Commentary: 1. Revelation written in AD 66 2. Flee Jerusalem or be destroyed in AD 70 3. The central synchronism is the Ezekiel's account of the destruction of ... July-Aug AD 67. Josephus captured, 39 Jews at Jotapata, 37 commit suicide: (Josephus Wars 3.141-150; 342-344; 352; 362; 383-384; 392 ) In AD 67 the famous Josephus himself took refuge with 40 men a large cistern in the fortress of Jotapata ... Here is a phot of the ultra rare "Gamla coin" of unknown denomination. c. 73 AD 960 Jews at Masada: Then on Monday 12th April AD 73, 960 Jews committed suicide at Masada. The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada in 1965 AD with the names of each of the ... Maqatir): The author helped excavate and photographed the bones of these 8 women and children killed by Vespasian. They were excavated in a large underground hiding discovered on site in 2013 AD. c. Jerusalem was under siege and nobody got ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-Commentary-Josephus-Chronology-Destruction-Jerusalem-First-Jewish-War-70AD.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... Jewish War Revelation Commentary: 1. Revelation written in AD 66 2. Flee Jerusalem or be destroyed in AD 70 3. The central synchronism is the Ezekiel's account of the destruction of Jerusalem in 587 BC. QUICK LINKS: Bible Only Revelation ... July-Aug AD 67. Josephus captured, 39 Jews at Jotapata, 37 commit suicide: (Josephus Wars 3.141- 150; 342-344; 352; 362; 383-384; 392 ) In AD 67 the famous Josephus himself took refuge with 40 men a large cistern in the fortress of ... Here is a phot of the ultra rare "Gamla coin" of 22 unknown denomination. c. 73 AD 960 Jews at Masada: Then on Monday 12 th April AD 73, 960 Jews committed suicide at Masada. The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada in 1965 AD with the names of each of ... Maqatir): The author helped excavate and photographed the bones of these 8 women and children killed by Vespasian. They were excavated in a large underground hiding discovered on site in 2013 AD. c. Jerusalem was under siege and nobody got ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible%20Only%20Revelation%20Commentary%20Josephus-Chronology%20Destruction%20Jerusalem%20Steven%20Rudd.pdf

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... In 2091 BC, Abraham built an altar in Shechem beside the Oak of Moreh where God appeared to him and promised to give his seed the land: "Abram passed through the land as far as the site of Shechem, to ... Then Joshua dismissed the people, each to his inheritance." Joshua 24:25-28 d. Joshua divided up the land by lot (Joshua 19:51). Shiloh was the central gathering point for Israel at the time of ... Dates suggested for the breach have varied between the fifth and first centuries B.C.; but the majority opinion has favored the latter part of the fourth century. Fresh light has been shed in recent ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and ... The Greek Septuagint was translated from the Hebrew "Aramaic Hebrew" manuscripts of Ezra in Jerusalem. d. The author has excavated what Adam Zertal wrongly called "Joshua's Alter" on Mt. Ebal. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... But let us not harbor the illusion that the day the nation has chosen is the exact same day on which Elohim rested, or that it even needs to be. What is important and central to the idea of the ... APOLOGIST BRENDAN: From the time that the Israelites refused to enter the Promised Land at Kadesh, the Scriptures reveal that the Hebrews were forbidden from performing circumcision (Joshua 5:7) and ... authors that refer to the keeping of the Sabbath festival to support the idea that the Sabbath was widely kept during these centuries. The truth, as conceded by SDA Sabbath scholar, the late Dr. ... positions are faulty, which is why we take up the "double application" position of this chapter, explained in more detail at another web page at this site titled: Isaiah 66:23: New Moon observance. ... "Then Judas appointed certain men to fight against those that were in the fortress, until he had cleansed the sanctuary. So he chose priests of blameless conversation, such as had pleasure in the law: ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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