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Early Village Life At Beidha: Neolithic, Brian Byrd, 2005 AD Its function was, no doubt, primarily to retard continued erosion, and it appears to have been constructed during the initial phase of occupation. Bar-Yosef (1986: 161) has suggested that this wall was designed to protect the village terrace from floodwater damage. If during the PPNB the Wadi el Ghurab flowed along the south side of the valley (as it does today), then flooding may not have been a major concern. The earliest PPNB stone dwellings were semisubterranean and dug into the loose sandy alluvial sediment of the terrace. The village was ... Nabatean Agricultural Terraces The site witnessed no human activity again until Nabatean (or possibly Roman) times when a series of agricultural terraces was constructed. This agricultural system was supplied with runoff water by a rock-cut aqueduct along the northeast sandstone face of the Seyl Aqlat (Fig. 5), and these terraces are only a portion of an extensive agricultural system in the Wadi el Ghurab. The now buried terrace surfaces have ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha-early-village-life-at-beidha-neolithic-brian-byrd.htm

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(The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen ... Raviv, Qasr er-Ruheibeh, Be'er Har Boger, Mishor Ha-Ruah, and the fortress north of Kadesh-barnea; (3) irregular fortresses, including those of `Ain Qudeis, Givcat Refed, Nahal Lacana, and Yotvata; (4) fortresses surrounded by a polygonal wall, including the fortress above En-gedi, and the one at Har Hesron ... The size of the casemate rooms, all of which were excavated, varies: width ca. 1.50-2.00 m.; length ca. 5.50-8.00 m. A circular stone basin was found in one of the casemate rooms, and three rectangular stone basins in another (fig. 4). The gate, on the southeastern side of the fortress, was extensively damaged by the foundation trenches of a later structure built over it. ... The fortress of H. Ramat Boger (Grid Reference 1281 X 0360) is located on a hill belonging to the southeastern spur of the Ramat Boger range, overlooking a wide expanse of the Naha' Boger valley. It was discovered in 1969 by the Israel Survey Team of the south, headed by the author, and surveyed again by Meshel ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-central-negev-rudolph-cohen-1979ad.htm

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The real Pool of Siloam discovered in 2004 AD Valley (Josephus, Wars 5.4.1). He also said it was outside the city wall (Josephus, Wars 5.9.4) at a place where the old wall bent to the east (towards the rising sun) (Wars 5.6.1), but also facing the hill upon which was a rock called "Peristereon", which was further East (Josephus, Wars 5.12.2). Josephus was liking making reference to the present Birket Silwan, on the other side of the Kidron valley. The pool of Siloam is fed by a conduit that is cut for a distance of 1,780 feet through solid rock, and which starts at the so-called Virgin's Spring (En-rogel). The reason for which it was cut is unmistakable. The Virgin's Spring is the only spring of fresh water in the immediate neighborhood of Jerusalem, and in time of siege it was ... You can see the damage today where the machine hit the stairs. Discovery of the actual pool: While digging a drainage pipe, a tractor his some large stone under the dirt. Work was halted and archaeologists Eli Shukrun and Ronny Reich (Pictured in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pool-of-siloam.htm

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The Jerusalem Water Aqueduct from the Solomon's Pools: ... If you were going to upgrade, repair or replace on older aqueduct, you would simply dig up the old one and since the sections cut in stone and basic level were already easy to follow. c. To argue that the three pools at Etam and the aqueduct do not date back to Solomon, overlooks the fact that ... Jewish historian Josephus as the Tyropoeon Valley, or, in an incorrect translation, the Valley of the Cheesemakers) to the western hill of the city. But the purpose of the bridge, as indicated by the aqueduct still running above it, was to convey water; it was not principally for human traffic. It was built by Herod the Great late in the first century B.C.E. to replace an earlier bridge built, as we are told by Josephus, by the Maccabean rulers and destroyed during Pompey's conquest of Jerusalem in 63 B.C.E. The source of the water was about 15 miles south of Jerusalem, on the other side of Bethlehem, where spring water is collected in three large pools called, incorrectly, Solomon's Pools. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor-aqueduct.htm

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The Temple in Jerusalem over the threshing floor which is presently ... ... There are two statues of Hadrian, and not far from the statues there is a perforated stone, to which the Jews come every year and anoint it, bewail themselves with groans, rend their garments, and so depart. ... About a stone's throw from thence is a vault wherein His body was laid, and rose again on the third day. There, at present, by the command of the Emperor Constantine, has been built a basilica, that is to say, a church of wondrous beauty, having at the side reservoirs from which water is raised, and a bath behind in which infants are washed." (The Bordeaux Pilgrim, 333 AD) Click to View In 361 AD, Julian the Apostate tried to reverse Constantine's ... Epiphanius also speaks of the Sion Church (the later Coenaculum) as existing in the time of Hadrian. A cemetery of tombs in the lady Rababeh belonging to this church will be found described in a later page under the name of that valley." (The Survey of Western Palestine, Charles Warren and Claude Reigner Conder, 1884) Below is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor.htm

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Claudius Ptolemy "Geography" 150 AD ... Ptolemy considered Rhinocolura and Raphia to be part of Egypt in AD 150. Before AD 50 and at the time of Strabo, Rhinocolura was an Arab controlled port city for the Arabic trade route. The central and southern Sinai Peninsula as defined by the area ... Ptolemy then traces the border of Egypt on the west side of the Gulf of Suez and the Arabian Gulf down to the border with Ethiopia. A. Poor understanding of the Gulf of Aqaba: a. Despite the more accurate mapping of both Philo and Josephus 100 years earlier, Ptolemy carries on the long tradition of Greek geographers (Eratosthenes, Herodotus, Hesiod and Hecataeus) who incorrectly understood the Red Sea as almost a single finger of water. b. As we can see, this error carried into the 16th century. ... Strabo restricted Arabia Felix to the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula above which was Arabia Deserta. c. Onne is located in Midian at biblical Elim, known by Strabo as Leuke Kome, located at modern Ain Ounah (Aynuna). d. Sygros is located on ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-ptolemy-150ad.htm

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The historical territory of the Ammonites in the Bible ... And I will cut you off from the peoples and make you perish from the lands; I will destroy you. Thus you will know that I am the Lord."" Ezekiel 25:3-7 God probably has decreed a similar destruction of those Arab nations who openly rejoiced when the Trade towers fell on 911 in NYC. Remember the Palestinian women and men dancing in ... Zephaniah 2:8-9 Moabs capital city: "Thus they destroyed the cities; and each one threw a stone on every piece of good land and filled it. So they stopped all the springs of water and felled all the good trees, until in Kir-hareseth only they left its stones; however, the slingers went about it and struck it." 2 Kings 3:25 E. Ammonite territory 1406 BC: "Then Israel struck him with the edge of the sword, and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, as far as the sons of Ammon; for the border of the sons of Ammon was Jazer." Numbers 21:24 ""To the Reubenites and to the Gadites I gave from Gilead even as far as the valley of Arnon, the middle ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ammonites.htm

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Water from a Rock: Mt. Sinai (Lawz) and Kadesh (Petra) Wadi Musa ... ... Matthew 27:60 "Joseph bought a linen cloth, took Him down, wrapped Him in the linen cloth and laid Him in a tomb which had been hewn out in the rock; and he rolled a stone against the entrance of the tomb." Mark 15:46 Conclusion: In 325 AD, Eusebius said you could still see the rock that Moses struck to provide water for the Hebrews at Petra. The path the water flowed from the rock is called the "Wadi of Moses" and the "Siq". This is still marked on all modern maps today. The wadi of Moses is still active as a drainage system in heavy rains today, although they have taken steps to prevent flash flooding down the Siq. It flows down the 1 km Siq, turns 90 degrees right at the "treasury", then winds its way down into the Arabah Valley. We have no idea where Moses struck the Rock at Mt. Sinai. Although several rocks have been proposes, they cannot be the Rock because they are on the wrong side (western) of Jebel Al-Lawz. The fact remains that a river of water flowed from Lawz towards the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-moses-struck-rock-waterless.htm

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The historical territory of the Moabites in the Bible Deut 32:49 Madaba (Madaba Map) and Dibon (Moabite Stone) was part of Moab in 1406 BC: "But we have cast them down, Heshbon is ruined as far as Dibon, Then we have laid waste even to Nophah, Which reaches to Medeba." Num 21:30; "The sons of Gad built ... So Israel remained at Kadesh. 'Then they went through the wilderness and around the land of Edom and the land of Moab, and came to the east side of the land of Moab, and they camped beyond the Arnon; but they did not enter the territory of Moab, for ... Israel was forced to go from Petra south to the Red sea, then far east beyond Edom's and Moab's territory, then north. Once they were due east of the Arnon River, they traveled towards the Dead sea in the Arnon wadi valley until they came to the ... Unlike Edom, this time Israel fought: "Then Israel sent messengers to Sihon, king of the Amorites, saying, "Let me pass through your land. We will not turn off into field or vineyard; we will not drink water from wells. We will go by the king's ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-moabites.htm

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The Exodus Route: Red Sea Crossing ... There was a highway running north to south between Haviliah and Shur where Ishmael lived. Another reference to this highway is: "So Saul defeated the Amalekites, from Havilah as you go to Shur, which is east of Egypt. " 1 Samuel 15:7. Now that we know the highway ran north and south but east of Araba Valley which would drain the dead sea into the Red sea if the water still flowed. Here is the point: This area is described as being, "east of ... They sank like lead in the mighty waters. " Exodus 15:5, 10 "You hurled into the depths, Like a stone into raging waters." Nehemiah 9:11. As God released the water, the surge would be like a 40 foot tsunami (wave) that would easily sweep the entire army off the 800 meter wide land bridge into 1300 meter deep water immediately on either side. The deepest part is 1800 meters. Pharaoh's army sank to the bottom like a stone in very deep, mighty, raging waters! It was a bad day for heavy body armor. Divers have claimed to find what looks like "18th ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen-red-sea.htm

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The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... Detailed study of the Madaba map. 8. Ancient literary sources confirm Wadi el-Arish is the River of Egypt in Gen 15:18 a. 670 BC: Esarhaddon's 10th campaign says the Brook of Egypt had no water! (ANET 292, Esarhaddon) b. 250 BC: The Septuagint (LXX): substitutes "the brook of Egypt" in Isa 27:12 for Rhinocorura, c. 150 BC: ... They wrongly go WESTWARD, not Eastward. They go 180 degrees the wrong direction and head in a straight line through the assent of Akrabbim (wrongly located at Ma'ale Aqrabim on the west side of the Arabah valley), and continue in a straight line through the middle of Judah's territory which they then mislabel as the Wilderness of Zin to ein ... is, Hazor), Amam and Shema and Moladah, and Hazar-gaddah and Heshmon and Beth-pelet, and Hazar-shual and Beersheba and Biziothiah, Baalah and Iim and Ezem, and Eltolad and Chesil and Hormah, and Ziklag and Madmannah and Sansannah, and Lebaoth and Shilhim and Ain and Rimmon; in all, twenty-nine cities with their villages. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm

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The Exodus Route: Travel times, distances, rates of travel, days ... ... Day 46 Jethro returns home to Midian while Moses departs for Mt. Sinai arriving after dark on day 47 which is Sivan 1 (Ex 19:1). In the morning of day 47 Moses strikes and splits the rock at Mt. Horeb for a massive water supply for 3 million Hebrews. On day 48 Moses ascends Mt. Sinai for the first time and God recites ... The Ark of the Covenant was positioned in the valley between Mt Gerizim and Mt. Ebal with half the tribes on each of the two mountain sides. The echo-ritual "curses and blessings ceremony" of Deut 27-28 were spoken across the valley to each of the six tribes on each side. From 1406-1400 BC Israel first defeated the northern Amorite Pentapolis, then second, ... Israel from Egypt, in the third month on the sixteenth day of that month (Sivan 16) , the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, "Come up to me on the mountain, and I shall give you two stone tablets of the Law and the commandment, which I have written, so that you may teach them. (Ex 24:12-18)" (Book of Jubilees 1:1, 170 BC) b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm

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Ein El Weibeh: K. Von Raumer's choice for Kadesh Barnea in 1831 ... ... Click to View Click to View Of course neither of these could be Kadesh because the western edge of the Arabah valley was the Territory of Judah. Kadesh Barnea cannot be located Ein Hasb or Ein El Weibeh or Ein el Qudeirat for the same reason: Kadesh ... for many miles into the heart of the Azazimat on the other side of the Jebel Moyleh, and into which several wadys open from the eastern side of the mountain (e.g. the Wady Kesaimeh, the Wady Muweilih [ Moilahi], and the Wady Eetemat). "In the remote background, surrounded by the wilderness, there stands in a state of remarkable isolation the strong rock with its copious spring, -the spot which still bears the ancient name of Kadesh (Ain Kudés) (1), and of which Rowlands was the discoverer." ... When I visited the place in June, 1905, I was particularly impressed with the large number of palm trees and the excellence of the water in one of the springs. The references to Thamara in Ptolemy, the Peutinger Tables, the Notitia, the Onomasticon, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-weibeh.htm

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The Jewish Synagogue Mikveh was the "Christian Maker" Baptistry ... The church was rebuilt around 400 AD, eventually being occupied by the Muslims only to be destroyed finally in 749 AD. 10. In Christian theology, salvation and forgiveness of sins is attained at the point of water baptism. There are five metaphors for water baptism: a. Cleansing and washing away of sins: Acts 2:38; 22:16 b. ... Josephus was likely making reference to the present Birket Silwan, on the other side of the Kidron valley. e. While its original use was not likely connected with spiritual cleansing and the temple of Solomon, it is clear that when Herod the Great remodelled the ancient pool of Siloam in 18 BC, that he was adopting its use to current practice ... Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian Maker 3. Ritual purity stone Vessels: Stoneware cups and wash basins 4. Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Christians 5. Artwork: Heart-Shaped Columns 6. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Mikvah-Christian-Maker-Baptistry-wash-sins-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-into-church.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-anchor Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1991 AD (Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1991 AD) KUNTILLET (AJRUD (M.R. 094954) The Arabic name, meaning "hill of the water-source," of a site located in N Sinai. Ruins of the site date to the 8th ... a road which since antiquity has run N-S, connecting Quseima and Kadesh-barnea to Elat and S Sinai. The isolated hill rises prominently from the broad valley of Wadi Quraiya (or "wadi of the small building"), which forms a natural W-E route. See Fig. ... Structure A was entered through a small exterior court area (locus 15) surrounded by stone benches. "The benches, floor, and walls were plastered with white plaster. Some of the pieces of plaster that were in the debris on the floor were adorned with ... Even though most of these artistic motifs are well known from the Syro-Phoeni-cian world, the actual renderings themselves are here very crude and perhaps also reflect "Arab" N desert influence. Despite their lack of artistic proficiency, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-anchor-bible-dictionary-1991ad.htm

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Maps: Agatharchides 169 BC: Petra and the Wilderness of Shur of Suez 7. Idumeans = Idoumaia = Edomite Jewish proselytes living in the Judean Negev. 8. Nabatea = Nabatæa = Nabatean Kingdom = one of many Arab tribes in Arabia Felix 9. Petra = capital city of the Nabatean Kingdom in the district of Arabia Felix. ... Agatharchides makes no distinction between the Gulf of Suez and the main section of the Red Sea. He sees the Red Sea as one continuous finger of water and he calls the Red Sea, the "Arabian Gulf". 6. Elanite/Ælanitic/Aelanites/Laeanite gulf is the ... A careful reading proves that Agatharchides began his narration at the "inner recesses"(fragment 87a) at the Straits of Tiran. Just as Agatharchides did not travel up the Gulf of Aqaba, his narration for the Arabian side of the Red sea, began at the ... These make the land on either side of them green and pleasant in every way. There is also an ancient altar that is made of hard stone and bears an inscription in lettering that is archaic and unintelligible. The sanctuary is cared for by a man and a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-red-sea-agatharchides-of-cnidus-on-the-erythraean-sea-169bc.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC ... Printing the entire outline on full colour 8.5x11 for each member is recommended. c. The master map and Master chronological chart are best printed 11x17 full colour, double sided. One sheet with the map on one side and the chronological chart on the other. It needs to be large and ... Elisha is called and he miraculously commands the holes of the land of Edom to be filled with water during drought and they win the battle against Mesha. Later in 841 BC, Mesha will record is successful rebellion against Judah in his famous "Mesha Stone." 7. Prayer is as powerful as all the miracles of Elijah: This is a key application point regarding Elijah, John the Baptist and Christians today. a. John the Baptist performed no ... The 100,000 Israeli mercenaries are insulted and proceed to loot Judean cities and kill 3000 Judeans on route home to Samaria. In the Battle of Kadesh Barnea (793 BC), Amaziah attacks Edom in the "valley of salt" which is located at the south end of the Salt Sea, then travels south ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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The Fortress of Antonia was built on the Rock under the Dome ... ... Strabo in 15 AD and Josephus in 100 AD describes in detail the moat or fosse that was filled during the attack by Pompey on the temple in 63 BC. Both describe a large moat that had been cut out of rock on the north side of the temple. The fosse was 250 feet wide, fifty feet wide and 60 feet ... them and rased their fortifications, and in particular took Jerusalem itself by force; for it was a rocky and well-watered fortress; and though well supplied with water inside, its outside territory was wholly without water; and it had a trench cut in rock, sixty feet in depth and two hundred and sixty feet in breadth; and, from the stone that had been hewn out, the wall of the temple was fenced with towers. ... the north part of the temple, where it was most practicable; (61) but even on that side there were great towers, and a ditch had been dug, and a deep valley begirt it round about, for on the parts towards the city were precipices, and the bridge on which Pompey had gotten in was broken down. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor-fortress-of-antonia.htm

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Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... ... stumble, cut it off; it is better for you to enter life crippled, than, having your two hands, to go into hell [Gehenna = valley of Hinnom], into the unquenchable fire," (Mark 9:43) b. "So just as the tares are gathered up and burned with fire, so ... Maqatir used to burn limestone rocks in order to turn them to powdered limestone which was mixed with water to create mortar. a. While this one pictured below is a pottery kiln, the lime kiln is 100 meters away and is about 3 times the diameter with 10 courses of rocks forming a circle in the bottom. b. Lime kins were used by the invading Muslims in 650-750 AD to destroy church buildings by turning their stone walls into lime powder for plaster. F. Limestone mortar "whitewashed tombs and walls": ... And if another party came along and was injured by it, lo, this person is liable. And he should not knead the mortar on one side and build on the other side. But he should knead on the side at which he builds [T. B.M. 11:6]." (Jerusalem Talmud, y. B. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm

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The Exodus Route: Debunked: Split Rock of Rephidim (Meribah) ... It is only one stop next to the wilderness of Sinai. This means that Rephidim and the Wilderness of Sinai must be on the same (east) side of Mt. Sinai, or in close proximity. Click to View Travel times, distances, days of the week Click to View D. ... Therefore the people quarreled with Moses and said, "Give us water that we may drink." And Moses said to them, "Why do you quarrel with me? Why do you test the Lord?" But the people thirsted there for water; and they grumbled against Moses and said, "Why, now, have you brought us up from Egypt, to kill us and our children and our livestock with thirst?" So Moses cried out to the Lord, saying, "What shall I do to this people? A little more and they will stone me." Then the Lord said to Moses, ... The second split rock for water is at Kadesh Barnea, located at modern Petra. The Wadi Musa (River of Moses) is the Siq at Petra and was the main flow of water over 1 km in length. The Ain Musa (Spring of Moses) at Petra was the slit rock which ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-rephidim-meribah.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... ... Glueck also pointed to what he thought was copper slag at the site and extensive sulfuric discoloration of the walls of the smelting furnace. The location of the site itself was significant. It was positioned precisely where the north winds from the Aravah (Ah-ra-VAH) (the valley that extends south from the Dead ... Glueck also revised his view of the natural advantages of the location of Tell el-Kheleifeh: "The location of the tell in the middle of the southern end of the Wadi Aravah, its possession of the first potable water, however brackish, as one comes from the western side of the north shore of the gulf, and the fact that the shoreline in front of it is free of rocks and ... One mound is vaguely circular in plan, about 7 feet in diameter and 7 feet high. The other, a little farther south, is boomerang-shaped, one leg about 22 feet long and the other 18 feet. Both these mounds of stone have the appearance of just having been dumped, but I think it more likely that they are the remains ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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Strabo 15 AD (Greek geographer) ... elsewhere that in the neighborhood of the quarry of the stones from which the pyramids are built, which is in sight of the pyramids, on the far side of the river in Arabia, there is a very rocky mountain which is called "Trojan," and that there are caves at the foot of it, and a village near ... them and rased their fortifications, and in particular took Jerusalem itself by force; for it was a rocky and well-watered fortress; and though well supplied with water inside, its outside territory was wholly without water; and it had a trench cut in rock, sixty feet in depth and two hundred and sixty feet in breadth; and, from the stone that had been hewn out, the wall of the temple was fenced with towers. ... the north part of the temple, where it was most practicable; (61) but even on that side there were great towers, and a ditch had been dug, and a deep valley begirt it round about, for on the parts towards the city were precipices, and the bridge on which Pompey had gotten in was broken down. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-strabo-15ad.htm

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Beidha, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea: mass food production ... Solutions to this problem might be found in the fact that Israel drank miraculously supplied water and manna all the time they were at Kadesh and God miraculously kept their clothing and shoes from wearing out. Could this miracle have extended to their pottery as well. Perhaps God miraculously preserved their pottery from ... To this house were attached courtyards and beyond lay the rectangular houses, all of identical size and construction, laid out in rows. These secondary houses were long rectangles with entrances in the centre of one short side from where three stone steps led down to the semi-basement floors. No trace of curving walls or rounded comers is seen in ... The sediment that comprises the Natufian occupation was largely deposited by streams with limited cultural input. Throughout the wadi, the level of the valley floor was considerably higher during the Natufian occupation than today. ... The Natufian may well have extended a considerable distance both to the south and west, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha.htm

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The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ... Particular thanks are due to Mr. A. S. Kirkbride, British Resident, Transjordan, to Major J. B. Glubb, Officer Commanding the Arab Legion, Transjordan, and to Mr. Lankester Harding, Chief Curator, Transjordan Department of Antiquities, for the great ... At one time, for instance, for ten days on end, there were uninterrupted sandstorms of such severity over Tell el-Kheleif eh that often one could not see more than about twenty-five feet away. A considerable portion of the rooms on the north side of ... population must be thought of as residing farther to the east, nearer the modern village of `Aqabah, where there is more protection from the winds and the sands in the lee of the hills and where the drinking water is almost completely non-brackish. ... One of the jars was partly broken. .The mouth of this jar had. been closed with a heavy stone stopper,. and further sealed with a clay covering; over which a large, curved fragment of pottery had been placed. The heavy debris which had fallen on top ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta ... We not only question this, we find that even suggesting Kadesh at Ein el Qudeirat creates great contradiction in scripture. Historically, before 1881 AD the almost unanimous opinion was that Kadesh Barnea was located transjordan east of the Arabah valley. b. The current choice for Kadesh Barnea at Ein el Qudeirat, located south ... Nebo was even though it was not originally part of the promised land and it was granted by way of concession and added to the promised land. Numbers 32:5; Joshua 22:25-27 clearly show that the tribe of Reuben set up the second replica altar on the east side of the Jordan so that later generations had proof that the land was indeed ... The Onomasticon says that in their day, you could still see the rock Moses struck at Kadesh and the tomb of Aaron were at Petra. At Petra, the 1 km long Siq that the water was channeled down is called, the "wadi of Moses" according to ancient tradition. Eusebius writes: "Kadesh Barnea (or Cades Barnea): "Kadea Barne. The desert ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Cana 40 BC ... After this He went down to Capernaum, He and His mother and His brothers and His disciples; and they stayed there a few days." (John 2:1-12) 2. "Therefore He came again to Cana of Galilee where He had made the water wine. And there was a royal official whose son was sick at Capernaum. When he heard that Jesus had come out ... Now at this time my [Josephus] abode was in a village of Galilee, which is named Cana." (Josephus, Life 86) 5. "History of Cana of Galilee: Cana of Galilee has a long history. Worked stone littering the site indicates occupation as far back as the Neolithic period. Iron Age (1200-586 B.C.E.) pottery is also evident. The ... As their rule extended to the north to include Galilee, much of Cana probably became Jewish. When the Romans took over the region in 63 B.C.E., major changes began to alter the landscape. The city of Sepphoris was built (and rebuilt) on the other side of the Bet Netofah Valley from Cana, and bustling trade began taking place between Cana and such ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cana-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-khirbet-qana-John2-miracle-water-wine-stoneware-pot-pillar-mikveh-30bc.htm

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Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Greek Geographer/historian) ... Digging began in the part of the Egyptian plain nearest to Arabia; the mountains that extend to Memphis (the mountains where the stone quarries are) come close to this plain; [3] the canal is led along the foothills of these mountains in a long reach ... At each mouth is a walled city, which is divided into two parts by the river and provided on each side of the mouth with pontoon bridges and guard-houses at suitable points. From the Pelusiac mouth there is an artificial canal to the Arabian Gulf and ... the sea was higher than the land: and so Sesostris first and Dareius after him gave up digging the canal for fear the water of the river should be ruined by an admixture of sea-water." (Aristotle, Meteorology 1.14.25) d. "There is another canal ... A hoard of thousands of Attic tetradrachma was also discovered at the shrine, reflecting the prosperity of trade flowing through this vital artery to the Nile from the Red Sea." (New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, David F. Graf, Arab, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-herodotus-484bc.htm

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Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... Read the Gospel of Matthew and believe Jesus died on the cross for your sins and rose the third day. Repent of your sins by becoming morally obedient to Jesus Christ. Confess to others that you believe Jesus is the Son of God. Be immersed in water for the remission of your sins. Then: Attend a Bible Believing church every Sunday. ... The Uruk Archaeological Ages are based upon pottery and object assemblages found during excavations at Tel Uruk. Earliest Archaeological ages: Flood to first pyramids (3298-2660 BC) 1. Noahic Flood: 3298 BC: Oldest possible archaeological age. 2. Stone Age: [3298-2500 BC] Assemblage of the earliest period immediately after flood ... [P4], containing Luke 3:20 through 4:2. Dated to the second century AD, this is the oldest known extant manuscript preserving Luke 3:36 and the surrounding text mirroring the genealogies of Genesis 5 and 11. On the middle-right side of the papyrus, the names of the patriarchs from Comfort's reconstruction above can easily be seen. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm

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Timna ... We may perhaps see here a repetition of the story of the Egyptian mines in Sinai where, after obvious conditions of enmity at the beginning of mining in the Wadi Maghara with defensive walls put up around the miners' camps and even a stronghold in the centre of the valley, the Egyptians, after initial setbacks, reached a ... Warning men: it is not currently a good idea to call your lady friend a cow... times have changed in 3300 years. Click to View A square pillar with a face of Hathor on each side was re-used as a standing stone by the Midianites, who deliberately defaced the Goddess's features. (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) "A number of architectural elements, the ... In the Central Negev, in the area south of the Jeruham valley and north of the Makhtesh Ramon, there existed numerous settlements based on dry farming in terraced wadi beds and the use of cisterns and run-off rain water for irrigation. These settlements and the casemate fortlets attached were generally identified as ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... ... The identification of Kadesh-Barnea with Ein el-Qudeirat is generally accepted today. Its strategic location on two important ancient routes, its abundance of water and its correspondence with Biblical geography makes this the most likely candidate; no other site offers a convincing alternative. The tell at Kadesh-Barnea (formerly Tell el-Qudeirat and now called Tela Kadesh-Barnea) is scenically located in the deep, narrow valley of the Wadi el-Ein, at the crossroads of two of the most important ... Parallel to the casemate walls on all four sides was a row of rooms, enclosing a central courtyard. Except for a small area paved with stone, the floors were of beaten earth. On the floor of this fortress we found many complete pottery vessels, both ... The depth of the overlying debris prevented us from determining its ground plan until our 1979 season. At that time, we opened a new area on the eastern side of the tell below and between two of the projecting towers of the later fortresses. Here we ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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Comparison list of 64 Moses/Christ Shadows, Types, Antitypes ... ... And he stretched it out, and his hand was restored." (Mark 3:5) 53. Both washed with water, those they appointed and commissioned: Lev. 8:6; Jn 13:5 a. "Then Moses had Aaron and his sons come near and washed them with water." (Leviticus 8:6) b. "Then He poured water into the basin, and began to wash the disciples' feet and to ... But Moses' hands were heavy. Then they took a stone and put it under him, and he sat on it; and Aaron and Hur supported his hands, one on one side and one on the other. Thus his hands were steady until the sun set." (Exodus 17:10-12) b. "At that time two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right and one on the left." (Matthew 27:38) 61. Both their deaths and burials generated disputes and rumors: Deut 34:5-6; Jude 9; Mt 28:11-15 a. "So Moses the servant of the Lord died there in the land of Moab, according to the word of the Lord. And He buried him in the valley in the land of Moab, opposite Beth-peor; but no man knows his burial place to this day." ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/prophecy/Messianic-prophecy-Moses-Jesus-Christ-types-shadows-antitypes-similarities-comparisons-1446BC-AD33.htm

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Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... ... ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE RELIGIONS OF CANAAN AND ISRAEL 31 At Hazor, an Iron I zoomorphic figurine was found in Area L, near the entrance to the water tunnel (Ben-Tor and Bonfil, eds. 1997: 220). Farther west in the Galilee, a kernos uncovered at ... This may reflect the economic priorities of the Israelite worshippers, who could not afford to discard containers in the rather profligate manner of their Canaanite predecessors. Tel Reh. ov Tel Reh. ov, south of Beth Shean in the Jordan Valley... It contained an altar installation, made of a 1 m2 platform of unworked stone, set atop a 3 ˜ 3.55 m mudbrick platform. Four unhewn maoeoeebôt, similar to those from Divided Monarchy Tel Dan, stood on one side of the smaller stone platform. A limestone slab ... Beit-Arieh, ed. 1995]), Geshurites (Beitsaida [Arav et al. 2000]), and the Aramaeans (ªEn Gev [B. Mazar et al. 1964; Kochavi et al. 1992; B. Mazar 1993], Tel Tayinat [McEwan 1937; Ussishkin 1966], ªAin Dara [Abu Assaf 1990; Monson 2000]). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm

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Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times and Lands ... Today there is an iron fence surrounding the pool. The snail-like appearance of the spiral staircase goes underground and continues to the water source. "J. B. Pritchard's excavations at el-Jib in 1956, 1957, 1959, and 1960. Included among the finds ... side; so they fell down together. Therefore that place was called Helkath-hazzurim, which is in Gibeon." (2 Samuel 2:16) 14. "But Joab and Abishai pursued Abner, and when the sun was going down, they came to the hill of Ammah, which is in front of Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon." (2 Samuel 2:24) 15. "So Joab and Abishai his brother killed Abner because he had put their brother Asahel to death in the battle at Gibeon." (2 Samuel 3:30) 16. "When they were at the large stone ... sons of Gibeon, 95;" (Nehemiah 7:25) 29. "For the LORD will rise up as at Mount Perazim, He will be stirred up as in the valley of Gibeon, To do His task, His unusual task, And to work His work, His extraordinary work." (Isaiah 28:21) 30. "Now in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-gibeon-israel-el-jib.htm

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Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath ... Their weapons are scattered upon the sea. His arrow pierces whom of them he may have wished, and the fugitive is become one fallen into the water. His majesty is like an enraged lion, attacking his assailant with his arms: plundering on his right hand and powerful on his left hand, ... The Elah Valley splits the northern/eastern area occupied by the Hebrews from the western/southern portion occupied by the Philistines. e. The Philistines occupied Azekah south along the hills to Socoh. f. The Hebrews occupied the ridge on the north side of the Elah Valley. g. The Philistine camp was located in the valley to the south of Akekah. h. Saul's circular camp was located in the valley to the east of the Qeiyafa ... In the houses of Ashkelon they will lie down at evening; For the LORD their God will care for them And restore their fortune." (Zephaniah 2:4-7) VI. Philistine and Libyan Prisoners of War: 1. Rameses III (1184-1153 BC) capture Philistine prisoners of war: 1177 BC a. From a large stone ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm

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The "Aharoni Fortress" Near Quseima and the "Israelite Fortresses ... It marks an ancient route in this area, perhaps the biblical "road to Shur," represented by parallel lines, some designated with Arabic names, which drain into the valley at the foot of the hill. The Quseima region was always an important junction ... Between it and the threshold, in situ, the excavators found a stone socket for the door hinge (figure 10). It is 0.35 m in diameter and contains two well-polished holes, one inside the other, of diameters 0.12 m and 0.09 m, respectively. The socket, made of the local limestone, was inserted in the earth alongside a few stones that stood on their narrow ends. Two similarly positioned stones were standing at the other (northern) side of the threshold, but no further socket was discovered there. ... The failure to build next to permanent water sources (except for Qadesh Barnea`) and the recourse to cisterns also present problems; but this is the case with regard to both state-initiated and nomadic settlement. Thus, the locations of the sites do ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-aharoni-fortress-near-quseima-israelite-fortresses-in-negev-zeev-meshel-1994ad.htm

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Paul said Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia: Gal 4:25 ... The word answereth means "to stand or march in the same row with ... hence to stand over against, be parallel with." The word was used to refer to a file of soldiers. It shows that Mt. Sinai stands on the side of Ishmael and not on the side of Isaac. ... the heartland of the Arab nations was what is known today as Saudi Arabia, the Romans gave the name Arabia to a province of their empire which lay south and east of Palestine, in the corner of the Mediterranean world between Syria and Egypt. ... But then, how was it possible for them to tarry forty days in a desert place where there was no water, and at the same time to pass all over the country between that and Judea in the six days?" (Josephus, Against Apion 2.25) b. It is important to ... about our forefathers, when he affirms them to be of Egyptian original, when he lies also about himself?" (Josephus, Against Apion 2.28) 2. Arabia in the Old Testament was well defined to include Midian and east of the Arabah Valley where Edom lived. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-arabia-gal-4-25.htm

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Biblical Trinity is not borrowed from the pagans! ... in wilderness is of pagan origin: p61 Earthquake at cross is false: p62 Jesus Crucifixion was a Jewish human sacrifice of pagan origin: p69,76 Jesus Side Pierced is of pagan origin: p83,84 Jesus never actually died, two angels were only men: p93,94 Ascension is of pagan origin: p100 Jesus suffering to save us ... Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened, and the ears of the deaf shall hear. Then the lame shall leap as an hart, and the tongue of the stammerers shall be distinct: for water has broken forth in the wilderness, and a valley in the thirsty land; and the parched ground shall become pools, and a spring of water shall [rise up] in the thirsty land.' The spring ... he was begotten of a rock, and call the place where those who believe in him are initiated a cave, do I not perceive here that the utterance of Daniel, that a stone without hands was cut out of a great mountain, has been imitated by them, and that they have attempted likewise to imitate the whole of Isaiah's words? ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-pagan.htm

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Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Church and Christians: 1 Tim ... ... part of this court had no gate at all, but the wall was built entire on that side; but then the cloisters which were betwixt the gates, extended from the wall inward, before the chambers; for they were supported by very fine and large pillars. ... in secondary use as patio stones can be seen today on the north shore of the Sea of Galilee on the beech at the Church of the Primacy of St. Peter: "Below the steps, sometimes under water if the lake level is high, are six heart-shaped stones. ... Heart-shapes are found on the stone Table of the Scrolls at Magdala and on the mosaic floor at Jericho which features the Wooden Ark of the Scrolls cabinet. e. "Excavations at Magdala [Migdal, not the newly discovered site on the sea of Gailiee] were ... three suggestions for their location are presented in Period II-IV: either as the terminal columns on the floor or gallery level or as having been brought to the site in the early Arab period and not having been a part of the original building. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Columns-Pillars-Freestanding-Antitype-Christians-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-incorporated-spiritualized-similarities-church.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: New Testament Jericho 75 BC ... The synagogue complex and the palace were destroyed by the major earthquake of 31 BC (magnitude 7) which devastated the cities in the Western Jordan valley (such as Masada, Qumran and Jericho). Josephus Flavius wrote about this powerful quake (Ant. XV, Chapter 5): ... Phase 2 structures also included a water system, and a bathing suite consisting of a micrveh and two plastered rooms connected by a corridor. An attached room that included a U-shaped triclinium, a small, triangular room on the west side, and a kitchen was added in Phase 3. The synagogue was erected between 75-50 BCE by the Hasmonean queen Shlomzion and was probably destroyed by the earthquake of 31 BCE. Herod's second palace was built on part of it, about ... Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian Maker 3. Ritual purity stone Vessels: Stoneware cups and wash basins 4. Freestanding Columns: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jericho-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-bema-ark-of-scrolls-niche-mikveh-oven-samaritan-Bartimaeus-Zaccheus-75bc.htm

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Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh: A ... ... Rooms 114 (the long casemate to the right), 113, 112, 111, 109, 107, and 103 are visible. FIg. 10. The four-chambered gate from the north. Rooms 100A, 1008, and the later blocking of Room 100C are visible. Water sources are located near the mound. Note the modern gardens and wells to the south. Fig. 11. General view of the ... The northern quadrant remains buried beneath the excavation's northern dump. Pinkerfeld described the casemate square as a Giirtel of rooms which measured ca. 45 m on each preserved side. Glueck first described the casemate complex as a row of industrial work-shops associated with the nearby smelting installation, the four-room ... Rothenberg, B. 1962 Ancient Copper Industries in the Western Arabah. Palestine Exploration Quarterly (January-June): 44-56. 1970 An Archaeological Survey of South Sinai. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 102: 4-29. 1972 Timna. Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines. London: Thames & Hudson. Rothenberg, B. and Glass, J. 1981 Midianite ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico-1985ad.htm

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Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... First, both Basta and Beidha share a close geographic proximity. Basta is a short distance from Petra as you follow a large natural valley between the two cities. Topographically the two cities are connected by the natural terrain. Second, It is ... In my book on Nimrod and the archeology of the Tower of Babel, Tortoise pottery from Eridu, found in Temple 8 beside a platform in a niche containing sacrificial goat-fish bones to the water-god Enki. 4. Another issue to be taken into account on ... The sophisticated, high quality pottery that has been excavated in ancient Eridu (and many other places in Nimrod's kingdom) before the Tower of Babel provides good evidence that "stone age" cultures existed both during and long after the invention ... As far as we can recognize clear units, most belong to the Basta House type, consisting of a central space with a row of small chambers attached to at least one side. There is one unit in each area, however, which clearly diverges from this scheme. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm

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The Book of Jubilees: A fictional Jewish chronology of real world ... ... And his father taught him writing. And he went forth in order that he might seek a place where he could build a city. 3 And he found a writing which the ancestors engraved on stone. And he read what was in it. And he transcribed it. And he sinned because of what was in it, since there was in it the teaching of the ... And it goes toward the mountains of Qelt toward the north, toward the Ma'uk Sea, and it comes toward the east of Gadir up toward the edge of the water of the sea. 27 And it goes on until it draws near toward the west of Fereg and it returns toward 'Afreg. And it goes on toward the east, toward the water of the Me'at Sea. 28 And it goes on toward the side of the Tina ... And Abram went to Hebron and he dwelt there. 22* And in that year Chedorlaomer, king of Elam; and Amraphel, king of Shinar; and Arioch, king of Sellasar; and Tergal, king of the nations, came and killed the king of Gomorrah, but the king of Sodom fled. And many fell with wounds in the valley of Siddim, by the sea ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/book-of-Jubilees-full-text-PDF-Free-Online-Chronology-ancient-Jewish-calendar-Textual-variants-Bible-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Rabbinical-Judaism-170BC.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... ... of stone, written by the finger of God." (Exodus 31:18) b. "Then Moses turned and went down from the mountain with the two tablets of the testimony in his hand, tablets which were written on both sides; they were written on one side and the other. ... He made with the sons of Israel." b. 1 Kings 8:9,21: V9 There was nothing in the ark except the two tablets of stone which Moses put there at Horeb, where the Lord made a covenant with the sons of Israel, when they came out of the land of Egypt." ... ... So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; he did not eat bread or drink water. And he wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the Ten Commandments." (Exodus 34:27-28) 6. Christians do not keep the Ten commandments because ... From this time, Aramaic is attested in Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, Syria, parts of Asia Minor, Assyria, Babylonia, Armenia, and the Indus Valley. Of what was surely a vast corpus of administrative documents, only a portion has survived. The bulk is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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How long was the flood? How long did it take to Build Noah's ... ... The royal cubit is known from Old Kingdom architecture dating from at least as early as the construction of the Step Pyramid of Djoser around 2,700 BCE" (The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary, Mark H. Stone, Journal of Anthropology, Volume ... the door of the ark in the side of it; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks." (Genesis 6:16) 2. Most envision the ark as a boat with three decks where, "lower" is the bottom deck, second is the middle deck above the "lower" and a second deck as the top deck. 3. But if you count from the top down you get four decks: The main deck with three lower decks: "lower" is the second deck and implies a main deck. So a reading would be you will build a m ain deck with first lower, second ... old Egyptian/Babylonian cubit) 3. The flood was a total of 300 days while the actual time Noah was aboard the ark was 377 days. 4. At the peak of the highest water level was 15 cubits (309 inches or 25.75 feet or 7.85 meters) above the summit of Mt. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ark/noahs-ark-dimensions-size-120-years-time-to-build-75-years.htm

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Saul Hunts David. Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges ... ... Not much wonder the Jews wanted to stone Jesus when he said HE was personally greater than the physical temple. Additional examples of Jesus justifying the breaking of the Sabbath: "You hypocrites, does not each of you on the Sabbath untie his ox or ... But Jesus' reply implicates the Father in also breaking the sabbath along side of Jesus. Now we have both the Father and the Son breaking the sabbath. In our war against "situation ethics" where liberals argue that all moral laws "ethics" can be broken, given the right "situation", we have thrown the baby out with the bath water. There are no situations when moral laws can be broken without sin. The sabbath law (the fourth commandment) was a ceremonial law, and God himself gave many examples of ... The text says David was "in the wilderness of Maon, in the Arabah to the south of Jeshimon." Arabah generally refers to the low valley areas north and south of the Salt Sea, but this reference must refer to the area of lowland near the western ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-1samuel-21-31-saul-david-on-the-run-1012-1004bc.htm

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Coins of the Maccabean Hasmonean Era 166-37 BC. Messianic Star ... ... But they said, "We will not come out, nor will we do what the king commands and so profane the sabbath day." Then the enemy quickly attacked them. But they did not answer them or hurl a stone at them or block up their hiding places, for they said, "Let us all die in our innocence; heaven and earth testify for us that you ... And Jonathan said to those with him, "Let us get up now and fight for our lives, for today things are not as they were before. For look! the battle is in front of us and behind us; the water of the Jordan is on this side and on that, with marsh and thicket; there is no place to turn. Cry out now to Heaven that you may be delivered from the hands of ... king of the Arabians, who had laid an ambush for him near Golan, and a plot against him, he lost his entire army, which was crowded together in a deep valley, and broken to pieces by the multitude of camels; and when he had made his escape to Jerusalem, he provoked the multitude, who hated him before, to make an ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Maccabean-Hasmonean-166-37BC.htm

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enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... The regional approach to archaeological research is gradually assuming a predominant role in Israel. In the Negev this trend may be traced back to the early 1960s when Y. Aharoni began his regional research in the Arad-Beersheva Valley, a project that has continued even after his untimely death in 1976. This project, preceded by a ... To this phase may also belong the astonishingly deep well that was hewn into the same slope, next to one of the dwelling pits. Stratum VIII. This stratum is characterized by the reuse of many of the pits, but is also witness to the first stone-built dwelling, apparently of thefour-room house type, constructed near the well. There ... The fact that no free-standing casemate walls were constructed may be deduced from the disjuncted orientation of the walls of the rear rooms. Careful observation of the northern side of the settlement shows that each dwelling unit was built separately: although the two rear walls are parallel, they do not form a straight line from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm

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How Petra was Built, Shaher M. Rababeh, 2005, p223-227 The experience of the Nabataeans digging wells to store water underground is the only architectural skill reported in Diodorus' account of 312 BC.2 What I found is that very few construction features can be attributed to the Edomites, the earlier ... Their unique use was in limestone walls of Khirbet et-Tannur, but not in sandstone walls of Petra. This shows that their selective use of techniques is related to the properties of the stone and their knowledge of them. The proportions the Nabataeans ... The use of lifting equipment is also evidenced by the presence of handling bosses, slots on the side of the column drums, and the horizontal grooves in the bottom of some column drums. Notably, the use of slots and horizontal grooves are unusual and ... The use of the "mixed technique" is also found elsewhere occasionally, as in the Tomb of Absalom in the Kirdon Valley in Jerusalem33 and in tomb 13 at Etenna in southern Anatolia,34 but it is not as frequent or not on the same scale as at Petra. In ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-how-petra-was-built-shaher-m-rababeh-2005ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gamla 76 BC ... A plastered mikveh near entrance was located beside the synagogue which was fed water from rain water from the roof. 8. The Ark of the Scrolls niche: a. See also: Niches & Ark of The Scrolls: Prototype of Church Apse b. A wooden cabinet was place in this niche area to house the Septuagint ... It was the home of the founder of the sect of the Zealots: Judas of Galilee/Gamla 3. Gamla was the location of one of several great suicide "Masada-like" rebellions of the first Jewish war. a. "a great number also of those that were surrounded on every side, and despaired of escaping, threw their children and their wives, and themselves also, down the precipices, into the valley beneath, which, near the citadel, ... Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian Maker 3. Ritual purity stone Vessels: Stoneware cups and wash basins 4. Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Christians 5. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gamla-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-ark-scrolls-niche-mikveh-heart-columns-bema-Judas-jewish-war-ballista-coin-76bc.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... Titus and his forces began the siege of Jerusalem just a little before Passover AD 70. (Wars 5.67-108). a. "These legions had orders to encamp at the distance of six furlongs from Jerusalem, at the mount called the mount of Olives, which lies over against the city on the east side, and is parted from it by a deep valley, interposed between them, which is named Kidron." (Josephus Wars 5:70) b. Notice the Witness of Revelation named JESUS son of Ananus (same name as High priest who killed Jesus, possibly his son) was killed by a ballista stone while the three waring Jewish rebel leaders were fighting but the Romans were not. ... Josephus draws another synchronism between 587 BC and AD 70 in that the springs of Jerusalem dried up until the arrival of those who would destroy the city (Nebuchadnezzar, Titus) and with their arrival water began to flow abundantly for them. "as for Titus, those springs that were formerly almost dried up when they were under your power since he is come, run more ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-Commentary-Josephus-Chronology-Destruction-Jerusalem-First-Jewish-War-70AD.htm

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