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enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog ... Somewhat later, Cohen and Meshel began their systematic exploration of the central Negev high-lands, concentrating mainly on what they referred to as Iron Age or Israelite fortresses. ... The objectives of the present study are to provide a comparison of Early Iron Age data from both regions and to offer a synthesis of the material. Geographic Terminology The modern term ... The pottery from these structures consists of two types: handmade Negev ware (sometimes called "Negebite ware") and wheel-made vessels of the types common in Judah at the time. Since recent discoveries have shown that the Negebite ware had an ... Tel Aviv 4: 110-35. 1979 Who Built the 'Israelite Fortresses' in the Negev Highlands. Cathedra 11: 4-28 (Hebrew). 1981 The History of "Darb el-Ghaza"—the Ancient Road to Eilat and ... 1970 Megiddo of the Kings of Israel. The Biblical Archaeologist 33: 66-96. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-enclosed-settlements-negeb-wilderness-beer-sheba-zeev-herzog-1983ad.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system History of Bible coins and the Hebrew money weight system "Can I justify wicked scales and a bag of deceptive weights?" (Micah 6:11) Coins of the Bible Coins of Jesus ... Instead, a weight standard existed similar to the Gold Standard the world used up to the 20th century. Most weigh stones during the Iron age (1100-587 BC) were smooth ... the herds of cattle are my lord's. There is nothing left in the sight of my lord but our bodies and our lands. Shall we die before your eyes, both we and our land? ... silver: "Then some Midianite traders passed by, so they pulled him up and lifted Joseph out of the pit, and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. ... Before coins (600 BC) everything was measured by weight or volume. Today 6 shekel coins in Israel will buy you a coffee. In ancient times 6 shekels was a specific ... leaving Kadesh Barnea Israel was commanded: "You shall purchase food from them [Edom/Moab] for money [lit: Silver], so that you may eat; and you shall also buy water ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... The location of Tell el-Kheleifeh approximates therefore the description in I Kings 9:26 of Ezion-geber's being located "beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." When ... Macalister, The Excavations of Gezer, I, 199-202; McCown, Tell en-Nasbeh, I, 209; Kelso, Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, II, 838; Sellin and Watzinger, Jericho, pp. 67-68 and pl. ... Elath, 18th Archaeological Convention (1962), pp. 105-8 (IIebrew). 14. Letter dated Dec. 18, 1938. Israelites to the art of metallurgy, may also have had wheel-made pottery going back to the beginnings of Iron I, some examples of ... His Fig. 5. Ancient copper mine shaft at Timna. finding of additional places where cupriferous sandstone or nodules of silica-bound copper-ores were mined is also helpful. Welcome too is the ... B.C.), see Dothan, Elath (1962), 116-7 (Hebrew); Yadin, The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands, pp. 376-7; Aharoni in God's Wilder- ness' pp. 122-5. For the possible ascription of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD Transjordan Kadesh Barnea in the negev where Israel spent 38 years from 1445-1407 BC (barnea = wilderness). One located north of Israel in Syria: (Kadesh on the Orontes) "Then they ... as we call it, drew attention away from the Arabah Valley in the search for Kadesh Barnea. 100 years later, we are using the Bible to again look for Kadesh at or near the Petra area. ... Based on the reference in Numbers 20:16 to Kadesh as being on the border of Edom and the fact that the Aravah was thought to be the western border of Edom, various oases in the Aravah ... In fact, Ein-Qedeis is a shallow pool of water surrounded by a desert wasteland. Ein-Qedeis could not have been a major ancient center like Kadesh-Barnea." (Did I Excavate ... This passageway was found blocked by stones. (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) E. Negev pottery found at Ein Qedeis: More on Negev Pottery. The remains of the pottery, found in the ash layer that covered the beaten-earth ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... We are now in a position, I believe, not only to understand the maritime background of this joint venture—the most celebrated naval enterprise in the Bible—but also ... Now 2 Chronicles: "Then Solomon went to Ezion-Geber, and to Eloth, on the seacoast of the land of Edom. Huram [Hiram] sent him, under the charge of his servants, ... Then in 1962 Beno Rothenberg, who had served as Glueck's chief assistant and photographer, published a paper entitled "Ancient Copper Industries in the Western ... Finally, the pottery dated to King Solomon's time could not be reliably dated so early. Rothenberg's arguments appeared irrefutable, and in 1965, in an article in The ... We soon abandoned this idea when it became apparent how common this pottery was at contemporary sites in the Negev."7 Glueck also revised his view of the natural ... Pottery found on the island by Rothenberg in 1972 and a small quantity collected by us in 1968 has been dated to Iron Age I (1200-930 B.C.) Rothenberg's excavation of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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Josiah, King of Judah 640-609 BC seals, bulla. They're Digging ... rough places smooth; I will shatter the doors of bronze and cut through their iron bars. "I will give you the treasures of darkness And hidden wealth of secret ... Shlomo Moussaieff #1: 1997 AD Unprovenanced Full outline King Josiah, Widow's Plea Inscription on pottery shard: "May Yahweh bless you with peace [Ps 22:11]. And now, ... to him who came in, for many disturbances afflicted all the inhabitants of the lands. "Nation was crushed by nation, and city by city, for God troubled them with ... (2 Chronicles 15:1-8) ASA 911-870 BC (41 years) JOSIAH 640-609 BC (31 years) Bible was ignored, Idol worship rampant "For many days Israel was without the true God ... This same language is used throughout the Bible against other destructions of nations including: Jerusalem, Babylon, Egypt and Edom. Prophecy Prophetic language used ... Habakkuk never dreamed the Babylonians would be God's rod of chastening for Judah. 2. Be faithful living among the lost, holding firm to the ancient Bible blueprint: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-josiah-king-of-judah-hilkiah-high-priest-find-lost-book-law-of-moses-seal-bulla-640-609bc.htm

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The Madaba map (mosaic floor) 542 AD St. George's Orthodox church ... But this is a devotional map for worship. The map is famous because it is one of the oldest maps of Bible lands in the world. The Madaba map, is was clearly based ... When they built the map, one 1/2 inch cube of stone mosaic as a time, they likely never realized they were working on what would be the most important ancient map in ... What we do learn from all this, is that their understanding of the Gulf of Aqaba was as bad as their understanding of the Bible geography as the scriptures revealed. ... His description of it was quite accurate. On the assumption that " Mount Seir " and "the land of Edom " had the 'Arabah for its western border, and that all Biblical ... Mapsis (cf. also Avi-Yonah) and has a large Roman fort as well as Nabatean and Iron II sherds. The Madaba Map using Jerome's spelling has located properly Mampsis. ... In recent years the site has been surveyed by numerous scholars. In 1980, in the framework of the Negev Emergency Survey, Mo'a was examined by a team directed by D. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-madaba-map.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... II. The Bible story of the assassination of Gedaliah, 1st governor of Judea: Gedaliah was the first Judean governor who ruled for 3 months in 587 BC: Tammuz-Tishri ... Those who hid in the Judean fields or fled to Ammon, Moab and Edom instead of "sitting on the 70 year time out bench" in Babylon as God commanded, violated Jeremiah's ... from the land of Benjamin, from the lowland, from the hill country and from the Negev, bringing burnt offerings, sacrifices, grain offerings and incense, and bringing ... and an everlasting desolation." (Jeremiah 25:9) ""Now I have given all these lands into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, My servant, and I have given ... Persian age that began in 333 BC. During the Persian era we know the names of 8 governors of Judah including their several bullae, pottery handle stamps and coins! ... Three ancient authentic sources (7th century, one 8th) that show that the significant portion of the Jewish community initially viewed Muhammad as the messiah, just ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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Jehoiakim, King of Judah 609-598 BC seals, bulla They're Digging ... ... It is now well known that two methods of reckoning the years of a reign were in use in the Ancient Near East: the one most usual in the history books of the Old Testament counts the months between ... and He will rule them with a rod of iron; and He treads the wine press of the fierce wrath of God, the Almighty." (Revelation 19:15) The balance of Jer 25 condemns all nations for their sin. ... Nebuchadnezzar made arrangements for the refugees who followed, that they should be placed in colonies. The "Bible Lands Museum" in Jerusalem recently published the 103 Cuneiform tables called the "Al ... The floor of this house, only partly excavated, was covered by a thick charred destruction layer containing the bullae as well as pottery vessels, arrowheads and limestone cult stands, all of which ... Babylonian Chronicles cuneiform tablet line 15-20 2nd year of Nebuchadnezzar 6th year of Jehoiakim starting in Tishri (Sept 604) 1. The Hatti-land is the region of Egypt, Judea, Syria, Moab, Edom ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Jehoiakim-Eliakim-king-judah-Jeremiah-36-burnt-scroll-2ki23-33-bible-burner-satan-609-598bc.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... Any book published before AD 1971 will in error when converting Bible dates and those used by Josephus of about three weeks. d. Almost all dates in most published ... Again many Christians populated the world from Egypt, to Rome. Sixth: There is zero evidence from ancient literary sources that Nero's 42-month persecution of ... These Christians were able to take some of their wealth, even selling lands/houses/possessions and would be in Asia before any of the war reached Jerusalem. 4. A few ... those who managed the ram, under the protection of the hurdles, with fire, and iron weapons, and stones; (241) and these could do little or nothing, but fell ... The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada in 1965 AD with the names of each of the last men written in Aramaic, including the commander ... yourself bonds and yokes and put them on your neck, and send word to the king of Edom, to the king of Moab, to the king of the sons of Ammon, to the king of Tyre and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-Commentary-Josephus-Chronology-Destruction-Jerusalem-First-Jewish-War-70AD.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... Any book published before AD 1971 will in error when converting Bible dates and those used by Josephus of about three weeks. d. Almost all dates in most published ... Again many Christians populated the world from Egypt, to Rome. Sixth: There is zero evidence from ancient literary sources that Nero's 42-month persecution of ... These Christians were able to take some of their wealth, even selling lands/houses/possessions and would be in Asia before any of the war reached Jerusalem. 4. A few ... those who managed the ram, under the protection of the hurdles, with fire, and iron weapons, and stones; (241) and these could do little or nothing, but fell ... The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada in 1965 AD with the names of each of the last men written in Aramaic, including the commander ... yourself bonds and yokes and put them on your neck, and send word to the king of Edom, to the king of Moab, to the king of the sons of Ammon, to the king of Tyre and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible%20Only%20Revelation%20Commentary%20Josephus-Chronology%20Destruction%20Jerusalem%20Steven%20Rudd.pdf

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The Kenites and the Kenite Territory The Kenites settled in the southern part of Judah: "wilderness of Judah which is in the south of Arad" Judges 1:16. This was close to the Kenites ancestral homeland of Midian "Then Moses said to Hobab the son of Reuel the Midianite, Moses' father-in-law, "We are setting out to the place of which the Lord said, 'I will give it to you'; come with us and we will do you good, for the Lord has promised good concerning Israel." Numbers 10:29 Click to View A. Midianite pottery: Midianite pottery was imported from Qurayyah in modern Saudi Arabia. (see map) The Kenites are a sect of Midianites that Moses invited to join him in the promised land. After settling in the Negev, the Kenites were responsible for importing their own pottery into their new home. See details of Midianite Pottery that the Kenite imported into Israel and Timna B. What the Bible says about the Kenites: "the Kenite and the Kenizzite and the Kadmonite" Genesis 15:19 "And he looked at the Kenite, and took up his discourse and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kenites-hobab-midianites.htm

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Master Index of Places Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD Mareshah Mt. Karkom Mt. Musa (Mt. Sinai) Ramah Ramon Crater Shiloh Socoh Succoth, Tel Deir Alla Tel Rehov, Apiary Timna of Delilah Urartu Kingdom Palace Zorah Nations of Bible lands: The Edomites The Moabites The Samaritans The Amorites and Tobiah the ammonite The Kenites (Midianites) The Ammonites The Amalekites Biblical borders of Israel Biblical borders of Egypt The Ishmaelites and ... Solomon's network of military border fortresses: For overview: read the introduction Ein Qudeirat Ein Qedeis Ein Quseima Loz Ponds Kuntillet Ajrud Elat Tell el-kheleifeh Jezirat Faraun Khirbat en-Nahas Haseva Ein Muweileh Pottery of the Bible: Midianite Pottery: The fine china Negev Pottery: Disposable dishware Cypriot pottery: Expensive imports Temple of Jupiter photo gallery Click to View The Kingdom of Solomon: Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-index.htm

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Ai, Israel: Khirbet El-Maqatir: Master Index of Free Bible Maps ... Now there was a famine in the land; so Abram went down to Egypt to sojourn there, for the famine was severe in the land." (Genesis 12:8-10) 2. Abraham left Egypt and returned to where he built his altar at or near Ai: "He went on his journeys from the Negev as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai, to the place of the altar which he had made there formerly; and ... Photo gallery and current archeology: Late Bronze 1400 BC Time of Joshua click to view Gate of Ai burnt by Joshua click to view Infant burial jar Iron 1 House 1200 BC Time of Deborah House built into wall Pottery from Iron 1 house Roman House Time of Christ 50 AD First century Roman house at the time of Jesus Byzantine church 400 AD Byzantine church marking Ai Bible passages: Genesis 12:8, Genesis 13:3, Joshua 7:1-5, Joshua 8:1-29, Joshua 9:3, Joshua 10:1-2, Joshua 12:9, Ezra 2:28, Nehemiah 7:32, Jeremiah 49:3 1. "Then he proceeded from there to the mountain on the east ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-ai-israel-khirbet-el-maqatir.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... Ostraca, Tablets and Inscriptions of the Bible Click to View Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean Negev and ... Arad #88 "Neco II appoints Jehoiakim" Edomite attack on Judah Ira #1 "Commanders of Ramah" Click to enlarge map Map of Arad, Ramah-Negev (Ira) Introduction: Ostraca (singular = ostracon) are any type of writing on clay fired pottery Ostraca were often created when seals of personal property likely imprinted on large storage jars before ... In 597, while Nebuchadnezzar's army was invading Judah from the north, the fortress was captured and destroyed again, apparently by raiders from Edom. The excavators of Arad found over a hundred Hebrew inscriptions and ostraca, most of them fragmentary, dating from the ninth century to the early sixth century b.c.e." (Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Letters, J. M. Lindenberger, Vol. 14, p114, 2003 AD) FIVE OSTRACA: From ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... ... After the 10th century, the southern border of Judah receded: Cohen discovered that all the Iron Age sites in the Central Negev contained remains which dated only to the 10th century. The sites excavated by Cohen have all produced remains of ... including cooking-pots, juglets, and jars similar to 10th-century pottery found throughout the country; and (2) hand-made pottery, sometimes known as Negev ware, which consists of a few, relatively simple forms found only at sites in the central and southern Negev. ... — may prove to be a center of its manufacture and thus a key to understanding its patterns of use and dissemination in the southern areas of ancient Palestine. Fig. 3. One of four Hebrew ostraca discovered in the fortress at Kadesh Barnea. ... 9"The Iron Age Pottery of the Timna` and `Amran Area," Palestine Exploration Quarterly 94 (1962): 66. 10Rothenberg, Timna, p. 117. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm

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Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... Yahweh bless you and keep you and be with you". b. Founded as a Negev border fortress by Solomon, it was occupied by the pagan Jews from the corrupt northern tribes whose capital was Samaria. c. Notice that they are Jews ... Anchor Bible Dictionary, 1991 AD). Several anomalies that make Kuntillet Ajrud unique include: no Negevite war pottery has been found to date. Unusual benches retrofitted inside the triple gate of the original fortress as a second use as a waiting room of some kind before gaining entrance. The secondary purpose of this structure is a mystery and some have concluded it was a spiritual rest stop type of place, but not an actual temple of worship per se. The strategic location of Kuntillet Ajrud is located 15 km west of the ancient Darb ... After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new date ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm

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Shiloh Israel: Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times ... ... Noah used the 20.6 inch cubit in building the ark: Moses' cubit in use during the 18th dynasty pharaohs back to the time the Hyksos and Abraham as seen in the excavation reports at Tell el-Dab'a (ancient Goshen, Rameses and ... enjoys the favor of his master, [for] the fan-bearer on the right hand of the king, who is at the feet of the master of the Two Lands, who has not left the side of the Good God [the king] wherever his feet have led him . . .'" ... Time of Joshua Iron 1 House 1200 BC Time of Deborah Roman House Time of Christ 50 AD Byzantine church 400 AD Bible passages: Genesis 12:8, Genesis 13:3, Joshua 7:1-5, Joshua 8:1-29, Joshua 9:3, Joshua 10:1-2, Joshua 12:9, Ezra 2:28, Nehemiah 7:32, Jeremiah 49:3 1. "Then he proceeded from there to the mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; and there he built an altar to the LORD and called upon the name of the LORD. " (Genesis 12:8) 2. "He went on his journeys from the Negev as far as ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-tel-shiloh-israel-archeological-excavations-associates-for-bible-research-find-a-dig-tabernacle-of-moses-cubit-20.6-inches-1399-1094BC.htm

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The Fortresses King Solomon Built to Protect His Southern Border ... ... But the existence of three basic plans does not contradict my basic thesis that the network in its entirety was notably short-lived, not enduring more than a half-century at most. The three different shapes may be reflected in different words for fortresses used in the Bible. Professor Benjamin Mazar has ... Here he found "large quantities of crude, handmade, friable, smoke-blackened pots, many of which were built up on a mat, and most of which have various simple types of horn- or ledge-handles, or combinations of both."10 Subsequently, similar hand-made pottery was found at numerous Iron Age sites in the Central Negev and Timna-Eilat area. Aharoni related it to the ... 61. 10. Glueck, "The First Campaign at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Ezion-Geber)," BASOR 71 (1938), p. 14; BASOR 79 (1940), pp. 17-18. 11. Aharoni et al., "The Ancient Desert Agriculture of the Negev V: An Israelite Agricultural Settlement at Ramat Matred," IEJ 10 (1960), pp. 97-111. 12. Cohen, "Kadesh-Barnea: A ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/fortresses-king-solomon-built-to-protect-his-southern-border-rudolph-cohen-1985ad.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... Early in this century, a general scholarly consensus emerged, identifying Kadesh-barnea with Tell el-Qudeirat, located in the fertile valley watered by the spring of 'Ain el-Qudeirat. In the Bible, Kadesh-barnea, also known as Enmishpat, "The Spring of Judgement" (Gen. 14:7), served as a nomadic and semi-nomadic judicial and cultic centre for the confederation of tribes which wandered in the Negev and ... It was from Kadesh that Moses sent twelve men to spy out the land (Num. 13:26), and messengers to the king of Edom to request passage through his territory (Num. 20:14). The abundance of water at the ... He also distinguished a phase, preceding the erection of the fortress, which he associated with the so-called "Negebite" pottery - crude, handmade vessels characteristic of the central Negev. A ... In Beersheba and Nahal Besor region there is ample proof of resettlement -between ancient Arad and Tell el Far'ah in Nahal Besor, even though the character of this settlement is difficult to define. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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1001 BC: Papyrus Moscow 127: Wermai's Odyssey & Tragic Tale of ... Edomites] and he would have returned to us again. Would that he had reached my (people) Sbtyw [ie. Edomites]." (Steve Rudd Adapted from Kitchen) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! Edom was founded by Esau, twin brother of Jacob (born 2006 BC) ... Kitchen believes 'fetch deliverance even from afar' shows that these Seirites were far from Egypt and not resident in Egypt. Map of ancient Edom: (Detailed outline on Edom) I. Translation of Papyrus Moscow 127: "If (I) only had sent him (the messenger) ... of the borders to Pedjetshu, jumps to the opposite side of the delta to Tjemeh (Libyan territory) and Tjehnu before returning from the foreign lands to Troia (Tura) and travelling upstream into Upper Egypt, arriving at Kenmet (the Kharga Oasis). ... The Papyrus Moscow (Pushkin Museum) 127 echoes the story of Hadad the Edomite in 1 Kings 11:14-22 and confirms through archeology, the Bible record that Edom, Egypt and Judah were in direct contact with each other from the Iron age (David, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-edomites-Papyrus-Moscow-127-Pushkin-museum-Tale-of-Woe-Letter-of-Wermai-story-odyssey-tragedy-Seir-Egypt-1001bc.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... The result is one of the most important archeological discoveries of all time. There are references to four Bible characters, including Moses. "What we read in the book, we find in the ground" Archeological Evidence for the Egyptian Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel Introduction: 1. The amount of archeological information we possess today for the ancient history of Israel is enormous. a. ... Abraham goes to Egypt then returns to Khirbet el Maqatir: "He went on his journeys from the Negev as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai," ... KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: AI OF JOSHUA (1446 BC): Notice the Late bronze (1406 BC) wall that surrounded the city Joshua conquered, had later Iron I (1200-1000 BC) walls built into it to created houses for ... written. a. see details: Papyrus Berlin 3022. b. This amazing papyri is the earliest evidence of Edom from archeology. 3. In 1899 BC, Joseph (Age 17) goes looking for his brothers at Shechem and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies called Zepâta. (Robinson also visited this spot, but could not discover the name of the ruins.) Rowlands could not for a moment doubt that this was the site of the ancient Zephath (or Hormah, vid. ... will focus on the Iron Age walls this season. Tamar is one of the few sites where volunteers can dig for a single day. The references to Arad, Hormah, and the Way of the Atharim have provided biblical historians, geographers, and archaeologists considerable difficulties. If the reference to Arad means the city of Arad, as identified with Tel Arad in the eastern Negev, then the problem is ... First, the reference to the King of Arad may be a regional designation, like the aforementioned "King of Edom" in Num 20:14, who may have ruled from the city of Hormah (v. 3) or even in the vicinity ... What the Bible says about Hormah: 1. "Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites live in the valleys; turn tomorrow and set out to the wilderness by the way of the Red Sea. ... For the Amalekites and the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm

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Map of the Twelve Tribes of Israel Joshua divides the land 1400 ... ... Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, Ekron b. in coastal plain c. Archeology of the Philistine pottery has confirmed that Ashkelon was the production center for the monochrome Canaan Philistine pottery, so it was most likely also the capital of the Pentapolis. Ashkelon is also a huge ancient city that has one of two in situ clay brick arched city gates (the other is at Tel Dan). d. Ex 13:17-18; Deut 2:23; Josh 11:22; 13:2-3; Judges 1:18-19; 3:1-3 F. Text of Joshua 15:1 - 19:41 "Now the lot for the tribe of the sons of Judah according to their families reached the border of Edom, southward to ... So she alighted from the donkey, and Caleb said to her, "What do you want?" Then she said, "Give me a blessing; since you have given me the land of the Negev, give me also springs of water." So he gave ... The sons of Joseph said, "The hill country is not enough for us, and all the Canaanites who live in the valley land have chariots of iron, both those who are in Beth-shean and its towns and those who are ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-borders-twelve-12-tribes-israel-promised-land-joshua13-22-conquest-1400BC.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route The Onomasticon & the Exodus Route (Dictionary of places) Eusebius 325 AD Go to "The Onomasticon" home page Dictionary of Bible places and Encyclopedia of Geography Click to View History of ... All this was pointed out to us by the holy men." (Egeria, pilgrimage of, 381 AD). In fact when Egeria stood on top of Mt. Musa and looked south at the "lands of the Saracens" she could see with the ... Joshua 10:41; K. 46:26; L. 247:74. Identified with the desert stretching south of Petra (K. 142:7) and more frequently Kadēs Barnē (K. 112:8). Petra. City in the land of Edom in Arabia which is ... which is generally identified with Mapsis (cf. also Avi-Yonah) and has a large Roman fort as well as Nabatean and Iron II sherds. The Madaba Map using Jerome's spelling has located properly Mampsis. ... A detachment of the Tenth Roman Legion is stationed there. Properly called Aila today (it was formerly pronounced Ailath) from whence the ancient people the Ailamites whose king was Chodollagomor [who ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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The True Mount Hor, Jebel Maderah. George L. Robinson, The Biblical ... ... Many travelers testify to its unique appearance .6 From the accompanying photo-graphs it will appear how symmetrical and isolated it is. 6 Lindsay, Letters on Egypt, Edom and the Holy Land, x838, Vol. II, P. 46; Robin-son, Biblical Researches, 1841, Vol. II. P. 589; Wilson, The Lands of the Bible, 1847, Vol. I, P. 340; El-Mukattem (Howard Crosby), Lands of the Moslem, 1851, P. 235; Seetzen, Reisen durch Syrien, ... the two leaves of an iron grating which formerly prevented all nearer approach to the tomb of the prophet. A ragged 16 For example: OD1= T1-tread; cf. U-6rkick. ADD= CDT= IDY=cover, hide. 1 11 92s=cutoff=C'AAJ =cut off. 7727 =be pre-eminent= _ be pure. It is also possible that in the Arabic a Vo and a Ltd have become confused. THE TRUE MOUNT HOR g'] pall hangs behind them. The walls are thickly plastered. As I took out my tape to measure the place, the sheikh seized me by the wrists and kissed my hands. This was evidently the holy of holies. VIII. ANCIENT TRADITION CONCERNING ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-true-mount-hor-the-biblical-world-george-l-robinson-1908ad.htm

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595 BC: Bulla of Hananiah son of Azariah: False prophet. Bible ... 1982 AD. 4. Current location: Museum of Western Asiatic Antiquity, Berlin 5. Date: 595 BC 6. Bible verses: Jer 28:1-17 7. Events: During the reign of Zedekiah in the fall of 595 BC. Bible text: ... But listen now to this word that I speak in your hearing and in the hearing of all the people. The prophets who preceded you and me from ancient times prophesied war, famine, and pestilence against ... the yoke from the neck of the prophet Jeremiah, the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah: Go, tell Hananiah, Thus says the Lord: You have broken wooden bars only to forge iron bars in place of them! ... This probably explains why the head prophet of Israel came from Gibeon. They have found many pottery stamps with LMK "for the king" in the excavations there. e. So Hananiah was likely the leading ... Carmel where Elijah challenges the 850 false prophets of Baal. c. Jeremiah is told by God to make a wooden yolk and wear it on his neck as an warning allegory to Edom, Moab, Ammon, Tire, Sidon and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-Belonging-to-Hananiah-son-of-Azariah-Azzur-false-prophet-Jer28-1-17-594bc.htm

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The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ... ... B. C., and that of Period II to the ninth century B. C., the settlement of Period III is to be assigned to the eighth century B. C., when it became known as Elath. It may have been constructed by Uzziali, who ruled from about 779 to 740 B. C. It is said of him in the Bible that he " (re)built Elath and restored it to Judah." ... In a room belonging to Period III, was found a beautiful signet ring (Figs. 8-9). The seal itself, enclosed in a copper casing, had incised on it in retrograde, in the clearest possible ancient Hebrew characters, the follow-ing inscription : LYTM, " belonging to Jotham." Below the inscription is a beautifully carved, horned ... They could then be drawn out by tongs fitted underneath their horn-handles, turned upside down, and the molten metal in them poured out. A good quantity of the fine, painted, and burnished ware which has come to be known as typical of the Early Iron Age pottery of Edom and Moab, was recovered. A peculiar kind of pottery of excellent make was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm

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The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ... ... IX. In another plan these remains are labelled 'Structure B'; see R. Cohen: The Settlement of the Central Negev (Ph.D. diss., The Hebrew Universit) of Jerusalem), Jerusalem, 1986, Pl. 129. 13 R. Cohen: Kadesh-Barnea — 1980, .fladashot Arkheologiyot 77 (1981), p. 45 (Hebrew). 14 Cohen ... the Time of the Judaean Monarchy on the Border of Sinai, Israel Museum Catalogue No. 175, Jerusalem, 1978. 21 See, e.g., Z. Meshel: The History of `Darb el-Ghaza' — The Ancient Road to Eilat and Southern Sinai, El 15 (1981), pp. 361-362 (Hebrew). The opposite, however, seems to be true. ... conclusion that Kuntillet 'Ajrud was a unique place, and is a factor that should be taken into account when the character and function of the site are being evaluated. 22 E. Ayalon: The Iron Age II Pottery Assemblage from klurvat Teiman (Kuntillet `Ajrud)(M.A. diss., Tel Aviv University), Tel Aviv, 1985, p. 102. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm

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The Wilderness of Zin, C. Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence ... The soil is sandy, between stones, and there are only rare traces of ancient cultivation. The Arabs - husband-men here without hope - still plough each winter a little of the further wady beds, and in ... before we saw his article. We supplement him, however, in some details. Dr. Musil, in his heavy book on Edom (ii, pp. 176 - 181) gives good photographs of the valley, and a very poor description. ... The work, however, was plausible, and has unfortunately been accepted by biblical geographers (e.g., Hastings' Bible Dictionary, art. Kadesh-Barnea.) as the authority on the district. As for the ... There were eight poor ring-graves, some sherds of Byzantine pottery, and a few rough stone foundations that might in courtesy be called a farmhouse. These late Christian remains seemed to us probably ... The extent of clear soil hereabout makes this one of the most important plough-lands of the neighbourhood. It is now not fully cultivated, since the needs of its present scanty population are ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-woolley-lawrence-the-wilderness-of-zin-1914-1915ad.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC ... Sounds convincing until you read the passage that says that in 1876 BC Joseph also lived in "the land of Ramesses" (Genesis 47:11). Obviously then Ramesses was named after an ancient city that existed 600 years before he was born. The ... John Garstang excavated Jericho 1930-1936 and concluded Jericho was destroyed in 1406 BC by Joshua confirming the Bible. Garstang documented imitation Cypriot ware pottery from the late 15th century BC he found at Jericho. Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho 1952-1958 and concluded that ... The year of the exodus in 1446 BC had two Egyptian chronological markers: Thutmoses III's 17 annual campaigns of war into foreign lands came to an end in 1446 BC because his entire army was drowned in the Red Sea. The erasure of images ... They were the "shepherd kings" that were friendly to the Hebrews so one might infer that they were a fellow Semitic tribe. Hyksos were Edomites: The book of Job shows Job to be the king of Edom or a preeminent patriarch, at about the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria ... C. Hazazon-tamar (Engedi): The identification of this Tamar is certain: Engedi, which is located on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Hazazon-tamar is an ancient city that dates back to the time of Abraham. There are only two Bible verses that mention Hazazon-tamar: -"Then some came and reported to Jehoshaphat, saying, "A great multitude is coming against you from beyond the ... The strategic location of `Ein Haseva-Tamar is obvious, sitting as it does at the intersection of four major routes - one leading south to Elath, one traveling east to Edom, a third leading north to Jerusalem, and the fourth leading west through Macaleh `Agrabim to the central Negev area." (The Fortresses at Ein Haseva Rudolph Cohen, The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 57, No. 4, p 203-214, 1994) Rudolph Cohen Has accepted Ein Haseva as Biblical Tamar: "In an article last year (BA 57:4119941), we outlined the Roman, Nabatean, and Iron Age remains at (and presented arguments for the identification of the site with ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm

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The Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory. of Timna. "Although there is sufficient evidence in Egyptian sources for Ramesside (1250 BC) military campaigns in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian ... A huge freshwater lake like the Bitter lake, would surely be controlled by Egypt on all sides. The shallow bitter lakes are the choice of Bible skeptics who attempt to explain the crossing of the Red Sea without any miracles. b. The North Suez ... In the same way we notice that the land of Goshen was a city suburb within the country of Egypt. The Hebrews and Egyptians were living in two distinct city areas yet both were called "lands". The Land (local district) of Goshen was within the Land ... Jer 2:18 to drink the waters of the Euphrates to drink the waters of the Shihor? Ex 23:31 to the River Euphrates from the wilderness 2. Ancient literary sources confirm border of Egypt is at the Wadi el-Arish, the River of Egypt in Gen 15:18 a. 670 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-egypt-border-territory-sinai-peninsula-out-of-egypt.htm

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The Exodus Route: Wilderness of Shur ... Wilderness of Shur from Egypt where they crossed the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran. Click to View B. The Bible says Ishmael lived in Paran and Shur Gal 4:25 says that Mt. Sinai is in Arabia, where ... Genesis 25:18 The Ishmaelites are grouped with other Transjordan tribes: "The tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites, Moab and the Hagrites; Gebal and Ammon and Amalek" Psalm 83:6 C. ... Amalekites from Havilah as you go to Shur which is east of Egypt 1 Samuel 27:8 Amalekites from ancient times as you come to Shur even as far as the land of Egypt E. Ishmaelites and Midianites are ... And his brothers listened to him. Then some Midianite traders passed by, so they pulled him up and lifted Joseph out of the pit, and sold him to the Ishmaelites for twenty shekels of silver. Thus they ... journeyed from there toward the land of the Negev, and settled between Kadesh and Shur; then he sojourned in Gerar. " Genesis 20:1 The text says that Abraham settled between Kadesh Barnea and Shur. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-wilderness-of-shur-ishmaelites-midianites-amalekites.htm

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796 BC Al Rimah Joash Conquest Stele of Adad-Nirari III, King ... ... the unnamed "savior" of Israel mentioned in 2 Kgs 13:5." (Lexham Bible Dictionary, Adad-Nirari III, 2015 AD) "The stele was discovered in an excellent state of preservation and is now in the Iraq Museum. ... "I mustered (my) chariots, troops and camps; I ordered (them) to march against Hatti-land. In a single year: I made the entire lands of Amurru and Hatti kneel at my feet. I imposed tribute and tax for future days upon them. He (sic) received 2000 talents of silver, 1000 talents of copper, 2000 talents of iron, 3000 multi-colored garments and (plain) linen garments as tribute from ... He received tributes from all the kings of Nairi." (Text and translation: Stephanie Page, 'A Stela of Adad-Nirari III and Nergal-Ereš from Tell Al Rimah', Iraq 30 (1968): 139-153. Cf. Ancient Conquest ... But there passed by a wild beast that was in Lebanon and trampled the thorn bush. "You said, 'Behold, you have defeated Edom.' And your heart has become proud in boasting. Now stay at home; for why should ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Rimah-Conquest-Stele-Samshi-Adad-V-Shalmaneser-III-tribute-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Joash-king-Israel-Samaria-Nergal-eris-796bc.htm

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King Jeroboam tel dan high place altar 1340-723 BC. They're Digging ... ... calves which Jeroboam made for gods for you. "Have you not driven out the priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron and the Levites, and made for yourselves priests like the peoples of other lands? ... The monumental steps belong to the second stage in the building of the bamah. A sounding under the steps revealed pottery from the mid-9th century B.C. Thus, this second stage could be attributed to ... To that period (Iron II) belong the head of a female clay figure and seven-spouted oil lamps (Fig. 14 ). In the 8th and 7th centuries B.C., perhaps after the Assyrian conquest, there was extensive ... Pagan prehistory of tel-Dan before Jeroboam: 1340 - 931 BC. While it is clear Jeroboam set up an altar at Bethel and Dan, most Bible students fail to realize that he inherited and modified the pagan altar at Dan that had functioned for 420 continuous years before him. The archeology at tel Dan (Laish) provides us with an incredible window into the ancient pagan history of the tribe of Dan in 1350 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-laish-leshem-micah-Jonathan-jeroboams-king-of-israel-high-place-altar-temple-1340-723bc.htm

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Misidentified: "Belonging to Jotham" and "Belonging to Eliakim ... ... Edom itself, however, despite periods of efflorescence, apparently became progressively less able to take full advantage of its independence.Stamped on the handles of a series of jars belonging to the ... The first part of the theophorous name of Qaus-anal or Qosanal, namely Qaus or Qos is that of a well known Edomite and subsequently Nabataean deity and occurs also in the Bible (Ezra 2:53; Neh. ... The seal itself, enclosed in a copper casing. had incised on it in retrograde. in the clearest possible ancient Hebrew characters, the following inscription: LYTM. "belonging to Jotham." Below the ... In 1953, many of these identical seals were found in an iron age destruction layer at Lachish directly associated with the Assyrian king Sennacherib's campaign of 701 BC. d. However, as we will see, ... This is quite an incredible fact and perhaps one day we will have a better understanding as to who, why and where this seal was placed on pottery handles. b. "It is still unclear which is the best ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Belonging-to-Eliakim-servant-of-Jehoiachin-belonging-to-Jotham-misidentified.htm

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Ein El Weibeh: K. Von Raumer's choice for Kadesh Barnea in 1831 ... Jasper Seetzen, (AKA Musa el Hakim) a Russian Doctor, was first to explore the Negev in recent times but was more of a Muslim pilgrim than an explorer and contributed little to Biblical archeology. ... In 1870 this map represented the thought of the day, that Kadesh was located at Weibeh, from The Bible Handbook, A Rawson: Schmidt misrepresents Robinson in saying he thought Ein El-Weibeh was Kadesh, ... His description of it was quite accurate. On the assumption that "Mount Seir" and "the land of Edom" had the 'Arabah for its western border, and that all Biblical statements are equally reliable and ... stands in a state of remarkable isolation the strong rock with its copious spring, -the spot which still bears the ancient name of Kadesh (Ain Kudés) (1), and of which Rowlands was the discoverer." ... Since many mistakenly believed that Kadesh Barnea was located at Ein Qedeis, they also speculated that Israel crossed through Ein El-Weibeh to the Arabah into Edomite lands on their transjordan trip ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-weibeh.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... Since these scholars were familiar with the Hebrew Bible, the Samaritans adapted their style to this readership by incorporating ancient Hebrew diction. Among the works written in this artificial language are the Samaritan Hebrew Book of Joshua, the Chronicle Adler (also called New Chronicle), the so-called ... 3:3-10 a. "So they set up the altar on its foundation, for they were terrified because of the peoples of the lands [near Jerusalem]; and they offered burnt offerings on it to the Lord, burnt offerings morning and evening." ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and burned animal bones (sheep, goats, ... of Samaritan worship. This textual change most probably occurred between 350 and 300 B.C." (Joshua's Altar-An Iron Age I Watchtower, Aharon Kempinski, BAR 12.01, Feb 1986 AD) 3. "This new discovery from Qumran, and the fact ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ... ... Term Hebrew comment Nile Ye'or misrayim Egyptian term exclusively used of Nile in Bible Brook of Egypt Nahal misrayim Wadi Arish: southern boundary of promised land River of Egypt (Gen 15:18) Nahar misrayim If the Nile, why didn't God use the exclusive term "Ye'or" ... God did not want to interfere with the Egyptians at Jezirat Faraun and Timna. 9. Archeologist Beno Rothenberg wrote this: "Although there is sufficient evidence in Egyptian sources for Ramesside (1250 BC) military campaigns in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) Click to View D. Ancient Literary Sources the prove ... It is in St. George's Orthodox church in the city of Madaba, Jordan. iii. The map is famous because it is one of the oldest maps of Bible lands in the world. b. It is a mosaic that confirms that the Wadi el-Arish is the border between Israel and Egypt. i. The proof ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... Likewise, also all the Jews who were in Moab and among the sons of Ammon and in Edom and who were in all the other countries, heard that the king of Babylon had left a remnant for Judah, and that he had appointed over them ... Since these scholars were familiar with the Hebrew Bible, the Samaritans adapted their style to this readership by incorporating ancient Hebrew diction. Among the works written in this artificial language are the Samaritan Hebrew Book of Joshua, the Chronicle Adler (also called New Chronicle), the so-called ... 3:3-10 a. "So they set up the altar on its foundation, for they were terrified because of the peoples of the lands [near Jerusalem]; and they offered burnt offerings on it to the Lord, burnt offerings morning and evening." ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and burned animal bones (sheep, goats, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... ... C. Both stone and wood was used in the construction of ancient buildings: 1. Basic construction of biblical homes and buildings: a. Stones were used for foundations and walls b. Wood was used for ... So they have destroyed them." (2 Kings 19:17-18) g. "Truly, O Lord, the kings of Assyria have devastated all the countries and their lands, and have cast their gods into the fire, for they were not ... While this one pictured below is a pottery kiln, the lime kiln is 100 meters away and is about 3 times the diameter with 10 courses of rocks forming a circle in the bottom. b. Lime kins were used by the invading Muslims in 650-750 AD to destroy church buildings by turning their stone walls into lime powder for plaster. F. Limestone mortar "whitewashed tombs and walls": 1. Bible passages: a. "It is ... B. Mes. 10:5, I.1.I-N) b. "In addition to its use in the production of cement, lime was used to seal the walls of water cisterns as early as the Iron Age, or perhaps even earlier, in the Middle Bronze ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm

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Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ... ... Thus we must conclude that Jeroboam, once his own kingship was established, lost favor with Shishak and that the invasion was an attempt to reassert Egypt's ancient control over Palestine as a whole." (Shishak's Invation, Harper's ... The first part of the inscription contains a long list of sites in the northern and central sections of Israel. The second part of the inscription, containing over 10 names, is apparently devoted to the Negev. Only a few of the names can be identified with cities known from the Bible. These include Arad, ... His Majesty made great slaughter among them, ... at the edge of the Bitter Lakes." A contemporary, Hori, had been a "real royal scribe, [following] the king at his incursions into the foreign lands of Retenu [i.e., Palestine]". ... Hagr-Hanan, Fort of Ben-Hanan, Possible clan name 1 Chron 4:20 96/97 Hagr-el-gad, Fort of Hazer Gaddah, west negev Josh 15:27 98 3dm Edom? (unknown city) 99 Hnny, Ben-Hanan? (unknown city) 100 3dr, Adar, Hazaraddar, Addar (Be'er ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm

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The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ... ... evidently also the walls, were built on ground which is only slightly higher than the surrounding area; also the towers often stand on the ancient wadi-bed itself. ... Y. Aharoni during a survey at `Ein Qudeis, and especially at Ramat Matred in the central Negev4. At all these sites, pottery of this type dates from the 10th century ... It is therefore not surprising that here the finds are mostly from the last period of the fortress. The pottery dates from the 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. but some comes ... Among the group of vessels characteristic of the second half of Iron II (i.e. 8th-7th centuries B.C.E.), there are bowls with disc-bases (Fig. 5 : 5-6; Pl. 30, D) . ... B.C.E. This king attempted to enter the Red Sea trade, appointing a governor in Edom and building protective forts along the roads in the South22. In his time, the ... surrounding inhabitants for hundreds of years to come. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm

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Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history: Kadesh ... ... then turned the corner of the Edomite mountains, at their southern extremity, and entered the table-lands of Moab at the "torrent of the willows," ("the brook Zared ") at the south-east end of the Dead Sea. ... 37, of Mount Her, To represent Edom as extending west of the 'Arabah in the time of Moses is an anachronism, borrowed from the times after the Captivity, when the Edomites, driven from their ancient seats, occupied the " south" of Judea as far as Hebron ; 1 Mace. v. 65. The geographical notices of its situation are unfortunately too slight to be of much service. ... Petra and Rekem) and the Talmudist name for Kadesh,-see also the Syriac and Arabic versions,-derived (says Jerome, voc. Rekem, and Josephus, Ant. IV. vii. 1) from the Midianite chief Rokan. Abulfeda (Tabula ... (Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, 1856 AD, p84-99) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-arthur-penrhyn-stanley-sinai-and-palestine-in-connection-with-their-history-1856ad.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present ... This of course is not really a discovery, but more of a restoration in harmony with the Bible and the most ancient history sources combined with modern archeology. 4. Factors that mislead the search ... This is hardly surprising since many of the geographical terms employed in the Bible, including most of those connected with the route of the Exodus, had passed out of currency by late antiquity. Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels ... Based on the reference in Numbers 20:16 to Kadesh as being on the border of Edom and the fact that the Aravah was thought to be the western border of Edom, various oases in the Aravah were proposed as ... For example, at Tell el-Kheleifeh (ancient Elat) "Glueck threw out most of the common wheel-made pottery he excavated; he did not realize this common wheel-made pottery was far more reliable for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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Judean Governors, Procurtors and Prefects time of Jesus, first ... ... II. Persian appointed governors and Satraps of Judea after Jerusalem was destroyed in 587 BC: During the Persian era we know the names of 8 governors of Judah including their several bullae, pottery handle ... Archeology has found a jar handle stamp impression with "phwʾ" on it and his name: "Yeho'ezer the Governor" He is not mentioned in the Bible However, excavations at Ramat Rachel in 1930 AD uncovered: "Another 130 seal impressions on jar handles found this season bring the total to 400. About 50 belong to the Iron Age and the rest to the Persian period" (Excavations at Ramat ... Herod Agrippa I, given territory of Antipas by Caligula 41-54 Caesar Claudius, gives Agrippa I all lands Herod the Great ruled 43 King Herod Agrippa I, kills James, dies of worms: Acts 12 (Because his son, ... Three ancient authentic sources (7th century, one 8th) that show that the significant portion of the Jewish community initially viewed Muhammad as the messiah, just as they did Bar Kokhba in 135 AD. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Coins-Judean-Governors-Satraps-Procurators-Prefects-Jesus-Herod-Antipas-Philip-Archelaus-Pilate-Agrippa-Felix-Festus-587BC-66AD.htm

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Reconstructing Petra Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38 Num 3 By ... ... Within several decades, they had assembled a mercantile empire stretching for hundreds of miles. The people who a few generations earlier had been nomads were now producing eggshell-thin pottery, ... Today it serves as Petra's main entryway It may be the most dramatic entrance to an urban space ever devised. In ancient times, though, the primary entrance into Petra was likely the road by which I ... Strabo, however, scorns the Nabateans as poor soldiers and as "hucksters and merchants" who are "fond of accumulating property" through the trade of gold, silver, incense, brass, iron, saffron, ... At the top, the view to the west is of the shimmering Negev Desert in Israel. When my guide and I arrive, the shrine Is locked and deserted. But soon a lanky man named Nimet Defala arrives with his ... cowboys. (Reconstructing Petra, Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38, Num 3, Andrew Lawler ) By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-smithsonian-june-2007-vol38-num3.htm

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Kingdom of David: Fulfills Abraham's land Promise 1003-1001 BC ... ... V4 I will multiply Isaac's descendants as stars V3 to you and your descendants I will give all these lands, V4 give your descendants land v4 by your descendants all nations of earth will be blessed ... Joshua 20:7-9 lists six cities of refuge - Kadesh, Shechem, Hebron, Bezer, Ramoth, and Golan. iv. Therefore God gave them all the land and premillennialism is utterly refuted! B. Saul: Plain Bible passages say that Israel got all the land promised Abraham: a. "Now when Saul had taken the kingdom over Israel, he fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, the sons of Ammon, Edom, ... And he brought out the spoil of the city in great amounts. He also brought out the people who were in it, and set them under saws, sharp iron instruments, and iron axes, and made them pass through the ... foundation of the state of Israel in recent years has been a part of the predicted regathering of scattered Israel back to their ancient land...The present partial possession of the land is a token. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-2samuel8-1chronicles18-david-fulfills-abrahams-land-promise-997-995bc.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... ... A collection of Aramaic documents from the reigns of Xerxes, Artaxerxes I, and Darius II (485-404 bc), found in 1904-8 on the site of an ancient Jewish military colony which had settled at Elephantine ... in stages, and published by A. H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley (1906) and E. Sachau (1911)." (Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, Elephantine Papyri, 1987 AD) II. How papyrus legal documents were secured: 1. "Unlike ... Some fled to foreign countries of Moab, Ammon and Edom: "Likewise, also all the Jews who were in Moab and among the sons of Ammon and in Edom and who were in all the other countries, heard that the ... of the temple is uncertain and perhaps unlikely given the Judean Negev was under attack by the Edomites starting in 605 BC until they burned Solomon's temple with the Babylonians in 587 BC. c. ... wood chest, papyrus-reed, alabaster stone inlays c. 1 pair of Persian leather (sandals); 2 jugs, 2 trays d. 5 ladles to carry oil: 2 pottery, 2 wood, 1 stoneware e. 1 chest of wood for her jewels; f. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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