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Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD ... The fortress of 'Ain Qudeis (Grid Reference 1034 X 0002) was erected on a flat hill commanding the plainland between Wadi Qudeis and Wadi Qudeirat, some 3 km. south of the spring of 'Ain Qudeis (fig. 2). The site was surveyed in 1957 by Aharoni (1967: 8), and excavations were carried out in 1976 by the author (1977b: 71). The ... This passageway was found blocked by stones. (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) E. Negev pottery found at Ein Qedeis: More on Negev Pottery. The remains of the pottery, found in the ash layer that covered the beaten-earth floor of the casemate rooms, are of two basic types: wheel-made pottery characteristic of the 10th century B.C., of which two entire juglets deserve to be specially mentioned; and hand-made pottery of the "Negev" type. One phase of occupation was detected in the fortress, but to the northwest of the hill are traces of a small settlement (Rothenberg 1967: pl. 46)." (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm

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World Site of Dinosaur Figurines of Mexico: evidence that dinosaurs ... ... In 1955 Charles Hapgood, respected1 Professor of Anthropology at the University of New Hampshire, conducted an elaborate investigation including extensive radiometric dating. He was accompanied by Earl Stanley Gardner, former District Attorney ... In 1990 an investigation was conducted by Neal Steedy, an independent archeologist who's livelihood depends on contract work from the Mexican government. He arbitrarily selected an excavation site considerably removed from the Julsrud site. Chards were found but ... Waldemar hired a Mexican farmer, Odilon Tinajero, to dig in the area where the ceramic figurines were found and bring him any other similar objects. Soon Tinajero had a wheelbarrow full of ceramic pottery that had been excavated on El Toro ... Sanderson wrote about this particular Dinosaur in the Julsrud collection. "This figurine is a very fine, jet-black, polished-looking ware. It is about a foot tall. The point is it is an absolutely perfect representation of Brachiosaurus, known ... ... https://www.bible.ca/tracks/tracks-acambaro.htm

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Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... ... A. Dating the time of occupation: 1. Associating any PPN site with the Hebrews at Kadesh Barnea in the Late Bronze Age (1444-1440 BC) is viewed by most professional archeologists as impossible and absurd. However, we know dating PPN to 6500 BC is also wrong because it predates the creation of the world in 5554 BC. a. PPN sites are determined superficially on the basis of a lack of pottery and rely very heavily on carbon dating. b. Carbon and radiometric dating are notoriously arbitrary and unreliable. 2. "The basic sequence of the Neolithic period in the southern Levant was formulated by Kenyon following her extensive excavations at Jericho ... In my book on Nimrod and the archeology of the Tower of Babel, Tortoise pottery from Eridu, found in Temple 8 beside a platform in a niche containing sacrificial goat-fish bones to the water-god Enki. 4. Another issue to be taken into account on dating both Basta and Beidha, is the required population in relation to both the Noahic flood in 3298 BC ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm

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Reconstructing Petra Smithsonian: June 2007; Vol 38 Num 3 By ... ... The Brown University archaeologist-known as "Dottora (doctor) Marta" to three generations of Bedouin workers -has spent the past 15 years excavating and partially restoring the Great Temple complex. Constructed during the first century B.C. and the first century A.D., it included a 600-seat theater, a triple colonnade, an enormous paved courtyard and vaulted rooms underneath. Artifacts found at the site-from tiny Nabatean coins to chunks of statues-number in the hundreds ... They've just stumbled on a bathing area built in the second and third centuries AD., and the discovery is complicating her plans to wrap up the season's research. A worker hands her a piece of Roman glass and a tiny pottery rosette. She pauses to admire them, ... At the top, the view to the west is of the shimmering Negev Desert in Israel. When my guide and I arrive, the shrine Is locked and deserted. But soon a lanky man named Nimet Defala arrives with his wife and mother. "This Is my 47th birthday," he explains. "My ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-smithsonian-june-2007-vol38-num3.htm

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Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ... three of the 187 city name rings on the wall of the Temple of Amun in Karnak, Egypt from the Shishak invasion of Israel and Judah in 926 BC just as the Bible says! There are at least 43 name rings that are known Bible cities! Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. ... Survey, George R. Hughes, The University Of Chicago Oriental Institute Publications Volume LXXIV, 1954 AD) 8. "A more extensive description of the campaign was inscribed by Shishak himself on the walls of the Temple of Amon in Karnak. ... The first part of the inscription contains a long list of sites in the northern and central sections of Israel. The second part of the inscription, containing over 10 names, is apparently devoted to the Negev. Only a few of the names can ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC Thutmoses III ruler before exodus 18 1464-1446 17 annual campaigns came to an end in 1446 never happened because the army drowned in the Red Sea 18th year of Thutmoses III is exactly 480 yrs before Solomon builds temple Year 18 Exodus 1446 1 Kings 6:1 Thutmoses III after exodus 15 1446-1431 No campaigns after Exodus ... John Garstang excavated Jericho 1930-1936 and concluded Jericho was destroyed in 1406 BC by Joshua confirming the Bible. Garstang documented imitation Cypriot ware pottery from the late 15th century BC he found at Jericho. Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho 1952-1958 and concluded that the Bible story of Jericho was a myth because the walls of Jericho had already ... Israel Finkelstein is a minimalist, meaning he believes Abraham, the exodus, David and Solomon are all mythical figures invented by Jews in the 7th century BC to create a cultural backdrop. Finkelstein concluded in his excavation 1993 report at Shiloh that the site was unoccupied 1400-1100 BC, the precise period ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean Negev and Zedekiah orders troops for defense. 3. A man seeks asylum in the temple of Solomon. ... to send troops as commanded by Zedekiah to Ramah-Negev angered the king. King Zedekiah recorded his threatening response in a follow-up letter on another pottery sherd to Eliashib, the kings executive agent at the Arad fortress on Arad ostraca #24 (Arad Ostracon #24 Letter from Zedekiah: "Send troops or be executed" 597 BC). ... The Edomite danger looked so threatening that fort commanders dared refusing the instructions of their su-periors to transfer soldiers located in their place to other locations, and the high command found it necessary to ... However, no eighth century letter written on a potsherd has been discovered in any site in Palestine, including Arad, after more than a century of archaeo-logical excavations. It seems that writing letters on pottery began ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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The Rectangular Fortress at Kadesh Barnea, David Ussishkin, 1995 ... ... Only a single rectangular fortress was erected here, surrounded by a casemate wall, which 'occupied the entire site'. A glacis laid against the wall surrounds the site on three sides, except for the south, where the wadi must have formed a bank sufficiently steep for defence; hence the fortress appears 'as if it were standing upon a tell'. ... IX. In another plan these remains are labelled 'Structure B'; see R. Cohen: The Settlement of the Central Negev (Ph.D. diss., The Hebrew Universit) of Jerusalem), Jerusalem, 1986, Pl. 129. 13 R. Cohen: Kadesh-Barnea — 1980, .fladashot Arkheologiyot 77 (1981), p. 45 (Hebrew). 14 Cohen (above, n. 13). The rectangular fortress in its final stage was violently destroyed, as noted both by Dothan and Cohen. Burnt layers and assemblages of complete pottery vessels were found sealed beneath the destruction debris. On the other hand, there are no clear indications for the 'destruction' of the 'middle fortress', as assumed by Cohen. Remains of ashes here and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rectangular-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-david-ussishkin-1995ad.htm

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The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ... ... century B. C. to about the end of the sixth century B. C. The new industrial village continued, like that of Period III, to use the system of fortifications that had been erected in Period II. Industrial operations continued on a fairly extensive scale. ... The inscription, however, is Aramaic, and con-temporary with the ostraca previously discovered, despite the fact that the sherd itself belongs to an earlier age. The settlement of Period V was the last one to be built on the site. The next one was moved to Aila, near `Aqabah, and owes its origin to the Nabataeans and its present repute to the Romans, who made it the end of the famous highway of Trajan. In one of the houses which may be assigned to Period IV was found a pottery ... They could then be drawn out by tongs fitted underneath their horn-handles, turned upside down, and the molten metal in them poured out. A good quantity of the fine, painted, and burnished ware which has come to be known as typical of the Early Iron Age ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm

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They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page ... Mushabian: 13-14,000 years old 2900 BC Natufian: 10,500-13,000 years old 2800 BC Pre-Pottery Neolithic: 7,500 - 10,500 BC. 2700 BC Pottery Neolithic: 7,500 years old B. The problem of theological ... This "similarity of name" argument became the most important "proof" that Kadesh Barnea had been found at Ein Qedeis until Ein el-Qudeirat dethroned Ein Qeudeis in 1916 AD. Scholars like Keil & ... For an detailed summary of the search for Kadesh Barnea see also: Chronological History of "The search for Kadesh" Bible trashing archeologists like Finkelstein, Rothenberg and Pratico are losing the ... This book also inspired the work of Israel Finkelstein. ... Thus, Jezreel, Arad, the Negev Highlands, and Taanach may be taken as 'mini-anchors' in the problematic 400-year time-span described above. ... We hope you look closely at the things we have said above and study these matters out for yourself. We invite your input, suggestions, criticisms, corrections etc. The materials on this site are free, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically ... Nebuzaradan Army general Nebuchadnezzar's army commander for the entire operation to burn Jerusalem and destroy the temple. Ishmael king's son Wanted to replace Gedaliah as king. Distant grandson of David and Bathsheba who fled to Baalis ... from the environs of Jerusalem, from the land of Benjamin, from the lowland, from the hill country and from the Negev, bringing burnt offerings, sacrifices, grain offerings and incense, and bringing sacrifices of thanksgiving to the ... of Ammon, Machir the son of Ammiel from Lo-debar, and Barzillai the Gileadite from Rogelim, brought beds, basins, pottery, wheat, barley, flour, parched grain, beans, lentils, parched seeds, honey, curds, sheep, and cheese of the herd, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present ... In 1836, for example, von Raumer proposed Ain Hasb (Haseva) as a candidate for the site, while Robinson, in 1838, preferred 'Ain el-Webeh (`En Yahav). (Rudolph Cohen, Kadesh Barnea: A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom, The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD p7-21) In 1806-7 Ulrich Jasper Seetzen, (AKA Musa el Hakim) a Russian Doctor, was first to explore the Negev in recent times but was more of a Muslim pilgrim than an explorer and contributed little to Biblical archeology. Archeologists started looking for Kadesh on the western side of the Arabah valley where ever they found a ... Viewed merely as a desert-fountain, Ayn el-Qadayrat was even more remarkable than Ayn Qadees ; although the hill-encircled wady watered by the latter, was far more extensive than Wady Ayn el-Qadayrat; ... For example, at Tell el-Kheleifeh (ancient Elat) "Glueck threw out most of the common wheel-made pottery he excavated; he did not realize this common wheel-made pottery was far more reliable for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... after they moved to Avaris also known as the archeological site named Tel el Dab'a. 10. In 1806 BC Joseph dies. 11. Joseph is buried in the great tomb structure at Avaris excavated at Tel el Dab'a. ... in the Simeon Negev where the inscription records a six-year siege until Sharuhen finally fell in the 31st regnal year (1536 BC). This marks the end and final expulsion of the Hyksos by Ahmoses I. The inscription then records the first foreign offensive campaign south into Nubia against the Troglodytes and two successive counter attacks that were defeated. Another inscription found in the ancient ... TRANSLATION OF SINAI 349: "He Sought occasion to cut away to barrenness our great number, our swelling without measure They yearned for Hathor, but the quiver of our brothers was thoroughly despised, ... Two 18-17th century inscriptions have been found at Mari and Hazor with the name Jabin. A third is on the names list of Ramesses II at the Amon Temple at Karnak 1279-1212 BC. ii. The Accadian tablet ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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Nuweiba Beach Red Sea crossing: Rejected, debunked, refuted ... There were simply not enough troops to secure both Kinah AND Ramah-Negev. e. King Zedekiah recorded his threatening response in a follow-up letter on another pottery sherd to Eliashib, the kings executive agent at the Arad ... Advocates of Kadesh Barnea at Qudeirat and others like Glen Fritz whose site for Kadesh is 35 km east of Ein Hatseva (Hormah) are forced to create the fiction that the "Biblical Negev" did not extend south of Arad and Beersheba. 40. The Conquest began in 1406 BC and took 6 years. Then during the first sabbatical year of 1399 BC ... upon its completion in 960 BC and the tabernacle tent of Moses was moved from Gibeon and put into storage inside the Temple, along with the Sea of Moses. 41. The archaeological evidence and ancient literary sources for Mt. ... geology and archaeology of north Saudi Arabia in support of Lawz being Sinai. a. Fritz correctly admits no archaeological evidence dating to the time of Moses has been found in Saudi Arabia or anywhere near Mt. Lawz or Mt. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ruling-out-candiates-excluding-red-sea-crossing-points-kadesh-barnea.htm

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The Exodus Route: Elim (Nabatean Leuke Kome, Onne, Aynuna) ... Although known only through survey, extensive architecture is visible at two of the complexes, including a standing tower; nearby is a large necropolis. It seems that during the first century ad there was some decline in the use of Leuke Kome ... A reference by Marcianus may extend the occupation until ad 400 (Ward 2002: 115). Surface pottery from Aynuna included Nabataean wares (Ingraham et al. 1981: pls 82, 86), but no Egyptian or Eastern ones can be identified from the literature. ... This important settlement lies at the edge of Wadi 'Aynunah around its water spring. A large number of fine Nabataean eggshell wares were found here, therefore the site could be attributed to the Nabataean period." (Al-Bid, Ansary, p42, 2002 AD) b. "Now to the left of ... No material indicating Nabatean presence in El Wajh has been recorded so far, while the temple at Wadi Hamd, found by Burton, is too far away ("one long or two short marches", Burton 1879: 220 ) to be linked with the port and was rather part ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-elim.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... They were a primitive race who dwelt in caves and lived by hunting; they did not cultivate the ground or keep cattle and sheep; they did not know the arts of making pottery or weaving; their tools and weapons were of unworked flint which ... After 125 BCE the decline of both the Seleucid and Egyptian empires allowed the full development of the Nabataean state, it gradually extended its territory west into the Negev, east to the Euphrates and south along the Red Sea, a domain ... Outsiders were refused entry to the Petra basin and it became the storing 'place for plunder. As the trade route by-passed the actual city site this was quite easy to do. Eventually, they found acting as "customs officials" more profitable than brigandage and offered their services on ... It is true that in Roman times there was apparently a huge statue of the sun-god Dushrat in the city temple, but this is of late date and Roman influence. Light and water: symbol and reality Like all people in antiquity, the Nabataeans ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... Adjacent to a large chamber gate (with six or eight chambers) in the northern wall, a sizable (11 × 12 m) building was uncovered; therein excavators found a large number of burned bones, together ... and 46:1-3. It should be pointed out, though, that Magen assumes that the Persian period temple "was most probably copied at Mt. Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and burned animal bones (sheep, goats, cattle, and doves), the coins from the ... Regarding the close relationship between the Samaritan Pentateuch and some of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Martin Abegg explains that the 4QpaleoExod(m) reading of Exod. 6:25 is "the most extensive witness ... Gerizim while opposing completion of the Jerusalem Temple a. The Samaritan temple on Mt. Gerizim on the site of Joshua's Altar. 2. 445 BC: Tobias the ammonite builds his temple a. see full outline on ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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Quattuordecim (XIV): Ezra Translated the Paleo-Hebrew manuscripts ... ... Besides an awareness and sometimes use of Jewish biblical materials, Chronicle Adler makes extensive use of other sources, two of which can be readily identified: the Tulida (Tolidah) and Abu'l Fath's ... This material, added by the present authors, is not found in the original manuscripts." (Tradition Kept: The Literature of the Samaritans, T. Giles, R. T. Anderson, p 221, 2005 AD) b. "More recent ... 5) say anything about a Manasseh, married to a daughter of Sanballat, either as the founder of a temple or even just as one of the high priests at this time." (Journal of Biblical Literature, Volume ... Gerizim was already the chosen mountain because Shechem had already been chosen by Abraham, Isaac and Jacob: (Gen 12:6-7; Gen 33:18-20) b. "Abram passed through the land as far as the site of Shechem, ... and called upon the name of the Lord." (Genesis 12:8) 1. ii. "He went on his journeys from the Negev as far as Bethel, to the place where his tent had been at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Quattuordecim-Ezra-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Paleo-Hebrew-Masoretic-Aramaic-square-corrupted-deliberate-anti-Samaritan-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Joshuas-Altar-458BC.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... Those who object to "negative, destructive preaching" would rule out the foregoing scriptures, as well as His statement to "be- IX ware. .. . of the doctrine of the Pharisees and of the Saddu-cees." ... Under the edict of Cyrus, the Hebrews had been released from Babylon, but had returned in contingents, some having re-mained in Babylon. The temple had been rebuilt, but the walls of Jerusalem ... The first universal apostasy resulted, therefore, in the renovation of the earth and the establishment of a new race, headed by Noah, who "found favor in the sight of the Lord." In this new order two ... The nature of the kingdom of Christ, as set forth in the teaching of the Lord himself, was to be both extensive and intensive in its character. Its extensive nature is set forth in the parable of the ... Eight crosses the Catholics worship, different sorts and kinds representing different ob-jects of Roman Catholic idolatry. It would reduce Christianity to cults of site worshippers and relic hunters. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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Anatomy of an Epidemic, Robert Whitaker, 2010 AD ... A study of 216 schizophrenia patients admitted to Dela-ware State Hospital from 1948 to 1950 produced similar results. Eighty-five percent were discharged within five years, and on January 1, 1956-six ... Many chronic patients were discharged from the hospital, and a study of first-episode schizophrenic-type patients treated from 1983 to 1984 found that 61 percent were asymptomatic at the end of five ... Fortunately, one of the three "experimental" sites in the 1992-1993 study did take the results to heart. And that site was Tornio, in western Lapland. Treated with Open-Dialogue Therapy Patients ... However, more extensive studies have disproved this assumption."46 It was now known, the APA said, that "depression is a highly recurrent and pernicious disorder." Depression, it seemed, had never ... ANATOMY OF AN EPIDEMIC meaningful comparison of the two drugs." In the FDA's letter of approval to Janssen, Robert Temple, director of the Office of Drug Evaluation, made this clear: We would consider ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/anatomy-of-an-epidemic-robert-whitaker-2010ad1.htm

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Beidha, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea: mass food production ... The Hebrew Exodus population of 3.5 million would clearly take up a space up to 15 km long. Beidha is 5 km north of Petra and Basta is 12 km SE of Petrra. The problem of course, is that both Beidha and Basta are both PPN (pre-pottery Neolithic) sites, meaning there is no pottery found at either site. PPN sites sites are dated to 6500 BC strictly because of the lack of pottery, yet this is clearly mistaken because PPN is contemporaneous all the way down to the Iron age. There have always been isolated sites ... Its function was, no doubt, primarily to retard continued erosion, and it appears to have been constructed during the initial phase of occupation." (Early Village Life At Beidha: Neolithic, Brian Byrd, 2005 AD) 4. "Despite the extensive distribution of phase C buildings, building superpositioning was rare and subphases were not distinguished. Two highlights from these excavations included the exposure of a village wall and associated steps leading up into the settlement from the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... Edomite attack on Judah Arad #40 "Letter to Zedekiah" Edomite attack on Judah Arad #24 "Zedekiah's Reply" Asylum inside the Temple of YHWH Arad #18 "Solomon Temple Sanctuary" Jehoiakim becomes king in 609 BC Arad #88 "Neco II appoints Jehoiakim" Edomite attack on Judah Ira #1 "Commanders of Ramah" Click to enlarge map Map of Arad, Ramah-Negev (Ira) Introduction: Ostraca (singular = ostracon) are any type of writing on clay fired pottery Ostraca were often created when seals of personal property likely imprinted on large storage jars before they were fired. These ostraca were scribed before the pots were broken. It may be a seal or letters etched into the wet pottery with a stylus before it is dried and fired in the kiln. These are easy to identify because they are three dimensional as opposed to simple ink letters The vast majority of ostraca found are ink writing on broken pottery sherds. In these cases the broken pottery was a cheap and abundant paper to write on. "In the late ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Master Index of Places Wilderness of Sin Dophkah Alush Rephidim (Meribah) Wilderness of Sinai Mt. Sinai: at Mt. Lawz Sinai to Kadesh: Mt. Seir Ezion Geber Kadesh Barnea at Petra History of the search for Kadesh Kadesh to Jordan: Mt. Hor Solomon's network of military border fortresses: For overview: read the introduction Ein Qudeirat Ein Qedeis Ein Quseima Loz Ponds Kuntillet Ajrud Elat Tell el-kheleifeh Jezirat Faraun Khirbat en-Nahas Haseva Ein Muweileh Pottery of the Bible: Midianite Pottery: The fine china Negev Pottery: Disposable dishware Cypriot pottery: Expensive imports Temple of Jupiter photo gallery Click to View The Kingdom of Solomon: Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Click to View Library of rare research books and out of print articles relating to the exodus route. Sinai and ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-index.htm

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The Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory. Some mistakenly view the Sinai Peninsula as unclaimed, ungoverned land that no country controlled. If you ask them to name the country or King who controlled the Sinai at the time of the Exodus, they answer "I don't know" or "no one" or "it was a barren waste land nobody wanted" or "it was a caravan crossroads between nations". 3. See study of Timna. "Although there is sufficient evidence in Egyptian sources for Ramesside (1250 BC) military campaigns in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) . 4. Bitter lakes and Port of Suez crossing were controlled by Egypt and cannot be the Red Sea crossing point. a. The Bitter Lake's were so close to Goshen (30 km) it was the Hebrew's fishing hole on their days off. A huge freshwater lake like the Bitter lake, would surely be controlled by Egypt on all sides. The shallow bitter lakes are the choice ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-egypt-border-territory-sinai-peninsula-out-of-egypt.htm

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The Temple in Jerusalem was not located over the Dome of the ... In 135 AD, Hadrian filled in about 50 feet of earth over top of where the temple stood and enlarged the temple mount and built a temple of Jupiter where we see the Dome of the rock today. In 325 AD Contanstine tore down the Temple of Jupiter and assumed Hadrian built the temple of Jupiter on top of the spot where the temple of Solomon once stood. Constantine built an octagon church on the site. In 700 AD the Muslims found the foundations of Constanine's octagon church and built the dome of the Rock we see today. Introduction: The most popular ... But while this explanation fits, it is highly speculative and uncertain. But before the Crusaders laid the floor, Ritmeyer admits they also dug out caves underneath, the covered the cave openings with a floor. During this rather extensive "construction" the Crusaders could have carved out the rectangular section as a temporarily place for a "statue" that was out of the way of "construction zone", but still on the rock. This is equally ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-dome-of-rock.htm

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Cypriot Pottery From the Island of Cypress Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho in the 1950's and concluded that the walls fell 150 years before the Bible says they did in 1600 BC because she had no training in reading late Bronze pottery and she ignored the fact that Garstang found imitation Cypriotware in his excavations in the 1920's. Dr. Bryant Wood has a PhD in Late Bronze pottery and when he reexamined Kenyon's misdated pottery, he proved her conclusions wrong and gave Jericho back to Bible believing Christians. Kathleen Kenyon (excavations: 1952-58) said the tel belonged to time much earlier and could not be Biblical Jericho based on the absence of the imported Cypriote ware pottery. She did ... And there was a man called by the name of Zaccheus; he was a chief tax collector and he was rich." Luke 19:1-2: "PPNB: Beidha is currently the only southern Levantine site that documents this transition in residential architecture. Elsewhere in the southern Levant, the transition is either completely abrupt without transitional ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-cypriot-pottery.htm

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Josiah, King of Judah 640-609 BC seals, bulla. They're Digging ... AGE 19: Josiah purged idols (629 BC) AGE 26: Repairs temple, finds lost book (623 BC) AGE 39: Killed by Pharaoh Neco II (609 BC) The promised child Azariah, son of Hilkiah Hanan, son of Hilkiah Gemariah, Jeremiah's scribe Neco II, King of Egypt The Exhibit: On-line Museum of Bulla and seals Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! King Josiah: 640-609 BC ... the oppress (widows) and the Temple of YWHW. What a great legacy of Josiah's righteousness to be left in the traces of archeology on broken pottery sherds. What would archeology say about YOUR life 200 years from now? For Josiah it was defending widows and fortifying the Temple of Solomon! ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-josiah-king-of-judah-hilkiah-high-priest-find-lost-book-law-of-moses-seal-bulla-640-609bc.htm

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Soleb Temple Cartouche: "The Shashu of Yahweh's Land" 1396-1358 ... Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Discussion: 1. "To move outside of the Levant, we find Egyptian name lists which include a Syrian site, Ya-h-wa (No. 97), which is identical to Yahweh. A Rameses II (1304-1237 b.c.) list is found in a Nubian temple in ʿAmarah West with six names (No36s. 93-98) following the designation "Bedouin area." Nos. 96-98 have been found at Soleb in Nubia on an Amon temple of Amenhotep III (1417-1379). No. 93, Sa-ʿra-r, has been identified with Seir (Edom) and related to the biblical references (Deut 33:2) which associate Yahweh with Seir and Paran. This could be taken as evidence the name was known in Edom or Midianite territory ca. 1406 b.c. (EncRel 7: 483-84)." (ABD, Yahweh) 2. "Unlike many Near Eastern deities, Yahweh may be a name unique ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-yahweh-inscription-cartouche-land-of-the-shasu-of-yahweh-soleb-temple-amenhotep-III-1396-1358bc-amarah-west-temple-ramesses-II-1304-1237bc.htm

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A Critique of NAMI Don Patton Randall Price on Mount Ararat Noah ... The location of the site has been kept a secret, but NAMI claims it has applied for it to be given the status of a World Heritage Site to protect it from possible looters. NAMI has conducted an extensive media tour in China to raise millions of dollars in funds with the stated goal of mounting a "scientific expedition" to ... An attempt in the winter of 2008 by a NAMI technical climber failed to reach the site, but, in April 2009 Clara Wei, a hired worker (not part of the NAMI staff) who served as the liaison with their foreign contacts, reported that the climber had reached the outside of the site and found a 60-foot long wood beam in the snow and had found ... The team cannot disclose anything public without his consent. 3. He refused to send any photo yesterday. But today, he called me saying if we can give guarantee of Euro 9,000, he can send a photo of pottery. 4. If we can make a deal, the team can climb the mountain next Monday, in condition that passport copies available and all ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ark/NAMI-noahs-ark-discovered-found-made-in-china-fraud/NAMI-noahs-ark-discovered-dr-don-patton-randall-price-made-in-china-fraud-20-nov-2010.htm

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Bible Clay Bulla and seals from Israel and Judah Security: Creation of ancient legal documents and the how bullae are made to seal papyrus paper. Antitype: Pottery, seals, bulla and anti-typical New Testament imagery. Forgeries: Known fake and misidentified bullae & seals Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! The Free On-line Museum of Bullae and Seals of Judea and ... bulla stamped with a seal without graphic or text 1975 antiquities dealers in Jerusalem 255 bulla Dating to 587 BC -Yoav Sasson bought about 211. Reuben Hecht of Haifa bought 49. -"a hoard of Hebrew bullae from the end of the First Temple period made its appearance - a group several times larger than the previous one. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/bulla/

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gamla 76 BC They included 350 ballista balls, 35 arrowheads, and many nails and pottery items, among them Herodian lamps, broken jars, and cooking pots." (Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research, Rachel Hachlili, p28, 2013 AD) 2. Gamla was founded by Alexander Jannaeus no later than 76 BC (103-76 BC) a. As one of the most important spiritual leaders it is unthinkable that Alexander Jannaeus would found this town without a synagogue. b. The synagogue seen today is a one period occupation site that likely dates back to 76 BC and was used until destroyed in 67 AD. c. "Gamla is the earliest synagogue structure to have been discovered in Judaea to date'" The building ... Distance to Jerusalem: 132 Kilometers. 3. When an archeologist begins excavating a newly discovered synagogue, the first thing he does to determine if it is a first temple, pre-70 AD installation is determine the orientation. a. If the synagogue points east it is not pre-70 AD but built after 200 AD. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gamla-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-ark-scrolls-niche-mikveh-heart-columns-bema-Judas-jewish-war-ballista-coin-76bc.htm

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Security of Bulla and Seals Judah Israel. Creation of ancient ... The Exhibit: On-line Museum of Bulla and seals Security: Creation of ancient legal documents and the how bullae are made to seal papyrus paper. Antitype: Pottery, seals, bulla and anti-typical New Testament imagery. Forgeries: Known fake bullae and seals Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Introduction: 1. Bible ... SCRIBAL KIT or Writing Case: Scribe carried around a "scribe Kit" that had papyrus or bamboo quill pens, various colours of ink, a blotting surface and parchment. "Then the glory of the God of Israel went up from the cherub on which it had been, to the threshold of the temple. And He called to the man clothed in linen at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-bulla-seals-security-creation-manufacture-of-ancient-legal-documents-sealed-papyrus-paper-rolled-folded-tied-string-knots-rosa-Terra-Rossa-clay-soil-israel-judah.htm

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Seals, Bulla, Documents, Pottery & Antitypical New Testament ... Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! New Testament antitypes of Pottery, Seals, Bulla, Scribes and papyrus documents: Introduction: This fascinating study of archeology explores New Testament antitypes of the most common everyday ... So I took the thirty shekels of silver and threw them to the potter in the house of the Lord." (Zechariah 11:12-13) "The chief priests took the pieces of silver and said, "It is not lawful to put them into the temple treasury, since it is the price of blood." And they conferred together and with the money bought the Potter's Field as a burial place for strangers. For this reason that field has been called ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-seals-clay-bulla-scribes-inkwells-quills-papyrus-documents-scriptorium-antitype-assurance-salvation-Christ.htm

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Egyptian Conquest name list Maps: 1450 - 1279 BC. They're Digging ... .../city topographical lists that perfectly confirm the exodus route and the conquest! 1. Thutmoses III List: Amon Temple at Karnak (1450 BC) 2. Amenophis III list: Temple in Soleb Nubia at ʿAmarah West (1387-1350 BC) 3. Ramesses II List: Amon Temple at Karnak (1279-1212 BC) 4. Ramesses III topographical list at Medinet Habu (1182-1151 BC) The Hebron/Yahu road: Hebron-Athar-Rehob-Yahu Archaeologists are digging up bible stories!!! Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. ... There are short, 'heraldic' lists that merely symbolize the might of Pharaoh; these usually offer us nothing else, except names known at the time of inscription, whether derived from previous reigns or still current or new. But much more important, we have very extensive lists, commonly as part of triumph-scenes, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-egyptian-conquest-map-topographical-name-lists-thutmoses-III-temple-amon-karnak-amenophis-III-soleb-ramesses-II-1450-1279bc.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #18: Man seeks asylum in Temple of Solomon ... Arad Ostraca #18 (597 BC) Man seeks asylum in Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem at the time of Zedekiah Ostraca, Tablets and Inscriptions of the Bible Click to View Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean Negev and Zedekiah orders troops for defense. 3. A man seeks asylum in the temple of Solomon. See also: Outline on Josiah King of Judah ... Read first to understand Arad ostracon #18 better: Archeological introduction to Arad Ostraca In this archeological glyptic artifact we have a record, on a piece of broken pottery written in carbon black ink, the in 597 BC at the time of Zedekiah, king of Judah ... It appears that the instructions of Eliashib concerned a man whose life was in danger.21 The writer writes that all is well and he is alive in the Temple. The two matters are connected - the man had found a sanctuary in the Temple. g. The role of the Temple as a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad18-letters-refugee-Solomons-temple-of-YHWH-Eliashib-Qerosite-Keros-homer-measure-Shemaiah-Zedekiah-597bc.htm

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Mt. Karkom, Israel ... We, unlike Finkelstein, believe the Bible and the exodus story at true history. We reject the Mt. Karkom as Mt. Sinai, because it contradicts the Bible. Finkelstein also rejects the site as Mt. Sinai, because he believes the Bible story of the Exodus is a myth that never happened. Having said this, Finkelstein makes these factual statements about Mt. Karkom: "the concentration of these sites near Har Karkom is by no means unique. Similar clusters of sites can be found in other parts of the Negev. Indeed, the density of sites per square mile is much higher in other areas of the Negev Highlands than at Har Karkom. ... After eliminating the ... On the ascent, near where the above photo was taken, is this amazing petraglyph of a minora. The minora or candle stick, was used in Hebrew worship in the tabernacle and Solomon's temple. The Minora close up. Click to View Click to View There appears someone vandalized the minora by scratching the base. Here is a close up of the damage from this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-mt-har-karkom.htm

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The Fortress at Kadesh-Barnea, Moshe Dothan, Ein el-Qudeirat ... ... It may therefore be assumed that there had been a settlement on the site before the construction of the fortress. Period II. Above these meagre remains the fortress was built. It formed a unit in itself and occupied the entire site. We have no information ... Most of the finds in this group are sherds of hand-made vessels (Pl. 30, A). The ware is coarse and the clay mixed with straw. The firing is mediocre and the vessels are never slipped. Most of the pottery are deep bowls with flat or thickened rims (Fig. 4 : ... Y. Aharoni during a survey at `Ein Qudeis, and especially at Ramat Matred in the central Negev4. At all these sites, pottery of this type dates from the 10th century or the start of the 9th century B.C.E. 3 BASOR 71, 1938, pp. 3-17; 79, 1940, pp. 2-18; Encyclopaedia Biblica I, Jerusalem, 1950, col. 269 (Hebrew). 4 1E1 10, 1960, Fig. 12 : 1-8. The Fortress Finds Phases of building in the fortress were not distinguished and only one floor was found in the casemates. Thus, it may be ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-fortress-at-kadesh-barnea-dothan-1965ad.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... ... The first announcement and photographs of the Kuntillet Ajrud finds were published in the March 1976 issue of BAR ("Cache of Hebrew and Phoenician Inscriptions Found in the Desert," BAR 02:01). This early account promised BAR readers a more complete report in the future. Here is ... The site was discovered by the famous English explorer Edward Palmer who surveyed the Sinai Peninsula in the 1860's and visited Ajrud in 1869. There he carried out a small sounding into the ancient remains and subsequently identified the site as Gypsaria, a site known from Roman sources as a station on the Roman road from Gaza to Eilat. But since Palmer's day archaeologists have learned a great deal about pottery dating. After the ... Incorporating tree branches in construction is well-known from various countries and was used over long periods. In 1 Kings 7:12, it is said that in the court of the Temple in Jerusalem there were "three courses of hewn stone ... and a course of cedar beams." At Kuntillet Ajrud ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Capernaum 30 AD Archaeology has confirmed that the house functioned as an early house church. In later centuries different church building structures were built over it. The last one known as the octagonal church is now visible to visitors. The site is now protected from the elements by a modern superstructure." (The Trowel and the Truth, Scott Stripling, p 101, 2017 AD) 3. Building ... D. Excavation details: 1. "The excavations date this early synagogue (I) to the first century CE, based on the pottery found under and in the cobbled basalt pavement. Thus, the excavations prove that the synagogue (II) of the fourth-fifth centuries CE at Capernaum was erected above an earlier first-century basalt synagogue, somewhat similar in plan to both the later Capernaum synagogue and the other Second Temple period synagogues. Corbo (1982:Photos 1, 2, 5, 8, 10) maintains that the basalt wall belonged to the first-century synagogue, whereas Loffreda ascribes it to a level between the first-century pavement and the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Capernaum-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-basalt-foundation-peters-house-paralytic-manna-demon-healed-30ad.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #24: Letter from Zedekiah to send troops ... ... Digging up Bible stories! 5 ostraca document 3 important Bible events: 1. Pharaoh Nico II appoints Jehoiakim king of Judah in 609 BC. 2. Edomites move into the Judean Negev and Zedekiah orders troops for defense. 3. A man seeks asylum in the temple ... Zedekiah issues orders to Malchijah, the troop commander at the Arad fortress, to send troops from Arad and the nearby Kinah fortress, to the fortress at Ramah-Negev to secure its safety and defense. Malchijah relays the Zedekiah's orders to his son Gemariah who commands the fortress at nearby Kinah. Arad Ostracon #40 (Arad Ostracon #40 Letter to Zedekiah: "No troops sent" 597 BC) is a letter written on a broken pottery sherd from Gemariah to his father Malchijah at Arad that records the message ... In spite of the death threat from Zedekiah, local fort commanders refuse to transfer troops to Ramah-Negev. Ostracon 24 was found outside the fortress on the western slope, and it should be from Stratum VI (597 BC) according to the script "In my ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad24-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-life-and-death-matter-Eliashib-Malchijah-Elisha-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Edom-Zedekiah-597bc.htm

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830 BC: Ostraca of Elisha found in the home town of Elisha (Abel ... ... The Onomasticon is an ancient dictionary of Bible places and cities. b. The Madaba Map was based upon Eusebius' Onomasticon. 2. Name ring of Pharaoh Shishak: Rehov a. See full outline on Shishak's list of 187 cities on the wall of the Karnak temple b. While Thutmoses III and Shishak indeed both list Rehov as an ancient city, it does not tell us where it is except for a general ... II. Excavation of Tel Rehov as biblical Abel-Meholah: 1. In 2013 AD professional three-dimensional archeological excavations were carried out which resulted in the discovery of two very important things: a. The Elisha ostraca: A pottery sherd was found with Elisha's name printed in large red letters in Paleo-Hebrew script b. An apiary: This bee factory used man-made clay cylinders in which was placed a queen bee. The sophistication of this ancient Iron age site proves that Israel was a land of "Milk and BEE honey", not date honey as is popularly fictionalized today in Israel. 2. The town of Abel-Meholah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Elisha-Tel-Rehov-Abel-meholah-1Kings19-16-hometown-apiary-honey-factory-830bc.htm

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796 BC: Omri Stele inscription of Adad-Nirari III (810-783) found ... King Adad-nirari III (Assyria) they escaped Aram" King Ben Hadad III (Aram) Jehoash (Joash) of Israel [Omri-land], Ben-Hadad-III (Mari) king of Damascus Inscription on Stone Slab found at Calah (Nimrod): 796 BC "I received tribute from Tyre, Sidon, Israel (Omri-land), Edom, Philistines, and Damascus." (ANET, 282) Omri Stela of ... This ruler is mentioned twice in Assyrian inscriptions from the reigns of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal, which date to ca. 670 B.C. While this seventh century B.C. impression only provides us with a terminus post quem for the site and its pottery, since Umm el-Biyara is essentially a one-period site, the date of the settlement cannot be too ... throne he firmly established; holy priest, who provides magnificently for Esharra, who is unwearied, who upholds the cult (/it., law, com-mand) of Ekur (or, the temple); who went (forth) under the protection of Assur, his lord, and brought the princes of the four regions (of the world) in submission to his feet; who conquered ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Omri-land-stele-Amurru-Tyre-Sidon-Jehoash-Joash-Israel-Samaria-Edom-Palestine-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Damascus-Calah-Nimrod-796bc.htm

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Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies So the name of the city was called Hormah." Judges 1:17 The location of Hormah: Zepeta: "After a further journey of two hours and a half in a south-westerly direction, he found some ruins, which the Arabs called Zepâta. (Robinson also visited this spot, but could not discover the name of the ruins.) Rowlands could not for a moment doubt that this was the site of the ancient Zephath (or Hormah, vid. Josh. 15:30 and Judg. 1:17). (History of the old ... Biblical Tamar, 30 miles south of the Dead Sea, was one of the main cities on the spice trade. More than 25,000 objects ranging from the First Temple period to the early Arab period have been uncovered here, including a pit with Edomite cultic figures, Iron Age walls, ... The references to Arad, Hormah, and the Way of the Atharim have provided biblical historians, geographers, and archaeologists considerable difficulties. If the reference to Arad means the city of Arad, as identified with Tel Arad in the eastern Negev, then the problem is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm

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Shalmaneser III: Annals on annals Balawat bronze Gates: 848BC On the sheathing were also inscriptions of various military campaigns. 2. "The "Bronze Gates of Balâwât," as they are popularly known from the alleged site of their discovery (in 1876), are one of the choicest treasures of the British Museum. From the earliest to the latest days of Assyrian history we hear of gates and doors of cedar, and other woods, "whose odor is pleasant," covered with bands of bronze, sometimes even silver and gold, and set up in the entrances to palace or temple. In the Bronze Reliefs from the Gates of Shalmaneser, edited by King, will be found collotype reproductions of the thirteen bronze bands which formed part of the decoration of the "Balâwât ... Moving on from the city Me-turnat I approached the city Gannanāte. Marduk-bē1-usāte, the rebel king who did not know what he was doing, came forth to wage war and battle against me. I defeated him, made an extensive massacre, (and) imprisoned him in his city. I uprooted his harvest, cut down his gardens, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Balawat-Gates-bronze-cedar-tribute-Tyre-Sidon-ships-848BC.htm

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The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck ... The Edomites were devoted to the gods and goddesses of fertility. Townspeople and peasants had in their houses crude pottery figurines, representing the deities whose good will they sought. Thus, near Buseirah ( Bozrah) was found a 9th-8th century B.C. pottery figurine of a fertility goddess, wearing a lamp as a crown, and holding in her hands what seems to be a sacred loaf of bread -or is it a tambourine (Fig. 7, left )? The Edomite and other Transjordanian pottery of the 13th-6th centuries B.C. in itself bespeaks a highly developed civilization. Much of the ware is similar to contemporary ware in Palestine. However, there are differences, sufficiently large, ... There was also an ancient trade-route that led from Sela or Petra to the Wadi Arabah, then south to Ezion-geber:Elath ( or Aila as the Naba-taean-Roman-Byzantine site which took its place farther to the east, nearer modern Aqabah, became known later on), and westward via Qurnub to Gaza and Ascalon. This trade-route from Sela or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Jews persecuting Christians ... ... They took his advice; and after calling the apostles in, they flogged them and ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and then released them. So they went on their way from the presence of the Council, rejoicing that they had been considered worthy to suffer shame for His name. And every day, in the temple and from house to house, they kept right on teaching and preaching Jesus as the Christ." (Acts 5:17-42) C. Even Apostle Paul killed and persecuted ... The pottery includes storage jar fragments and a juglet dated to the sixth and seventh centuries. Several sixth- and seventh-century coins were found as well in the fill that contained the bones.3 Anthropological examination conducted on a sample of the bones suggested that the corpses or the bones were brought to the site from other places and hastily thrown here.4 The pottery and coins found point to the sixth or seventh century as the date of entombment. e. A similar thick concentration of bones was found in an ancient cistern ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70A-Justin-Martyr-patristic-apostolic-church-father-150ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC ... "The Death of Moses" (Torah nailed to the cross: Col 2:14) c. 25 BC: Lev 4:3-9; 8:31-11:40 "Sin offering without defect" (Jesus, the sinless Passover lamb: Isa 53) d. 25 BC: Ps 81:2-85:6; 150:1-6 "Israel did not obey Me" "Praise God in His True sanctuary" (The church is the true temple of God now) e. 90 BC: Ezekiel 35:11-38:14 "Messianic Vision Dry Bones rising" "Davidic kingdom, one shepherd" (Jesus is the resurrection and the live and the messianic branch of David who is sitting right now in heaven.) 2. "In addition to the two biblical scrolls found in the synagogue, several others-including sections of Psalms, Genesis, and Leviticus-were uncovered in various spots throughout the site. ... When the Jews cast lots on Monday 12th April AD 73 to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found including the leader, ben Ya'ir (Eleazar ben Ya'ir) b. This evidences the fact that Hebrew was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ ... The first discoveries were made in the late 1930s by B. Mazar of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The evidence of Greco-Roman influence there is overwhelming-the architecture of many catacomb facades, the impressive funerary monuments, the extensive art remains, and especially the inscriptions, almost 80% of which are in Greek. Soon after these discoveries, and at least in part because of them, S. Lieberman ... The cry of Jesus on the cross was in Aramaic: "About the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, "Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani?" that is, "My God, My God, why have You forsaken Me?"" (Matthew 27:46) b. When the Jews cast lots in 73 AD to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found including the leader, ben Ya'ir (Eleazar ben Ya'ir). VI. Aramaic was the working language of the Jerusalem Temple priests: This was the first Temple of YHWH outside Judea: Elephantine in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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The Wilderness of Zin, C. Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence ... ... of what is beyond question an interesting and important site. In the valley of Ain el Guderat we found a worked flint. It may of course have been a prehistoric one, and, if so, the place would be distinguished as the only Stone Age site we noted in our part of Sinai: but more probably it is of Arab manufacture and comparatively modern. ... is that their pottery is that of the tell (except for the lack of painted ware) and that of the Kossaima graves combined. They thus provide a useful link between the various remains of the Kossaima district. The graves at Kossaima also are described in full in the chapter dealing with burials (Chapter II, p. 29 - 30), and from them one may presume a small rude settlement in Kossaima also at the Guderat period. We were not successful in finding any house ruins there: they may have been destroyed, or we may have missed them; but the point is unimportant as we found plenty of dwelling-houses and a few graves of exactly the same type at Muweilleh. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-woolley-lawrence-the-wilderness-of-zin-1914-1915ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gush Halav, Gischala 78 BC Both buildings are among the early group of synagogues (i.e. they date from the 2nd-3rd centuries AD). The site is identified with el-Jish in Upper Galilee." (The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Gush-Halav) b. A church was built on top of remains of a second synagogue on the city hilltop. c. There are two stages to the church: an early structure in 250 AD and a later structure around 330 AD due to earthquake. d. The excavators found fragments of two heart-shaped columns with two ... Distance to Jerusalem: 140 Kilometers. 3. When an archeologist begins excavating a newly discovered synagogue, the first thing he does to determine if it is a first temple, pre-70 AD installation is determine the orientation. a. If the synagogue ... That implies also that whatever Hasmonean (or Herodian) military garrison was in the area was located at Gush Halav, and not Meiron. Given "the significant quantities of Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, and Middle Bronze pottery, ... significant ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gush-Halav-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-John-of-Gischala-first-jewish-war-revolt-bema-heart-columns-ark-scrolls-78bc.htm

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