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Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath ... the fall of Ugarit combine with separate ceramic links between Ashdod, Cyprus, and Ugarit and Tel Miqne, Cyprus, and Ugarit, respectively, to suggest that the first production of what is now ... Philistine bichrome and monochrome swirl and hash marked pottery from Gath and Ashdod: I. Origin of the Philistines: A. The Bible says that the Philistines came from "Caphtor" identified as ... and 150 years before Moses. d. In 1908 AD, the disk was discovered in Phaistos, Crete while the site was being professionally excavated. e. Several other artifacts have been excavated with similar designs and symbols on them. ... Discussion of Plate 46: The hieroglyphic inscription is from a large wall relief that features vertical lines of text. The Philistines had controlled the 5 cities of their Pentapolis since the ... Of course, Qeiyafa did not exist at the time of the battle in 1025 BC, but David built the circular fortress as a monument to the great battle. b. The circular outer gates of the city echo the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm

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The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... Although no traces of this connection have been excavated, pipeline fragments in the area suggest this connection. From a systems point of view, the Zurraba reservoir served principally to maintain ... Distributed along this piping system, a number of elevated basins (T in B;2) lined with hydraulic plaster (Fig. 8) served as receiving basins; earth-fill mound structures extend from the tanks to ... On the north side of Wadi Mousa, numerous high-status structures in the B;2 quadrant [Temple of the Winged Lions, Royal Palace (41), North Defense Wall and Fortress (35), Conway Tower (54)] are logically ... The Nabataean mindset sought to utilize all water resources. On-site dams constituted yet further complexity to water management. Local histories mention the existence of large dams - one on the ... Oxford: Oxford University Press. Flow Science Inc., 2003. Flow Science User's Manual. Santa Fe (NM): Flow Science, Inc. Glueck, N., 1959. Rivers in the Desert. New York (NY): Straus and Cudahy ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm

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The southern border of Judah and Kadesh Barnea at Petra ... Foremost, notice that the sequence is 1. River of Egypt, 2. Taphnes, 3. Ramesse, 4. Land of Goshen. Tahpanhes at Tel Defenna (Jeremiah 2:16; 43:7; 43:8) is east of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile ... Eusebius says Kadesh Barnea was located at Petra. Hezron Hezron = literal Hebrew: "surrounded by a wall". (Enhanced Strong's Lexicon) Addar Addar = literal Hebrew: "exceeding glorious". (Enhanced ... Qudeirat was the "border town" between Egypt and Israel after 900 BC. 4. Archaeological reports about the excavations at Ein el-Quderat misidentified as Kadesh Barnea: a. "The earliest fortress on the site was ... Dozens of such fortresses have been located since the survey of Woolley and Lawrence, and many have been excavated over the past 12 years-mainly by the author sometimes in conjunction with Z. ... Final reports are not yet published (for preliminary reports see Cohen 1983; Naveh 1962; Reich 1989). Judaean artifacts found at both sites include, for example, inscribed weights, pottery ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory.htm

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The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... ... Edomites, Nelson Glueck, 1947 AD) In 796 BC Adad-nirari III, king of Assyria defeats Ben Hadad III, king of Aram: 2 Kings 13:5 Earliest reference to Edom outside the Bible in ASSYRIAN sources is the Omri-land stele: 796 BC Papyrus Anastasi VI references Edom in 1205 BC: "We have finished letting the Bedouin tribes of Edom pass the Fortress" (ANET, 259) The ... century B.C. impression only provides us with a terminus post quem for the site and its pottery, since Umm el-Biyara is essentially a one-period site, the date of the settlement cannot be too much earlier." (Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, Vol. ... Joash defeats Amaziah at Beth-shemesh, takes him to Jerusalem but does not kill him (2 Chro 25:25). He then proceeds to tear down part of the wall of Jerusalem, loot the temple of Solomon and ... This proves Kadesh Barnea cannot be at Qudeirat because the border of Edom in 1446 BC was 50 km east in modern Jordan. The Edomites attacks the Ramah-Negev fortress (Tel Ira) triggering king ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC ... When the Jews cast lots on Monday 12th April AD 73 to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found ... Though no mikveh was provided adjacent to the synagogue, there was a fine mikveh on the diametrically opposite side of the site, and another in the northeast corner of the administrative building, nearer ... If the original building were also a synagogue, it was early, perhaps earlier than Gamla." (Building Jewish in the Roman East, Peter Richardson, p126, 2004 AD) 6. "Initially excavated by Yigael Yadin and his team in the early 1960s, this edifice was part of Herod's desert fortress at Masada. Its ... CE). The earlier building, consisting of a hall and an anteroom on the east (Fig. II-6a), was changed into a building with an entrance on the southeastern wall, comprising an entrance room (10.5 x 3.7 m) and a main hall (10.5 x 8.0 m) divided by five columns set on pedestals (Figs. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... The earliest find on the site is an inscription mentioning Aretas IV (9 BC - AD 40) and pottery of the Middle Nabatean Period. It was probably founded as a road station on the secondary caravan route connecting Oboda with Nessana. It shared the prosperity ... a window in the wall, and so escaped his hands." (2 Corinthians 11:32-33) Paul knew Aretas was the king of Arabia at Petra who was over the vassal governor of Damascus. In both Paul's and Josephus' mind Arabia was Transjordan. Petra was also the location of ancient Kadesh Barnea. Coins of Aretas IV issued from AD 18-39: The author excavated this coin of ... During this Persian period Arabia included Rameses/Avaris at Tel el-Dab'a, Pithom at Tel Retaba and the Wadi Tumilat. The Septuagint translators in 282 BC called Goshen "Arabia" because of ... harbor and fortified place [military fortress], which is called White Village [Greek = Leuke Kome], from which there is a road to Petra, which is subject to Malichas, King of the Nabateans. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC Twin Bulls 840 BC h. Marble Tablets 838 BC i. Alabaster Statue 838 BC 7. Kuntillet Ajrud ostraca "Fortress in the Negev": 839 BC 8. Silver Scroll from Ketef Hinnom: 725-650 BC 9. Elisha of ... No. yet John came in the "power and spirit of Elijah" Jn 10:41 Yes 35. Blindness, sight Strikes Aram army with blindness Restores site of blind man: Jn 9 36. Angels at disposal The Battle of ... 17th regnal year of Asa in November (post Tishri). 895 BC Nov. Tel Dan Excavations 1 Ki 15:18-20 Tel Dan Archeological Destruction layer excavated from the Battle of Naphtali. The city gate at Dan with judgement seat and benches. ... Jezebel in the gate tower of Jezreel with "painted eyes looking through the window" (2 Ki 9:30) is a common pagan motif found on Ivory carvings in Samaria and Egyptian stone stele and wall ... Iron Age IIA begins with the rule of David in Hebron in 1010 BC and ends in the conquest of Jehu in 841 BC. 1. Archaeologists recognize a new assemblage of pottery and objects came into use ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most ... to devour and destroy." (Jeremiah 15:1-3) h. ""Then I will make you to this people A fortified wall of bronze; And though they fight against you, They will not prevail over you; For I am with ... See also the Arad Ostraca correspondence above where Zedekiah writes letters on pottery sherds to the fortress at Arad. Letter 1: Jeremiah chapters 50-51 in October 595 BC: Jeremiah writes a scroll, two chapters ... Here is an unrelated brick from Esagila and Ezida in Babylon that was stamped with Nebuchadnezzar's inscription. It is interesting that many of these bricks have been excavated and they were ... After the destruction of Shiloh, Nob is where the tabernacle tent had stood for 76 years from 1094 to 1018 BC. i. David fled Saul from his palace at Gibeah (Tel el-Ful) to Nob (Mount of Olives) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc

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Seder Olam Rabbah modern Jewish calendar English pdf free online ... Seder Olam is preserved in several manuscripts that date to after 1200 AD. b. Many Dead Sea scroll fragments/scrolls/copies of Jubilees have been excavated showing it ... historical dates which most Jewish archeologists follow. Chronology is critical in correctly "reading" pottery, destruction layers and site occupational history. ... The use of the Greek proschema (ornament), a term applied in classical literature to other impregnable fortress cities, suggests that Antipas fortified the city in ... After-Rabbi's death, the importance of Sepphoris as a rabbinic site did not recede. Not only did the patriarchal house and court remain in Sepphoris for a period of ... The word of the Eternal was to Ezechiel ben Buzi, the priest, ..." (Ez. 3:15) "I came to the deportees at Tel Abib . . . I sat there seven days speechless among ... Twelve years he was in the land of Israel, repairing the wall and returning every man to his town and his inherited land. And so it says (Neh. 13:6): "When all this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Seder-Olam-Rabbah-full-text-PDF-Free-Online-Chronology-modern-Jewish-calendar-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Rabbinical-Judaism-160AD.htm

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REFUTED: Full-Preterist, "Realized Eschatology", "AD 70 doctrine ... ... Haggai 1:1: 29th August 520 BC e. "shake heavens and earth, greater glory" Haggai 2:1-9 = 16th November 520 BC f. No wall stones are yet laid upon temple foundation: ... attempts to break into the temple to steal the riches, through the Antonia fortress but failed. (Wars 2.331) Florus leaves the city and withdraws the 2 cohorts of ... was continuously occupied from AD 70 down past AD 542. We know from excavations that Jerusalem was rich in Early Roman, Late Roman, Byzantine and Islamic pottery. ... I was in Jerusalem on an archeological excavation and was staying at the Yad Hashmona kibbutz high atop the cliffs with a perfect view of the sunset and Tel Aviv. ... outside each synagogue as early at 280 BC. Every archeological top plan of every synagogue ever excavated had a full immersion water pool known as a mikveh. d. ... wear away, And the sky will be rolled up like a scroll; All their hosts will also wither away As a leaf withers from the vine, Or as one withers from the fig tree. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Refuted-Full-Preterism-Realized-eschatology-debunked-exposed-second-coming-Parousia-rapture-destruction-Jerusalem-70AD-Doctrine-Revelation-Commentary.htm

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The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Map of the Quseima area: Click to View Click to View Introduction: Solomon's border fortress at Quseima is the largest of over 50 that have been discovered because of its strategic location. The summit was able to watch over three of four springs in the area. Only Qedeis was out of visual site. Quseima is the center of a four major ancient crossroads (Darb Esh-Sherif, Darb El Ghazza, Darb Ez Aaul, ... The location is also unique: it was apparently of crucial importance to erect the fortress at this particular site. Most convincing is the way the building was built to conform to the topography: the outer wall encircles ... Click to View D. Negev pottery found at Quseima: More on Negev Pottery. The main finds, as stated, were potsherds. Not one complete or even restorable vessel was found. As usual in sites of this category in the Negev, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm

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830 BC: Ostraca of Elisha found in the home town of Elisha (Abel ... Ostraca of Elisha found in the home town of Elisha (Abel-meholah): 830 BC Elisha of Abel-meholah: 1 Kings 19:15-17 Tel Rehov Apiary: excavation site name for Biblical Abel-meholah "The Lord said to Elijah [at Mt. Sinai], "Go, return on your way to the wilderness of Damascus, and ... The home town of Elisha would be a famous place during and after his lifetime. 5. Finds from the excavations at Tel Rehov are housed at the Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv which features: a. The Elisha ostracon b. Excavated of pagan ceramic fertility goddesses. c. Several ceramic four horned altars. d. Stamped jar handles unique to Tel Rehov. e. A variety of household pottery, including a tabun (oven). f. Mud bricks from the houses. ... The Madaba Map was based upon Eusebius' Onomasticon. 2. Name ring of Pharaoh Shishak: Rehov a. See full outline on Shishak's list of 187 cities on the wall of the Karnak temple b. While Thutmoses III and Shishak indeed both list Rehov as an ancient city, it does not tell us where ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Elisha-Tel-Rehov-Abel-meholah-1Kings19-16-hometown-apiary-honey-factory-830bc.htm

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609 BC: Arad Ostraca #88: Jehoiakim is appointed king of Judah ... ... Arad ostracon 88 is a provenanced surface find but it is unprovenienced. The ostracon was discovered by Israel Sommer in 1974 when we walked the entire site and randomly picked up surface pottery and putting all the pieces into a single bag without marking where each piece was found on tel Arad. Later that day at Engedi, Israel Sommer washed his pottery and only then discovered the inscription on the broken pottery sherd which became Arad ostracon 88. So while ... Although remains of only three lines were preserved, these lines are clearly part of a letter from the king of Judah to the fortress commander; according to the handwriting, it must come from Stratum VII. This is an important addition to the collection of ostraca." ... King of Egypt to..." (Arad Inscriptions, Yohanan Aharoni, Arad inscription 88, p 103, 1981 AD) 1. The excavation reports for Arad Ostracon #88 are: a. Arad was excavated 1962-1967 AD. b. Arad Inscriptions, Yohanan Aharoni, Arad inscription 40, p 70, 1981 AD (The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad88-letters-Jehoiakim-Judah-appointed-king-by-Pharoah-Neco-II-Egypt-2Kings23-34-I-became-king-in-all-the-land-be-strong-609bc.htm

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The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck However, Glueck does clearly state that the territory of Edom was entirely transjordan. (The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck, 1947 AD) At the beginning of the 13th century B. C. a new agricultural ... The land was clotted with well built stone villages and towns. The borders of these kingdoms, which can now be accurately fixed, were fortified by strong fortresses ( Fig. 5 ), built usually on eminences and commanding a view of each other. The agriculture of these kingdoms was intensive, their pottery well-made, their commerce sensibly ordered, ... There was also an ancient trade-route that led from Sela or Petra to the Wadi Arabah, then south to Ezion-geber:Elath ( or Aila as the Naba-taean-Roman-Byzantine site which took its place farther to the east, nearer ... At this time the nation probably regained control of the Wadi Arabah and seized the port-city and industrial center of Ezion-geber: Elath, identified with Tell el-Kheleifeh on the north shore of the Gulf of Aqabah, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: ALAR OF ABRAHAM, AI OF JOSHUA, EPHRAIM OF JESUS: Et Tel is the Ai "ruin" of Abraham located 1 km east of Khirbet el-Maqatir which was the Ai of Joshua, the first conquest city. The city of Ai of ... It is common in antiquity for a city to be destroyed and a new one is build nearby that borrows the same name. Here is a photo by the author when he excavated the Ai of Joshua (Maqatir) in 2012 AD. f. KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: AI OF JOSHUA (1446 BC): Notice the Late bronze (1406 BC) wall that surrounded the city Joshua conquered, had later Iron I ... alphabet shortly after they moved to Avaris also known as the archeological site named Tel el Dab'a. 10. In 1806 BC Joseph dies. 11. Joseph is buried in the great tomb structure at Avaris excavated at Tel el Dab'a. ... Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). Even Tjeku, the name of the region of Wadi Tumilat, is regarded by ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Jews persecuting Christians ... ... These findings clearly associate the mass burial in the cave with the Christian population of Jerusalem, pointing to the early seventh century as the date of entombment, and connecting it to the Persian invasion (Reich 1996: 31-33). The location of the cave, about 200 m east of the Mamilla pool, correlates with the site ... of construction works about 300 m north of the Mamilla burial cave and to the northwest of the Old City walls (Kloner 2001: 137-38; and see fig. 1).2 Four deep trenches were excavated in an area of 10.5 x 8 m, revealing a thick accumulation of bones scattered above bedrock. A cistern and a wall segment were observed nearby. It seems that this was an open stone quarry, in which a water cistern was constructed in a later stage. The quarry and cistern were filled with a thick deposit containing a large quantity of bones. In the lower section of this deposit, large quantities of Byzantine pottery and a heap of white tesserae (maybe the remains of a floor) were found. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70A-Justin-Martyr-patristic-apostolic-church-father-150ad.htm

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Shiloh Israel: Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times ... Here is your Professional Dig Staff who will make your visit to Israel amazing and memorable. Join Steve Rudd in digging up Bible stories! "What we dig in the ground we find in the Book" Site location: 30 km North of Jerusalem ... at Sinai located on modern north Saudi Arabia. "This precinct of the late Hyksos Period (ph. D/2) thus far excavated consists of the following elements: Remains of a substantial fortification wall (A) along the banks of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile. It was constructed of mud-brick, 6.20 m (12 cubits) ... It is a kind of casemate construction filled with debris, which was originally at least 31.5 x 27.1 m (c. 60 x 52 cubits), but there is no absolute certainty about its eastern edge'" (Palatial Precinct at the Nile Branch Area H, ... It has been excavated and explored on a large scale by a geophysical survey (Fig. 1). The most prominent elements are a smaller (F) and a bigger palatial structure (G). They were set up parallel to each other and enclose a huge ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-tel-shiloh-israel-archeological-excavations-associates-for-bible-research-find-a-dig-tabernacle-of-moses-cubit-20.6-inches-1399-1094BC.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #24: Letter from Zedekiah to send troops ... ... Malchijah relays the Zedekiah's orders to his son Gemariah who commands the fortress at nearby Kinah. Arad Ostracon #40 (Arad Ostracon #40 Letter to Zedekiah: "No troops sent" 597 BC) is a letter written on a broken pottery sherd from Gemariah to his father Malchijah at Arad that records ... Nehemiah's reply to Malchijah in Jerusalem where they refuse to send troops to Ramah-Negev because of the threat of Edomite attacks at their fortress of Kinah. Archeology has proven there were fortresses dating to around 600 BC at Arad, Kinah (Horvat Uza) and Ramah-Negev (Tel Ira). (Steven Rudd, 2015 AD) Arad ostraca #24 is Zedekiah's angry reply to Arad #40 "Letter to Zedekiah", after they refuse to send troops. ... Behold, I have sent to warn you today: [Get] the men to Elisha: Lest Edom should come there." (Arad Inscriptions, Yohanan Aharoni, Arad inscription 24, p 46, 1981 AD) The excavation reports for Arad Ostracon #24 are: Arad was excavated 1962-1967 AD. "Ostracon 40 from Arad was published by ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad24-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-life-and-death-matter-Eliashib-Malchijah-Elisha-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Edom-Zedekiah-597bc.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gush Halav, Gischala 78 BC Let him be blessed.' Both buildings are among the early group of synagogues (i.e. they date from the 2nd-3rd centuries AD). The site is identified with el-Jish in Upper Galilee." (The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy ... D And what is a dwelling house in a walled city? E [A city in which are not less than] three courtyards, each with two houses, surrounded by a wall from the time of Joshua ben Nun, F such as: I the old castle of Sepphoris; 2. the fortress of Gush Halab, 3. old Yodpat, 4. Gamala, 5. Gadwad, 6. Hadid, 7. Ono, 8. ... That implies also that whatever Hasmonean (or Herodian) military garrison was in the area was located at Gush Halav, and not Meiron. Given "the significant quantities of Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, and Middle Bronze pottery, ... for eight centuries prior to 104 b.c.e. (Archaeology and the Villages of Upper Galilee: A Dialogue with Archaeologists, Richard Horsley, BASOR 297, p7, 1995 AD) 2. Two synagogues have been excavated at Gush Halav (Gischala) a. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gush-Halav-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-John-of-Gischala-first-jewish-war-revolt-bema-heart-columns-ark-scrolls-78bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: Elim (Nabatean Leuke Kome, Onne, Aynuna) ... A ceramic aqueduct transported fresh water 3 km from the buildings down to the seaport. There are a cluster of 7 archaeological sites located between the seaport and the mudbrick fortress that include a Nabatean cemetery. a. "'Aynunah is one of the ... A reference by Marcianus may extend the occupation until ad 400 (Ward 2002: 115). Surface pottery from Aynuna included Nabataean wares (Ingraham et al. 1981: pls 82, 86), but no Egyptian or Eastern ones can be identified from the literature. Petra, the capital of Nabataea and an important caravan site, has, on the other hand, been intensively excavated and published. To date, Gogte (1999) has identified a mould-decorated pot similar to Hellenistic ones, like those made in western India (Begley ... No traces of ancient structures except for some ruins of a water conduit of unknown date can be observed in the port of Khoraiba [see Fig. 2]. The 19thcentury seafarers' accounts paint a picture of humble buildings of mud brick and reed (Wellsted ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-elim.htm

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They are digging up Bible stories! Start Page We never find any conflict with the facts of archeology and the Bible. We accept the discovery of a buried village in an ancient tel, or bones or tools are pottery or writings. It is the interpretation or opinions of the very archeologists who ... Common archeological ages are: "Kebaran": 14,000 years and older. "Mushabian": 13-14,000 years old. "Natufian": 10,500-13,000 years old. "Pre-Pottery Neolithic" 7,500 - 10,500 years old. Pottery Neolithic: 7,500 years old and younger. We know from ... paradigm' began during the 1970s with Benno Rothenberg's and later by Gary Pratico's demolition of Nelson Glueck's concept of `Solomon's copper mines' in the Timnah Valley in the Arabah and of his identification of Ezion Geber with Tell el-Kheleifeh. ... We hope you look closely at the things we have said above and study these matters out for yourself. We invite your input, suggestions, criticisms, corrections etc. The materials on this site are free, but do not place them on your own website, use ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-start-here.htm

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Rehoboam, Shishak I (945-924 BC ) Canaan battle relief topographical ... ... So also the dressing of the surfaces and the decoration could be done and obviously- were done without reference to the rest of the wall and colonnade." (Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak: The Bubasite Portal by The Epigraphic Survey, ... Of particular interest to us here are nine place-names formed with the component p.h\-q-r, which can be readily associated with the Semitic root h\-g-r ("fort"). The list includes, for example, the fortress of Great Arad, which clearly refers to the site still bearing that name. ... Lost 53 Pnw-3r, [P]enuel 54 Hdst, "new town" (unknown city) 55 P3-n-Skt, "the one of Succoth" 56 3dm, Adam[ah], Kh. Tel ed-Damiyeh Joshua 3:16 57 Dmrm, Zemaraim Josh 18:22 58 Shechem? "and its Midgol" 59 [Mi]gdol, [Ti]rzah 60 [?]nr ... Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz The Discussion of Shishak's invasion if Israel would not be ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-sheshonq-I-shoshenq-shishak-shishaq-bubastite-karnak-conquest-campaign-canaan-battle-relief-topographical-list-187-cities-conquered-name-rings-926bc.htm

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Tomb of Jesus with Rolling stone ... III. Burial Practices at the time of Joseph: 1865 BC 1. The tomb of Joseph and the Patriarchs at Tel el Dab'a (Avaris, Goshen) a. Excavated by the Austrian team, but identified by David Rohl, a mortuary structure of 12 tombs surrounding a central tomb ... The Egyptians blamed Hatshepsut for the destruction of Egypt through the ten plagues because she adopted Moses. 2. The tomb of Joseph at Shechem had many buildings over its history erected over the site. a. Pictured ... her to the city of David until he had finished building his own house and the house of the LORD and the wall around Jerusalem." (1 Kings 3:1) b. "Then Solomon brought Pharaoh's daughter up from the city of David to ... Jerusalem area. 6. Here is the ossuary of Caiaphas the high priest of Mt 26:57. https://www.bible.ca/pottery/Bible-pottery-Stoneware-ossuary-Joseph-son-of-Caiaphas-high-priest-burial-cave-Jerusalem-Elaborate-Aramaic-inscription-soft-limestone-Matthew26-57-Jesus-18-36ad.jpg Conclusion: 1. Jesus has risen from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tombs-burials-Jewish-rolling-stone-Jesus-Christ-resurrection-3-days-Koch-Loculi-ossuary.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Cana 40 BC Stoneware was excavated a Kh. Qana proving it was a first century synagogue at the time of Jesus. 3. Stoneware outline A. Earliest Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = 40 BC 1. Excavation date: first century 2. Inscriptional date: ... Nathanael answered Him, "Rabbi, You are the Son of God; You are the King of Israel." Jesus answered and said to him, "Because I said to you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe? You will see greater things than ... Now at this time my [Josephus] abode was in a village of Galilee, which is named Cana." (Josephus, Life 86) 5. "History of Cana of Galilee: Cana of Galilee has a long history. Worked stone littering the site indicates occupation as far back as the Neolithic period. Iron Age (1200-586 B.C.E.) pottery is also evident. ... In fact, the hilltop walls were defensive walls from the Persian invasion or Muslim conquest (614 or 634 C.E.). Another part of the wall in the southwest, however, was early Roman, finer and more monumental than the rest; it is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cana-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-khirbet-qana-John2-miracle-water-wine-stoneware-pot-pillar-mikveh-30bc.htm

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A Note on an Inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud, Debra Chase Debra A. Chase, 1982 AD) Introduction In 1975-76 several Hebrew and Phoenician inscriptions were discovered in a fortress-like structure at Kuntillet Ajrud (Kuntillet Quraiyah) in the northern Sinai. ... this monograph Meshel categorizes the inscriptions—those incised in stone vessels, those written on plaster and on pottery vessels, and letters on pottery—and offers transcriptions and translations. ... Fig. 1. Drawing of the significant elements of the inscription, line 3. Palaeography The he at the beginning of line 3 is clear.6 Both the size and style of the form—broad strokes, square shape—mark ... For other reports see Singer 1976: 33-34; Meshel and Meyers 1976: 6-10; Meshel 1978a: 50-54; 1979: 24-35. 21n the discussions of the inscriptional material from the site this pithos is identified as ... Naveh, J. 1979 Graffiti and Dedications. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 235: 27-30. Pardee, D. 1978 Letters from Tel Arad. Ugarit-Forschungen 10: 289-336. Singer, S. 1976 Cache ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-inscription-from-kuntillet-ajrud-debra-chase-1982ad.htm

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Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... ... for thus says the king of Assyria, "Make your peace with me and come out to me, and eat each of his vine and each of his fig tree and drink each of the waters of his own cistern," (2 Kings 18:31) 2. Cisterns are dug out of solid bedrock and often ... Hundreds of pottery sherds were found along with animal bones, grinding stones, coins that were 2000 years old. d. Broken pottery sherds were used to lift water from a cistern. Many "button bottom" bases from "bag storage jars" were found at the ... These materials, including stones, large quantities of mortar and lime, and timber for roofing, were usually stored at the site. In addition, a water cistern was often excavated at the site a year before beginning construction of the house, in order to ensure ... This high-quality bonding material made possible the construction of stone walls to full height. Its main function was to bond the stones in the wall and create a uniform inner and outer face. Layers of this type of mortar were also placed ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... The author has excavated hundreds of squares, and almost without exception, animal bones are found in every one of them. Ash layers (loci) are common and sometimes provide evidence of dated destructions. Ash and bone are always dated by the pottery and other ... It is entirely possible that some Unicorn Internet Archeologist (UIA) visited the site and engaged in archaeological terrorism by adding stones into the 5 door opening to create one continuous wall because it better fit his preconceived delusion that these were animal chutes. The author excavated one of the largest first century cities (Ephraim of John 11) in Israel at Khirbet el-Maqatir until the site closed in AD 2016. The site today is barely recognizable compared ... Rahab the Harlot's house was on the outside wall of Jericho. Iron age fortresses were oval because they were built to follow the contour of hill tops and usually featured small casemate rooms around the perimeter. These can be seen today at Kh. Qeiyafa (Iron I ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... the cries of such as were slain; (249) while the whole space of ground whereon they fought ran with blood, and the wall might have been ascended over by the bodies of the dead carcasses; (250) the mountains also contributed to increase ... July-Aug AD 67. Josephus captured, 39 Jews at Jotapata, 37 commit suicide: (Josephus Wars 3.141-150; 342-344; 352; 362; 383-384; 392 ) In AD 67 the famous Josephus himself took refuge with 40 men a large cistern in the fortress of Jotapata ... Here is a phot of the ultra rare "Gamla coin" of unknown denomination. c. 73 AD 960 Jews at Masada: Then on Monday 12th April AD 73, 960 Jews committed suicide at Masada. The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada in 1965 AD with the names of each of the ... Maqatir): The author helped excavate and photographed the bones of these 8 women and children killed by Vespasian. They were excavated in a large underground hiding discovered on site in 2013 AD. c. Jerusalem was under siege and nobody got ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-Commentary-Josephus-Chronology-Destruction-Jerusalem-First-Jewish-War-70AD.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... the cries of such as were slain; (249) while the whole space of ground whereon they fought ran with blood, and the wall might have been ascended over by the bodies of the dead carcasses; (250) the mountains also contributed to increase ... July-Aug AD 67. Josephus captured, 39 Jews at Jotapata, 37 commit suicide: (Josephus Wars 3.141- 150; 342-344; 352; 362; 383-384; 392 ) In AD 67 the famous Josephus himself took refuge with 40 men a large cistern in the fortress of ... Here is a phot of the ultra rare "Gamla coin" of 22 unknown denomination. c. 73 AD 960 Jews at Masada: Then on Monday 12 th April AD 73, 960 Jews committed suicide at Masada. The 11 pottery sherds that were used as lots were excavated at Masada in 1965 AD with the names of each of ... Maqatir): The author helped excavate and photographed the bones of these 8 women and children killed by Vespasian. They were excavated in a large underground hiding discovered on site in 2013 AD. c. Jerusalem was under siege and nobody got ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible%20Only%20Revelation%20Commentary%20Josephus-Chronology%20Destruction%20Jerusalem%20Steven%20Rudd.pdf

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... Deuteronomy 7:19 LXX eyes saw, . .. the signs 136. Deuteronomy 7:24 stand before you 137. Deuteronomy 8:7 LXX and wide land 138. Deuteronomy 8:8 LXX vine, ... fig trees 139. Deuteronomy 8:18 LXX to Abraahm, to Yesaahq, and to Yaaqob, as it ... were also Gk papyri with lists of names. (IsrEJ 11 [1961] 21-24, 53-58.)" 3. Tefillin [on person] and Mezuzot [on door] have been excavated at several other Dead Sea Scroll site: a. Qumran: 27 fragments from Cave 4 and 2 fragments from Cave 8. b. Wadi Murabba'at: 2 fragments c. ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the reconfigured palace, near the section identified as a ... When the Jews cast lots in 73 AD to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found including the leader, ben Ya'ir (Eleazar ben Ya'ir). 4. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... Deuteronomy 7:19 LXX eyes saw, . .. the signs 136. Deuteronomy 7:24 stand before you 137. Deuteronomy 8:7 LXX and wide land 138. Deuteronomy 8:8 LXX vine, ... fig trees 139. Deuteronomy 8:18 LXX to Abraahm, to Yesaahq, and to Yaaqob, as it ... were also Gk papyri with lists of names. (IsrEJ 11 [1961] 21-24, 53-58.)" 3. Tefillin [on person] and Mezuzot [on door] have been excavated at several other Dead Sea Scroll site: a. Qumran: 27 fragments from Cave 4 and 2 fragments from Cave 8. b. Wadi Murabba'at: 2 fragments c. ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the reconfigured palace, near the section identified as a ... When the Jews cast lots in 73 AD to decide who would commit suicide first, they wrote their names in Aramaic not Hebrew on pottery sherds. 11 of these Aramaic ostraca have been found including the leader, ben Ya'ir (Eleazar ben Ya'ir). 4. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ... ... The western wall of the mountain fortress runs in a straight line from its south-eastern corner (Jebel Araif en-Nakah) to the north-eastern heights, which unite it with the Rakmah, and bears the names ... But just as the separation of the mountains of the Amorites from the northern wall of the Azazimat, by the Wady Murreh, is concealed by the link which connects the two together to the east of Eboda; ... He started from Gaza ; and following the road to Khalasa, at the end of the first three hours' journey towards the S.S.E. he came upon the site of GEOGRAPHICAL STJEYEY. 227 the anc ient Gerar^ in the ... spring is called Muweilih by Robinson ; but the Arabs called it Moilahhi Kadesah, and pointed out at no great distance the Beit Hajar (House of Hagar), a rock in which there were chambers excavated. ... with the usual caprice of the critics when dealing with Biblical accounts, everything has been turned upside down, and every argument of any worth has been swept away (car tel est mon bon plaisir). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... In 2091 BC, Abraham built an altar in Shechem beside the Oak of Moreh where God appeared to him and promised to give his seed the land: "Abram passed through the land as far as the site of Shechem, to ... Jeroboam inherits and expands the Danite altar and builds a duplicate at Bethel. The Danite pagan altar at Tel Dan becomes a template for his new religion founded at Shechem. b. "Then Jeroboam built ... In the Persian period the temple precinct was about 96 × 98 m in size and was built of local field stones. Adjacent to a large chamber gate (with six or eight chambers) in the northern wall, a ... Gerizim by the Jewish priests who followed the grandson of Eliashib, who was married to the daughter of Sanballat the Horonite (Neh. 13:28)." On the basis of the thousands of pottery vessels and ... The Greek Septuagint was translated from the Hebrew "Aramaic Hebrew" manuscripts of Ezra in Jerusalem. d. The author has excavated what Adam Zertal wrongly called "Joshua's Alter" on Mt. Ebal. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... of Judea we know about until the Persian age that began in 333 BC. During the Persian era we know the names of 8 governors of Judah including their several bullae, pottery handle stamps and coins! ... Officials, G. Ernest Wright, Vol 1) "The nearby city fortress of Lachish provides clear proof that it had been twice burned over a short period of time, coinciding with the two captures of Jerusalem. ... 11:7) "When Jephthah subdued the Ammonites, "he smote them ... as far as Abel-keramim" (Judges 11:33), whose ruins today constitute Tell el 'Umeiri, a Jordanian site about 37 miles east of Jerusalem. ... It was found in the sift from topsoil excavated near the W rim of the mound about 50 cm above the remains of a major public structure termed the Ammonite Citadel by the excavators. The seal impression ... 22:3, 8-12)." (ISBE, Rule of Gedaliah, Volume 2, Page 919, 1979 AD) Since this seal was found at tel Mizpah, it seems obvious to associate this Jaazaniah with the Gedaliah the first governor of Judah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... They were a primitive race who dwelt in caves and lived by hunting; they did not cultivate the ground or keep cattle and sheep; they did not know the arts of making pottery or weaving; their tools and ... Outsiders were refused entry to the Petra basin and it became the storing 'place for plunder. As the trade route by-passed the actual city site this was quite easy to do. Eventually, they found acting ... A fortress on the summit of Al-Habis was a solitary look-out. Both were abandoned at the end of the twelfth century. When the Crusaders were finally defeated Petra was ruled by Saladin's brother Al ... Many ancient peoples practised a cult of the dead. This can most readily be seen whenever graves are excavated, and evidence is found of deposits of food and other necessities, for the use of the dead ... The spring has been enclosed now in a small building with three white domes (it looks like a mosque) and bubbles out from under a stone wall along a pebbly channel. The clear water is safe to drink. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm

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Gilgal One of the site's most intriguing features, which the author hopes to excavate some day, is a stone pile positioned on the long axis in the southern portion. The ribbon of greenery behind the hill marks the course of the fertile Wadi Far'ah, which links the sites of Shechem, Mt. Ebal and Tell Far'ah North (Tirzah) to the Jordan River. The name "Gilgal" was not originally a specific place-name, but rather a term for a fortified camp. El 'Unuq appears to be just that. Although the site lacks permanent living quarters, it contains considerable pottery, the earliest of which dates to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E. and closely resembles pottery from the altar the author excavated on Mt. Ebal. In addition, the monumental size of el 'Unuq's enclosure wall suggests a fortification. This evidence supports the identification of el 'Unuq as a fortified camp from the early Iron I period, the period of Israel's earliest history in Canaan. . Professor Benjamin Mazar of the Hebrew University has ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-gilgal.htm

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Panorama photos of ancient Israel from the Bible Panorama Photographs of Israel Ancient Israel Tour Guide to archeological site Travel and Tourist Maps Alphabetic listing of panoramas in Israel: Ai of Abraham, Et Tel Ai of Joshua, Khirbet el Maqatir Ararat, Urartu Ashkelon Azekah Beersheba Beth Guvrin, Betogabris Beth Shean Beth Shemesh Bethsaida Dor Elah Fortress, Khirbet Qeiyafa Gath, Tel Safi Gibeah of Saul, Benjamin Gibeon Herodion Jarmuth Jericho of Jesus Jericho of Joshua Jesus Boat, Galilee Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD Mareshah Mt. Karkom Mt. Musa (Mt. Sinai) Ramah ... Abraham and Isaac stayed here when under Philistine control. Beth Guvrin, Betogabris Hellenistic and Roman, Possible home of Nahum Bethsaida Fishing village of Philip, Andrew and Peter Beth Shean Saul and Jonathan's headless body was put on the wall on the hill Beth Shemesh Ark of the Covenant came up the Sorek valley from Philistine Ekron to Beth shemesh by Ox cart and 50,000 Hebrews ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/panorama-photos-israel-tour-guide-travel-maps.htm

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Cypriot Pottery From the Island of Cypress She never found Cypriot pottery herself and she misread the pottery she did find by over 150 years too early. Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho in the 1950's and concluded that the walls fell 150 years before the Bible says they did in 1600 BC because she had no training in reading late Bronze pottery and she ignored the fact that Garstang found imitation Cypriotware in his excavations in the 1920's. Dr. Bryant Wood has a PhD in Late Bronze pottery and when he reexamined Kenyon's misdated pottery, he proved her conclusions wrong and gave Jericho back to Bible believing Christians. Kathleen Kenyon (excavations: 1952-58) said the tel belonged to time much earlier and could not be Biblical Jericho based on the absence of the ... And there was a man called by the name of Zaccheus; he was a chief tax collector and he was rich." Luke 19:1-2: "PPNB: Beidha is currently the only southern Levantine site that documents this transition in residential architecture. Elsewhere in the southern ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-cypriot-pottery.htm

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Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times and Lands Anathoth (Ras el-Kharrubeh) Antipatris, Aphek in Sharon (fortress) (Tell Ras el-Ain) Aphek of Aram (fortress) Aphek of Asher (fortress) Aphekah of Judah fortress (Kh. el Hadab) Arad Aram Archelaus (Kh. Awja et-Tahtani) Aroer (tell Ara ir) Arubboth (Khirbet el-Hamam) Arumah (Kh.el-Ormah) Ashdod ... Daberath (Kh.Dabbura) Damascus Dan, Laish (Judge 18:30) Debir, Kiriath-sannah/sepher (Khirbat Rabud) Dibon: Num 21:30; 32:34 Moabite Stone: 2 Ki 3:4 Dion (Tel Ashari) Dor Dothan Ebenezer (Izbet Sartah) Edrei Eglon Ekron (Tell Miqne) Elat (Tell el-Kheleifeh Emmaus En-Dor (Tell Qedesh) Engedi, Hazazon-tamar Eshtaol (Kh.Shubeib) Eshtemoa Etam Solomon'spools and aqueduct Ezion Geber Gadara Gath, ... Ophrah (et-Taiyibeh) Penuel, Pella (Khirbet Fahil) Petra, Sela, Joktheel Phasaelis (Kh. Fasayil) Pirathon (Farata) Ptolemais (Acco) Qum'ran Qurayyah: Midianite Pottery kiln 1400-1200 BC. Midianite pottery has been found at Al Bad, Timna, Elat and Jezirat Faraun. Raamses (Tanis) Rabbah: Captial of ... ... https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Migdal, Taracheae 50 BC ... Heart-shaped columns are also found at Gamla, Capernaum, Korizim, Araj, Gush Halav, Meiron, Arbel, Bar'am, H. 'Ammudum, Wadi Haman 2. "Migdal: A small building was uncovered in Migdal (Magdala) (Fig. II-11), situated on the western shore of the Kinnereth (Sea of Galilee), and is dated to the first century CE. This structure ... The walls in the interior have been excavated to a maximum depth, while outside due to the presence of the spring waters were dug partially; exception of the east wall that has been excavated to a depth of the floor. The masonry technique is very accurate: the walls are formed by two of basalt stone facings cut in a chisel tip. The stones are ... In order to check the existence of the original floor and the first and second step of the boundary bank we had to cut across the length (east-west) by 135 cm. the width of the raised floor late. (See. Fig. 9). The colonnaded building that existed on the three sides of the south, the east and the west, we found in the site ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Migdal-Taracheae-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-heart-shaped-columns-Roman-springhouse-ceramic-tile-roof-50bc.htm

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First campaign of Thutmoses III in the Battle of Megiddo: year ... Tharu/Tjaru/Tharo [Ṯʾ-rw] has been misidentified as being located at Tel Habuwa (also Tell Habua). While this site has uncovered evidence of the Hyksos, Thutmoses III and Seti I, including tombs, administration buildings and food storage facilities, it has no prison. Tharu was a prison camp on the border of Egypt and the facilities excavated at Tel Habuwa are not compatible with a prison city. Tel Habuwa was an important location which would not be located so close to the border for fear of attack. The River of Egypt (Wadi el-Arish) was the Biblical border between Judah and Egypt Read detailed outline Click ... They measured this city, surrounding it with an inclosure, walled about with green timber of all their pleasant trees. His majesty himself was upon the fortification east of this city, inspecting. It was walled about with its thick wall. Its name was made: "Menkheperre Tuthmosis III-is-the-Surrounder-of-the-Asiatics." People were stationed to watch over the tent of his majesty; ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-wadi-el-arish-tharu-egyptian-account-of-the-battle-of-megiddo-1482bc.htm

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Master Index of Places Master Index of Places Alphabetic listing of panoramas in Israel: Ai of Abraham, Et Tel Ai of Joshua, Khirbet el Maqatir Ararat, Urartu Ashkelon Azekah Beersheba Beth Guvrin, Betogabris Beth Shean Beth Shemesh Bethsaida Dor Elah Fortress, Khirbet Qeiyafa Gath, Tel Safi Gibeah of Saul, Benjamin Gibeon Herodion Jarmuth Jericho of Jesus Jericho of Joshua Jesus Boat, Galilee Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD ... Kadesh Barnea at Petra History of the search for Kadesh Kadesh to Jordan: Mt. Hor Solomon's network of military border fortresses: For overview: read the introduction Ein Qudeirat Ein Qedeis Ein Quseima Loz Ponds Kuntillet Ajrud Elat Tell el-kheleifeh Jezirat Faraun Khirbat en-Nahas Haseva Ein Muweileh Pottery of the Bible: Midianite Pottery: The fine china Negev Pottery: Disposable dishware Cypriot pottery: Expensive imports Temple of Jupiter photo gallery Click to View The Kingdom of Solomon: Introduction ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-index.htm

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Early Village Life At Beidha: Neolithic, Brian Byrd, 2005 AD millennium BC); a PPNB village (primarily during the 7th millennium BC); and, ultimately, terraced Nabatean agricultural fields (during the 1st millennium AD). (All dates in this report are in uncalibrated radiocarbon years before 1950.) A considerable hiatus separates each of these occupations (Fig. 34). ... The erosion that created this stranded alluvial terrace formed a natural southern boundary for the PPNB village. An impressive Neolithic retaining wall, with steps leading into the village, lies along this edge of the site (Figs 31-32). Its function was, no doubt, primarily to retard continued erosion, and it appears to have been constructed during the initial phase of ... Nearby excavated sites such as Ba'ja, Basta, and Ayn el-Jammam do not appear to have been contemporaneous as they were occupied primarily during the Late PPNB (Gebel et al. 1997; Nissen et al. 1991; Waheeb and Fino 1997). CHAPTER 8 Conclusion A new style of architecture began in phase C and was used ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha-early-village-life-at-beidha-neolithic-brian-byrd.htm

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Dictionary of ancient pottery of the Bible ... Lips are described in term of their lip profile (see Lip profile). Lip profile. The lip profile may be flattened, rounded, squared, thickened, or thinned (aka: beveled or peaked). See table 1 and fig. 3. Lug. A lug is a clay element fixed to a vessel for decorative and/or functional purposes. It may function as a means of ... Coilmade is the process of building the vessel walls utilizing a series of clay rings (coils) one on top of the next. The coils may then be smoothed or left to form ribs on the interior or exterior (or both) of the vessel wall. Handmade pottery was made by hand. Moldmade is the process by which certain vessels were produced with the aid of ... Munsell notation can be used to designate any color in the spectrum. Archaeologists and ceramicists, however, use a limited range of Munsell terminology-about one fifth of the total possible combinations-to describe colors of excavated soil layers and ceramics. This range extends from red, reddish- yellow ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-pottery-glossary-dictionary-encyclopedia.htm

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The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ... ... It is important to look at all the evidence and make sure a proposed site meets all the known identification criteria. These archeologists have not discussed the many literary sources that associate Tharo/Tharu with Arish and Rhinocorura. Tel Habuwa is an important archaeological site from the time of Moses but nothing has been excavated and documented that specifically identifies it as Tharu. 1463 BC: Thutmoses III and the Battle of Megiddo: This account of the Thutmoses III's Battle of Megiddo Thutmoses III's full name was "Menkheperre ... W. J. Murnane, , E. S. Meltz, p235, 1995 AD) 5. c. 1300 BC: Relief of Menmaatre Seti I: Fortress at Tharu (Greek- sile) is on Egyptian border a. Menmaatre Seti I was the father of Ramesses I. b. This information comes from a pictographic relief scene: "This scene gives Seti's return from a campaign, but the text states the reasons for his activity. The restlessness in Palestine was an aftermath of the disturbances in the Amarna period. ... Somewhere ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Modein (Hurvat Umm el-Umdan ... ... The plan of the synagogue structure is similar to those of Second Temple period synagogues, such as those discovered at Masada, Herodium, and Gamla The ritual bath: a structure whose plan consists of a number of rooms and storerooms was excavated to ... The entrance to the hall was apparently fixed in the center of the western wall. A narrow, L-shaped corridor leading to the opening was built around the southern and western sides of the hall. Six Seleucid coins dating to the reigns of Antiochus III and Antiochus IV (IAA 92217, 92223-92225, 92237, 92248) and fragments of pottery vessels ascribed to this period were discovered on the floors of the hall and of the courtyard and in the alley to their south; these finds provide a date for the hall's ... It seems that the rock-cut step marks the original entrance from the courtyard of the Early Hellenistic building to the peripheral corridor (Fig. 4: Sections 4-4, 5-5). In the Hasmonean period, a wall was built over the opening and blocked it (W289; ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Modein-Hurvat-Umm-el-Umdan-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-mikveh-ark-of-scrolls-niche-bema-table-colour-fresco-132bc.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... ... Palmer's day archaeologists have learned a great deal about pottery dating. After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new date identified the site as the southernmost outpost of the Judean kingdom, and it became a prime candidate for excavation. A few years later I led the archaeological expedition to Kuntillet Ajrud on behalf of Tel Aviv University (Institutes of Archaeology, and of Nature Conservation Research); the Israel Department of Antiquity; the Department for Holy-Land Studies in the Kibbutz Movement, and the Israel Exploration Society. ... in the Wadi Quraiya—were placed between the stone courses, some lengthwise and others crosswise, forming an intermediate course which acted as a binder for the wall. Incorporating tree branches in construction is well-known from various countries and was used over long periods. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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Orientation of Early Synagogues Did Not Point to Jerusalem Or ... It is likely, however, that this orientation was purely accidental; its location in the town would hardly admit of any other arrangement since the contours shaped its orientation, it was bounded by a street on the south, the casemate wall on the east, an embankment and a street on the north. In Masada, the wall opposite the door came ... Herodium offered its renovators little opportunity for choice in the location of the synagogue or its orientation. Once it was decided to squeeze it into the existing spaces available in the fortress complex, the triclinium offered the best possibility. The orientation of all rooms is north-south or east-west; the orientation of ... 'En Nashut, and Umm el-Qanatir (Figs. 111-31, III-57a-c), whereas the Jerusalem-oriented wall of the Judean broadhouse synagogues of Eshtemo`a and Susiya faced north and their entrances were on the east wall (Fig. III-60a, b). Most of the sixth-century CE synagogue buildings have their apses on the Jerusalem-oriented wall. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Orientation-Point-to-Jerusalem-face-East-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-adopted-similarities-into-church.htm

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Ark of the Scrolls Niche, Torah Shrine: Prototype of the Church ... ... is formed by one or two platforms [bema] (usu-ally an aedicula) added to the interior of the southern Jerusalem-oriented wall between the façade entrances: at Capernaum, Korazim, Meroth, and Nabratein there are two aediculae; Gush Halav, Hamam, Kfar Misr 1, Meiron, Sepphoris, and H. Shem`a each have one. ... "The Torah Shrine Structure: In most synagogue excavations in the Land of Israel and in the Diaspora, an important fact has emerged: that nearly every excavated synagogue yields fragments, traces, or the actual site of the Torah Shrine, even those dated as early as the end of the second century CE. The Torah shrine structure in ancient synagogues, both in the Land of ... Over this stone base stood the actual aedicula structure, which usually consisted of a stone façade with two to four small columns surmounted by a decorated lintel (Fig. IV-26). " (Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research, Rachel Hachlili, p168, 2013 AD) 5. The location of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ark-of-the-Scrolls-Torah-Shrine-Niches-Prototype-Apse-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-church.htm

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Security of Bulla and Seals Judah Israel. Creation of ancient ... Generally, the bullae are of a fine, levigated clay." (Hebrew Bullae from the time of Jeremiah: Remnants of a burnt archive, Nahman Avigad, p14, 1986 AD) c. "The assemblage [255 bulla, 1975 AD] clearly originates from the site of a conflagration. Though this fire destroyed the papyrus documents which had been sealed ... We need to thank Nebuchadnezzar for burning Jerusalem, because the fire turned the simple dried clay into hard fired "pottery". Otherwise the clay, when buried, simple disintegrates. d. In rare cases, unfired clay bulla have been excavated in dry caves stored inside pottery jars. A seven sealed document along with 128 Bulla dating to 333 BC were ... Inscription on wood: "Ahmose I". 18th Dynasty, 1557-1532 BC (Ahmoses I expelled Hyksos) 1. An Egyptian scribe registering Nubian tribute including ostrich eggs and feathers, a monkey, gold, and ebony. Wall painting tomb of Rekhamire at Thebes: 1475-1448 BC 2. Egyptian Scribe's palette 1000 B.C. Thebes 3. Egyptian scribe ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-bulla-seals-security-creation-manufacture-of-ancient-legal-documents-sealed-papyrus-paper-rolled-folded-tied-string-knots-rosa-Terra-Rossa-clay-soil-israel-judah.htm

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