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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... It began to grow in the Hellenistic period, and eventually, i.e., in the second century B.C.E., reached a size of 800 × 500 m, becoming the main city of the Samaritans. It is now certain that the first phase of the sacred precinct dates to the Persian period, and not to the time of Alexander the Great, as Josephus asserted, and many later authors repeated. In the Persian period the temple precinct was about 96 × 98 m in size and was built of local field stones. Adjacent to a large chamber gate (with six or eight chambers) in the northern wall, a sizable (11 × 12 m) building was uncovered; therein excavators found a large number of burned bones, together with a great amount of ashes. Even though later constructions in the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods destroyed much of the Persian period structure, it seems that with its three chamber gates in the north, east, and south, it resembled the temple built by the returnees from Babylon who probably modeled their temple on the plan ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Ostia, Seaport of Rome, Italy ... ... While building K was not integral to the architecture of the synagogue, it is reasonable to assume some sort of social connection; perhaps this was a dwelling place for officials of the synagogue (cf. Nos. 177, 178). If so, it is possible that Plotius Fortunatus, the archisynagogos (No. 177), lived here for a period of ... The entry area was redesigned so that three portals opened off the Vestibule (A) into areas B and C, which conducted worshipers into the main hall down a kind of nave and two side aisles. A second major change occurred in the orientation of the Main Hall (D) when an aedicula was built against the south wall as a Torah Shrine. In this change the ... Some of these later decorations included menorah reliefs on architectural elements of the Torah Shrine. The building was abandoned at some point in the fifth century C.E. The synagogue inscription from Ostia was found in re-use as a repair tile in the last stages of the building. It was originally cut into the tile near the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ostia-Port-Rome-Italy-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-Mazzot-oven-unleavened-bread-ark-of-scrolls-bema-Mikveh-50ad.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... It began to grow in the Hellenistic period, and eventually, i.e., in the second century B.C.E., reached a size of 800 × 500 m, becoming the main city of the Samaritans. It is now certain that the first phase of the sacred precinct dates to the Persian period, and not to the time of Alexander the Great, as Josephus asserted, and many later authors repeated. In the Persian period the temple precinct was about 96 × 98 m in size and was built of local field stones. Adjacent to a large chamber gate (with six or eight chambers) in the northern wall, a sizable (11 × 12 m) building was uncovered; therein excavators found a large number of burned bones, together with a great amount of ashes. Even though later constructions in the Hellenistic and Byzantine periods destroyed much of the Persian period structure, it seems that with its three chamber gates in the north, east, and south, it resembled the temple built by the returnees from Babylon who probably modeled their temple on the plan ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Magdala, Taricheae 50 BC ... This stone table for setting the Septuagint on was found in situ. 6. "Migdal I: In the north-west part of the Migdal site, a structure identified as a synagogue of the Second Temple period (50 BCE-100 CE) was recently discovered (excavated by Dina Avshalom-Gorni and Arfan Najjar of the IAA in summer 2009; Avshalom-Gorni and Najjar 2009). The structure consists of a complex building with a temenos, an entranceway, which served as a learning room and leads into an almost square hall, with the main entrance on the west. The main hall (the excavators termed it a 'grand reading hall') inner structure (about 120 m) has stone benches built along the walls. Two columns are revealed at each end of the west wall. The south and north walls are slightly longer than the other two (Fig. 11-8). The floor was covered by an unfinished mosaic pavement, and the walls and columns were painted with coloured frescos. A square decorated stone was found in the center of the reading hall, on a floor of pebbles ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Magdala-Taracheae-Migdal-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-Mary-Magdelene-heart-table-4-freestanding-columns-50bc.htm

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Ark of the Scrolls Niche, Torah Shrine: Prototype of the Church ... Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues Inside the Ark of the covenant was a copy of the Ten Commandments. ... 2013 AD) 4. A niche or raised bema platform was often built into the architecture of a synagogue to house a wooden Ark of the scrolls cabinet. a. "Genizah: In several synagogues, an unusual feature has been observed in the Torah Shrine area. Spaces or depressions (cavities) behind the Torah Shrine have been found in the bases of aediculae, niches, or apses, evidently indicating the presence of a geniza. This space served as a community chest for fragments of scrolls, or as a cabinet for storage of various objects. In the Galilean synagogue of Gush Halav I, a rectangular depression (0.50 m x 0.75 m) was found in the early base, close to the southern wall (Meyers et al. 1979:42); a similar one was found at Nabratein (Meyers et al. 1981a:242). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ark-of-the-Scrolls-Torah-Shrine-Niches-Prototype-Apse-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-church.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: New Testament Jericho 75 BC ... The synagogue hall contained 12 pillars - five on the north and south, and an additional pillar at the center of the eastern and western sides. The nave's floor was found to consist of beaten earth; however, in theory it could originally have been covered by plaster or other material that was later removed. The pillars measured ca. 90X80 ... These two benches might have been removed during the lifetime of the synagogue, or alternatively, during looting of stones in the Herodian period. A single bench probably also existed along the hall's western wall prior to the addition of the triclinium, as indicated by a ca. 50-cm-wide strip of repair in the floor. The main and only entrance into the synagogue hall was from the courtyard in the eastern part of the building. The floors of the nave and the courtyard were at the same height and, therefore, a few steps were required in order to ascend from the courtyard to the aisles and then descend to the nave. Two steps built of hewn stones were laid ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jericho-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-bema-ark-of-scrolls-niche-mikveh-oven-samaritan-Bartimaeus-Zaccheus-75bc.htm

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Tobiah the Ammonite: Temple and Palace in Jordan: 5445 BC Do not confuse this archeological site with the Tobias (200 BC), the grandfather of Hyrcanus: 2 Macc 3:11. This man was a prominent and wealthy Jew of the Maccabean period, not an Ammonite. 2. Tobiah was one two central figures who, mocked, harassed, ... Opposition to the rebuilding of the temple. b. Joining in worshipping and running the temple. c. When he was thrown out of the temple, he crossed the Jordan and built his own temple and palace at A. What the Bible says about Tobiah: "the sons of ... Nehemiah 2:19 "Now Tobiah the Ammonite was near him and he said, "Even what they are building—if a fox should jump on it, he would break their stone wall down!"" Nehemiah 4:3 "Now when Sanballat, Tobiah, the Arabs, the Ammonites and the Ashdodites ... Tobiah's royal palace was built about 2 kms away up in the side of a rock cliff. It was a massive structure and twice an inscription can be found on the palace walls that identify it as "Tobiah". Here is the first "Tobiah" inscription right of the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tobiah-temple-palace.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... ... It should be consulted for several relevant readings.]" (The Orthography of the Arad Ostraca, H. Van Dyke Parunak BASOR 230: 25-31, 1978 AD) II. Ostraca from different occupation periods: Arad is a city with a long period of occupation and as such we should not be surprised to find ... Thus the living quarters located here were truncated and their southern portions became small casemate rooms. In one of these rooms. near the eastern corner (Locus 779), the seals of Eliashib were found. Stratum VI (end of the seventh, beginning of the sixth century B.C.E.) This is the last Israelite citadel: it existed for only about ten years. The fortress was encircled by a new casemate wall which had towers projecting at the corners and in the middle of each side, similar to the fortresses of Kadesh-Barnea [Ein Qudeirat] and Hot-vat Uzza.'2 Along the western side and in the northwest corner. a completely new wall was built, whereas the rest of the wall was rebuilt along the lines of the old wall. In the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad-Ezer II: 845 BC ... The stela, slightly more than a meter in height, is carved with a relief representation of the god Melqart, surmounting a four-line Aramaic inscription (one letter on a fifth), which identifies the donor of the monument as a certain Bir-Hadad. It was found, out of its original context, incorporated into the remains of some Roman Period walls at Bureij. Since there is no evidence of Iron Age occupation around Bureij, the stone was probably brought in from someplace nearby during the Roman period, when the settlement there was built. It is possible that the original location of the stela was Aleppo. Although the inscription is short ... And on the seventh day the battle was joined, and the sons of Israel killed of the Arameans 100,000 foot soldiers in one day. But the rest fled to Aphek into the city, and the wall fell on 27,000 men who were left. And Ben-hadad fled and came into the city into an inner chamber. His servants said to him, "Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Ben-Hadad-II-Melqart-Stele-Bir-Ezer-Damascene-king-Aram-1939AD-Breij-Aleppo-1Kings20-2Ki5-845BC.htm

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Wadi Daliyeh (Cave of Abu Shinjeh) Sanballat seal and Bulla, ... It is one of the most important sites in Israel to archeologically document the Persian period of Judea up to the advent of Alexander the Great in 333 BC. 3. Sanballat II, the son/grandson of the biblical Sanballat (445 BC) who classed with Nehemiah is named on a bulla and in one of the Aramaic documents discovered in the cave. 4. Sanballat I lived at the same time as Tobiah who built a palace seen today at modern Qasr al Abd in Jordan. 5. Sanballat I also is named in the Elephantine Papyri: a. ... Are you rebelling against the king?"" (Nehemiah 2:19) 3. "Now it came about that when Sanballat heard that we were rebuilding the wall, he became furious and very angry and mocked the Jews." (Nehemiah 4:1) 4. "Now when Sanballat, Tobiah, the Arabs, ... Similar legal documents were found recently at Wadi Daliyeh, east of Samaria; they belonged to the Samaritan governor's family, who had fled from the Macedonian conqueror but were intercepted and died in a cave at Wadi Daliyeh. The earliest document ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-manuscripts-bulla-Wadi-Daliyeh-cave-Abu-Shinjeh-Persian-Aramaic-papyrus-letters-legal-documents-clay-seal-string-endorsed-sealed-Sanballat-408BC.htm

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The Temple in Jerusalem over the threshing floor which is presently ... ... recognizable on a large stone built upside down into the south wall of the Haram near the Double Gate. According to Eusebius (Vita Const. iii. 26) and Jerome (Epit. xlix.), Hadrian also built a Temple of Venus on the site of the present Church of the Holy Sepulchre; but of this no remains have been recognised. A coin of Antoninus Pius represents such a temple as existing in Jerusalem. Among the other public buildings of this period were two markets, a theatre, a mint, a tricameron, a tetranymphon, and a dodekapylon ('Paschal Chronicle'), but none of these have been recognised. It is, however, supposed on architectural grounds that the so-called Ecce Homo arch was a triumphal entry (similar to that at Jerash, beyond jordan) erected by Hadrian, or by one of his immediate successors, in the second century A.D. The attempt of the Emperor Julian to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple in the fourth century failed entirely; in 333 A.D. the enclosure was found still in ruins by the Bordeaux Pilgrim. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Herodium 66 AD Introduction: 1. Defeat of Jewish Rebels a. In 66 AD the zealots captures Herodium and converted the triclinium (dining hall) into a synagogue. b. The rebels built make shift structures which were dismantled during the excavations. c. They ... Well, in the place that had been a grand banquet hall in the Herodium, they converted it into a synagogue. Here's what they did. They of course, fashioned bench seating along the wall, along the walls in a rectangular pattern, and they placed ... If there was this well-known typology, this sense of how a synagogue ought to look-just as many Christians no doubt today would say "This is what a church is supposed to look like"-this argues that the synagogue buildings that we have found (this one ... Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Herodium-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-bema-mikveh-mikvaot-free-standing-columns-open-air-first-jewish-revolt-66ad.htm

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Introduction: Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature ... ... Variations in size and shape of meeting hall. From almost square (Magdala) to rectangular (Capernaum). From small (Migdal and Magdala) to large (Sardi, Alexandria, Capernaum). The Great second temple period basilica synagogue at Alexandria was so large that it was reported to be able to contain TWICE the exodus route ... The Delos synagogue had formerly been a private home near the sea, and at Gamla the synagogue was located in the one large public building of the city (at least of those heretofore excavated) near the city wall. c. A synagogues was built into a Herodian complex where a the dining area (triclinium) of the king's palace atop the mountain was modified ... Many of the specific design elements of the synagogue can be traced back to the Old Testament. b. The Mikveh for full immersion is not found anywhere in Moasic Judaism but a unique innovation. However, it likely traces back to the Tabernacle and Temple brass wash laver. c. The benches lining outside walls with columns ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Architectural-Introduction-master-Summary-chart-ancient-synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-prototype-spiritualized-similarities-into-church.htm

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Nebuchadnezzar: Prideful king who went mad. Mental illness in ... ... I have enabled all the lands to live in peace." 37. Every day I increased by [... ge]ese, two ducks and ten pigeons the [former offerings] of geese, ducks and pigeons. 38. I strove to strengthen the defences of the wall Imgur-Enlil, the great wall of Babylon, 39. and [I completed] the quay of baked brick on the bank of the moat which an earlier king had bu[ilt but not com]pleted its work. 40. [I ...... which did not surround the city] outside, which no earlier king had built, his workforce, the levee [from his land, in/int]o Shuanna. 41. [... ......with bitum]en and baked brick I built anew, and ... Notice that the kings pride caused him to treat those below him (the poor) without the very mercy he had the power to supply them. Caring for the poor "far below him" would be the proof of his new found humility! 8. v28 Now Daniel takes over the narrative from Nebuchadnezzar. 9. v29 "one year later" shows the longsuffering of God ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-mental-illness-bible-nebuchadnezzar-god-struck-insanity-sin-pride.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Capernaum 30 AD ... (notice He had "built our synagogue" and the Jews interceded) 4. Inside Synagogue: Jesus is Manna that came out of heaven: John 6:24-71 5. Paralytic healed at Jesus' house: Mk 2:1-13 6. Call of Matthew, dinner in Matthew's house: 2:14-22 7. Disciples discuss who is the greatest: Mark 9:33 8. Jesus walks on water and "beam me up Scotty" ends up on the shore of Capernaum: John 6:17 9. Peter's mother-in-law healed in his house: Matt 8:14-16: Mark 1:29-34; Luke 4:38-41 D. Excavation details: 1. "The excavations date this early synagogue (I) to the first century CE, based on the pottery found under and in the cobbled basalt pavement. Thus, the excavations prove that the synagogue (II) of the fourth-fifth centuries CE at Capernaum was erected above an earlier first-century basalt synagogue, somewhat similar in plan to both the later Capernaum synagogue and the other Second Temple period synagogues. Corbo (1982:Photos 1, 2, 5, 8, 10) maintains that the basalt wall belonged to the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Capernaum-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-basalt-foundation-peters-house-paralytic-manna-demon-healed-30ad.htm

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Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Church and Christians: 1 Tim ... While the total number of columns was more than four, the special heart shape for the pillars in the corners had symbolic value and were required to conform with "what a synagogue was supposed to look like architecturally." 2. There are three first temple period synagogues that had "Four Freestanding decorative/... The U-shaped form of the upper story was dictated by the rows of columns, found on all sides of the hall except for the wall containing the entrances; the gal-ley was constructed as an open gallery above the nave, and would have left the center of the main hall unobstructed. Finds of architectural fragments, as well as smaller columns and capitals which ... Some believe the Jerusalem Temple of Herod was the inspiration for synagogue columns. But this is unlikely because Herod's temple was built in 18 BC and Magdala was build no later than 50 BC. Josephus mentions that the court of the women near the Jerusalem temple had pillars and it is likely that this is also true ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Columns-Pillars-Freestanding-Antitype-Christians-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-incorporated-spiritualized-similarities-church.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ ... Although no synagogues are clearly attested during the period of Ezra and Nehemiah (late fifth and early fourth centuries bce), the tradition traces the practice of translating Scripture from Hebrew into Aramaic during a public reading to Ezra's reading of the Torah to the people of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 8; b. B. Qam. 82a; Ber. 33a; Meg. 17b). According to Neh 8:7*, the Levites helped the people to understand the Torah by interpreting or giving meaning to the words." (Zephaniah, M. A. Sweeney, p30, Targum Zephaniah 2003 AD) "Of the other synagogue inscriptions found in Egypt, no. 1440 from Schedia (modern Kafr el-Dawar), not far from Alexandria, records the dedication of a proseuche built by "the ... At elephantine they had no security issues and could immediately commence building the temple. The Jewish Elephantine temple was a simple "tabernacle of Moses" architectural design that would require a perimeter wall and a few interior walls. Such a simple structure could be built quickly. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Cana 40 BC ... "Simon Peter, and Thomas called Didymus, and Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, and the sons of Zebedee, and two others of His disciples were together." (John 21:2) b. "Philip found Nathanael and said to him, "We have found Him of whom Moses in the Law and also the Prophets wrote-Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph." ... E. Excavation details: 1. Excavation report: "Excavation of an elite house on the hilltop has been crucial to understanding the occupation sequence (Plates 19, 20). The house was used over a long period, and while it is not yet clear when it was first built, much of the structure was early Roman. Several stages are visible in walls and floors, especially in the main ... Trapezoidal walls (about 45x75 m) initially were interpreted as a monastic complex covering the whole hilltop, including the elite house. In fact, the hilltop walls were defensive walls from the Persian invasion or Muslim conquest (614 or 634 C.E.). Another part of the wall in the southwest, however, was early ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cana-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-khirbet-qana-John2-miracle-water-wine-stoneware-pot-pillar-mikveh-30bc.htm

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Julius Africanus Sextus: 221 AD. Creation in 5500 AD. 70 weeks ... ... And when the water abated, the ark settled on the mountains of Ararat, which we know to be in Parthia; but some say that they are at Celænæ6 of Phrygia, and I have seen both places. And the flood prevailed for a year, and then the earth became dry. And they came out of the ark in pairs, as may be found, and not in the manner ... wall were built, as had been prophesied. And reckoning from that point, we make up seventy weeks to the time of Christ. For if we begin to reckon from any other point, and not from this, the periods will not correspond, and very many odd results will meet us. For if we begin the calculation of the seventy weeks from Cyrus and the first restoration, there will be upwards of one hundred years too many, and there will be a larger number if we begin from the day on which the angel gave the prophecy to Daniel, and a much larger number still if we begin from the commencement of the captivity. For we find the sovereignty of the Persians comprising a period of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Julius-Africanus-Sextus-Chronology-Genesis5-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-creation-5500BC-age-earth-Daniel9-70-weeks-221AD.htm

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Coins of the Maccabean Hasmonean Era 166-37 BC. Messianic Star ... ... Herod executes Hycranus II after inviting him to Jerusalem: 30 BC Judah under Roman control when Herod kills last Hasmonean: Hycranus II: 30 BC III. Josephus and literary sources for the Hasmonean, Maccabean period of Jewish independence: Initial ... This proposal pleased them, and some of the people eagerly went to the king, who authorized them to observe the ordinances of the Gentiles. So they built a gymnasium in Jerusalem, according to Gentile custom, and removed the marks of circumcision, ... He took the silver and the gold, and the costly vessels; he took also the hidden treasures that he found. Taking them all, he went into his own land. He shed much blood, and spoke with great arrogance. Israel mourned deeply in every community, rulers ... They took captive the women and children, and seized the livestock. Then they fortified the city of David with a great strong wall and strong towers, and it became their citadel. They stationed there a sinful people, men who were renegades. These ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Maccabean-Hasmonean-166-37BC.htm

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1001 BC: Papyrus Moscow 127: Wermai's Odyssey & Tragic Tale of ... ... H. Charles, Volume 2, p 83, 1913 AD) 2. "The book of Esther is unique within the Hebrew Bible, but an analogy, mutatis mutandis, is to be found, emanating from the same general period from another diaspora community. The Letter of Aristeas was written by an Alexandrian Jew in order to enhance the prestige of the Septuagint. ... was independent] our forefathers built that temple in the Elephantine fortress and when Cambyses [the Persian ruler who conquered Egypt in 525 B.C.E.] entered Egypt, he found that temple built." But the Jews needed more than permission from the Egyptian ruler to build a temple. According to Israelite tradition, foreign soil was impure soil. ... information from the public records, and I have set forth the facts in proper order since I know how eager you are to obtain useful information. 301 Three days later Demetrius took the men and passing along the sea-wall, seven stadia long, to the island, crossed the bridge and made for the northern districts of Pharos. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Zedekiah-letter-of-Aristeas-to-Philocrates-Pseudepigrapha-Psammetichus-Septuagint-LXX-Psamtik-II-Expedition-Nubia-Egypt-troops-Ezek17-15-593BC.htm

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Bedlam: The most famous mental hospital in history. 1677 - 1815 ... It changed into a hospital in 1330 AD and admitted its first mental patients in 1357 AD. In 1677 AD, a large hospital was built (pictured above) and this became the infamous "Bedlam"! Bedlam was like what Jesus called a Whitewashed wall. It looked ... Patients had actually been forbidden to walk in the front yard and gardens of new Bethlem, as apparently was originally intended, simply because its front wall would have had to be built so high (to prevent escape) that the view of the hospital ... at the "Bedlam mad house" under the direction of John Monro between 1752-1791 AD. "The almost four decades during which Monro presided as physician at the Bethlem and Bridewell Hospitals, 1752-91, constituted a momentous period in Bethlem's history. ... Eventually, however, the rising tide of complaints of corruption, cruelty, and malfeasance in the mad-trade provoked some feeble and flickering interest in parliament, and both Monro and Battie found themselves called upon to testify in the brief ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/psychiatry-history-bedlam-bethlem-bethlehem.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Ostia, Seaport of Rome, Italy ... A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "For the health of the emperor. Mindius Faustus with his household constructed [the synagogue] and built and produced from his own gifts1, and he dedicated the ark for the sacred Law" 2. Glyptic ... The original gift apparently needed to be replaced a century later, since the initial donor's name was scratched out and "Mindi(u)s Faustus" inscribed over it in letter-forms dating to that period. The construction of an aedicula in the ... (nos. 20-22 in Kroll, "The Greek Inscriptions")." (The Ancient Synagogue from its Origins to 200 AD, Anders Runesson, p223, 2008 AD) 3. "The synagogue inscription from Ostia was found in re-use as a repair tile in the last stages of the building. ... ARK FOR THE SACRED LAW. The additional "I" in the name Mindius was suggested from the find of the name "Mindius" in other inscriptions in the environs of Ostia. This is a large plaque, about 29 × 54.5 cm., presumably originally installed in a wall. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ostia-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-dedicated-Ark-of-Scrolls-Torah-Shrine-Septuagint-doma-gift-200AD.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol ... ... hand-made pottery which he dated to the 10th century; the fortress itself with pottery from a very long time-span — the 9th to the 7th centuries; and a post-fortress period of scattered Persian remains.6 Cohen was curious about a number of things. ... Perhaps there was more to the history of the place than had been realized. Dothan had thought that the casemate walls of the fortress had been built almost on the wadi floor, with a huge glacis having been constructed to increase the fort's ... Finally, Dothan's work had left unresolved the matter of the location of the gate or entrance to the fortress. Cohen's expedition would also address itself to that problem. Fig. 2. Silo found outside the fortress walls at the southeast corner. 1976 Excavations The 1976 excavations at Kadesh Barnea were carried out along the eastern end of the tell, where fifteen squares (5m. x 5m.) were laid out from north to south. This area of excavation would include part of the casemate wall of the fortress, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-judahs-last-outpost-carol-meyers-1976ad.htm

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Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... ... The kings of Lagash marked their border with border stones, which Umma destroyed whenever possible. These stones, especially if early in date, are mentioned as another justification of ownership. During a certain period, there existed a sort of ... None of the above-mentioned cases are later than Iron Age Judah (there are, of course, many later examples, including bor-ders defined structurally by defenses, e.g., Hadrian's wall in Britain or the Great Wall in China; for a Sassanian border wall ... On the other hand, the pluralistic concept recognized the existence of neighboring political entities, which had rights; and this recognition resulted in a state of equilib-rium expressed by accepted borders. Both ideologies can be found together, ... Lachish was ruined and never regained its former position, while Ekron sud-denly became a very large and prosperous city, and a major industrial center—no doubt at the expense of the Judaean Shephelah. The political border thatseparated Ekron and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm

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Naiothic Text (SNT): Samuel, Naioth, Ramah 1050 BC Below is an example of how the 10 Commandments would look in Hieroglyphic Hebrew script: II. Samuel wrote Joshua: 1. Content of Joshua dates to a much later period after Joshua died in 1356 BC: a. "To this day" references indicate a period long after ... If Samuel wrote Joshua, it was the first Bible book written in Paleo-Hebrew. Perhaps also, Samuel added the "to this day" statements found three times in the text. c. Joshua wrote Joshua (in Hieroglyphic-Hebrew), Samuel still translated it into Paleo-Hebrew. III. Ramah: Samuel's ancestral home town 1. Ramah is identified as El Ram: a. It was excavated as a result of the modern Israeli security wall that separates and protects Israel from the Arabs who occupy Israeli land. b. It is situated on a ... Ramah was the home town of Hannah and Elkanah where Samuel was born: 1 Samuel 1:19 e. Samuel judged Israel from Ramah and built an altar there: 1 Samuel 7:17 f. Israel assembled at Ramah to demand Samuel give them a king: 1 Samuel 8:4 g. In 1018 BC, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Naiothic-Text-Samuels-SNT-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Hieroglyphic-Paleo-Hebrew-prophets-school-Ramah-1050BC.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... III. Period of Oppression of Israel in Egypt begins: 1556 BC: 1. Rise and expulsion of the Hyksos a. After 100 years of ruling Egypt, the Hyksos are expelled by the 18th dynasty "Moses" pharaoh's b. First 18th dynasty pharaoh: Ahmoses I: 1557 - 1532 ... The Hyksos were expelled by the 18th dynasty Pharaohs of Egypt who "Knew not Joseph". The Hebrews were stripped of their financial control and became oppressed slaves who built two storage cities of Pithom and Raamses (Ex 1:11). d. Ahmoses I ... of Ahmoses I first military campaigns which began after his 10th regnal year in 1547 BC at age 20. Inscriptions on the wall of a cliff-tomb at El Kab, located 100 km south of Luxor, of a naval officer named Ahmoses (who served under three ... south into Nubia against the Troglodytes and two successive counter attacks that were defeated. Another inscription found in the ancient Egyptian mining town of Tura located 15 km south of Cairo on the east bank of the Nile, indicate the latest ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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796 BC: Omri Stele inscription of Adad-Nirari III (810-783) found ... Jehoash (Joash) king of Israel/Samaria [Omri-land] b. Ben-Hadad-III (Mari) king of Damascus 4. Inscription on Stone Slab found at Calah (Nimrod): 796 BC a. Calah is one of four ancient cities founded by Nimrod (Nimrud) b. "From that land he went forth into Assyria, and built Nineveh and Rehoboth-Ir and Calah, and Resen between Nineveh and Calah; that is the great city." (Genesis 10:11-12) Earliest Assyrian reference to "Edom" in ... century B.C. impression only provides us with a terminus post quem for the site and its pottery, since Umm el-Biyara is essentially a one-period site, the date of the settlement cannot be too much earlier." (Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, Vol. 6, No. 56, p10, 2006 AD) Ben-hadad III ... Three times Joash defeated him and recovered the towns of Israel." (2 Kings 13:22-25) "King Jehoash of Israel captured King Amaziah of Judah son of Jehoash, son of Ahaziah, at Beth-shemesh; he came to Jerusalem, and broke down the wall of Jerusalem from the Ephraim Gate to the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Omri-land-stele-Amurru-Tyre-Sidon-Jehoash-Joash-Israel-Samaria-Edom-Palestine-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Damascus-Calah-Nimrod-796bc.htm

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The Jewish Synagogue Mikveh was the "Christian Maker" Baptistry Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature Typology Synagogue Architecture adopted by the Christian Church Floorplans and Furnishings of Pre-70 AD Second Temple Period synagogues SYNAGOGUE MIKVEH: THE CHRISTIAN MAKER: Mk 16:16; Acts 2:38; 22:16; ... why full immersion baptistries were built directly into all Byzantine churches. 11. The recently excavated pool of Shalom in Jerusalem features an Olympic size mikveh with two different sets of stairs (500 meters long) that connect the temple to the pool. a. Paul probably "purified himself" in the pool of Siloam: "Now after several years I came to bring alms to my nation and to present offerings; in which they found me occupied in the temple, having been purified, without any crowd or uproar. ... Josephus said the pool of Siloam was located at the end "Valley of the Cheesemongers" or the Tyropoeon Valley (Josephus, Wars 5.4.1). He also said it was outside the city wall (Josephus, Wars 5.9.4) at a place where the old wall bent to the east ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Mikvah-Christian-Maker-Baptistry-wash-sins-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-similarities-into-church.htm

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Shalmaneser III: Annals on marble tablets tribute Jehu, house ... ... All the other exs. are mere fragments and the identification of these miscellaneous Bits as exs. of one text is mainly to the credit of Schramm. Ex. 1 is inscribed on a large clay tablet which was found, together with the stone tablet included as A.0.102.10, in the outer wall of Aššur. Most of the other exs. ... At that time the ancient wall of my city, Aššur, of New City, which had been built previously by Puzur-Aššur (III), son of Aššur-nārāri (I), Adad-nārārī (I), son of Arik-dīn-ili, Tukulti-Ninurta (I), son of Shalmaneser (I), (and) Tiglath-pileser (I), (Column IV, line 45) son of Aššur-rēša-iši (I), kings who preceded me: this wall had become dilapidated and I removed its damaged (portions), digging down to its foundation in bedrock. I completely rebuilt it from top to bottom (and) (Column IV, line 50) decorated (it) more splendidly than before. I made it <N> layers of brick high and thirteen bricks wide, using the large brick mould (as standard). I mixed its ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-marble-tablets-tribute-Jehu-house-Omri-Hazael-Ben-Hadad-II-839BC.htm

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The Jerusalem Water Aqueduct from the Solomon's Pools: ... In excavations the Byzantines would rebuild on older sites by scraping everything down to bedrock leaving little or no evidence of the previous occupation level. iii. "The original Lower Aqueduct is dated to the Hasmonean period (mid 2nd - mid 1st c. BC). Thus, ... This gives some idea of the enormous amount of activity that occurred on the Temple Mount at that time.)" (Jerusalem Down Under: Tunneling Along Herod's Temple Mount Wall, Dan Bahat, 21:06, Nov/Dec 1995) b. Amihai Mazar, "The Aqueducts of Jerusalem," in Yigael Yadin, Jerusalem Revealed (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1975), pp. 79-84. 7. Pilate upgraded or built a new aqueduct from the Etam pools 40 km away: a. "But Pilate undertook to bring a current of ... Need we remind them that the whole idea of "living water" at the temple is also not found in the Bible?. 8. There are several places where the end of Solomon's ancient aqueduct pipes can be seen in the temple mount area. The one that is believed to supply the water ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor-aqueduct.htm

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Lovesick, a romantic novel. Commentary on Song of Solomon, Canticles ... ... Two to four years later she had moved home to Shunem where she became a common labourer in the vineyard and developed a relationship with the shepherd. In SONG OF SOLOMON, they found a young virgin old enough for marriage and at the time Solomon had ... While archeologists generally date the letters to the late temple period (Hezekiah etc.) there is no reason why this cannot be the original tomb Solomon may have prepared for her, in addition to her house, which was a partial replica of his own. Perhaps the inscription was etched into the tomb hundreds of years after it was built by a later king. It is very likely that this is the site of where Solomon built the tomb of Pharaoh's daughter. i. "Then Solomon formed a marriage alliance with Pharaoh king of Egypt, and took Pharaoh's daughter and brought her to the city of David until he had finished building his own house and the house of the Lord and the wall around Jerusalem. The people were still sacrificing on the high places, because there ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-song-of-solomon-song-canticles-abishag-shepherd-boy-love-triangle-960bc.htm

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The Amarna Letters and tablets 1406 - 1340 BC. Conquest of Joshua ... ... The extremes depend on the number of years, if any, one assigns to the co-regencies of Amenophis IV with Amenophis III, and of Smenkhkare with Amenophis IV. The longer the co-regencies, the shorter the period. The archive begins about the thirtieth year of Amenophis III and extends no later than the first year or so of ... The best date range, therefore, for the Amarna Letters is the last years of Amunhotep III and all the reign of Akhenaten. This should not surprise us, since the letters were found in Amarna, a city built after Akhenaten became pharaoh. Many of the letters make clear references to sun worship, which was the monotheism of Akhenaten. Thutmoses III ... His city prospers, his house prospers, his name exists forever. 52-60 You are the Sun who comes forth over me, and a brazen wall set up for him, and because of the powerful arm: nu-uh̄-ti (I am at rest): ba-ṭı̀-i-ti (I am confident). I indeed said to the Sun, the father of the king, my lord, "When shall I see the face ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-amarna-tablets-letters-akhenaten-habiru-abiru-hebrews-1404-1340bc.htm

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Tomb of Jesus with Rolling stone ... In 2500 BC the Egyptians built the great pyramids of Giza as tombs for their kings. b. 2100 BC: At the time of Abraham, burials were in simple caves and sometimes they built large rectangular memorial structures to mark the grave. (Tomb of Rachel) c. ... the burial jar, along with the remains of the interred, whereas in the LB I period placement outside the jar became more common. A hole had been cut into the bottom of the jar to insert the remains of the infant. This type of insertion is somewhat unusual since in the vast majority of infant jar burials the neck and rim were broken off, and insertion was made from the top of the jar. The mostly broken bones of an infant around the age of birth were found scattered around the outside of the jar. ... and brought her to the city of David until he had finished building his own house and the house of the LORD and the wall around Jerusalem." (1 Kings 3:1) b. "Then Solomon brought Pharaoh's daughter up from the city of David to the house which ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tombs-burials-Jewish-rolling-stone-Jesus-Christ-resurrection-3-days-Koch-Loculi-ossuary.htm

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Ancient Synagogues of 1, 2, 3, 4, Maccabees: 125 BC "A priest named Mattathias, father of John Hycranus moved from Jerusalem and settled in Modein who was buried in Modein, his ancestor's city. Simon built seven pyramids [memorials] also for his parents and brethren" (1 Maccabees 2:1; 13:25-30; ... Third Maccabees shows striking similarities with 2 Maccabees and the Letter of Aristeas, both frequently associated with Alexandria: it shares vocabulary and phrases found nowhere else in the Septuagint with each of these books, together with common ... Given these data, a date in the first half of the first century b.c. and a provenance in Alexandria seem most likely. A number of scholars favor a date in the Roman period (Hadas; Tcherikover) mainly on account of the threat of laographia, the ... There is a second Maccabean synagogue at Kiryat Sefer a few km northwest that features the same red plaster fresco on the synagogue columns and wall. e. Likely both Modein and Kiryat Sefer were built and maintained by the Maccabees. The two ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-1st-2nd-3rd-4th-Maccabees-home-Apocryphal-125bc-54ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC These are some of the oldest known Bible text in the world. b. They date to the same period as Qumran. 8. Also found was one of 9 copies of the Songs of Sabbath Sacrifice (Angelic Liturgy) which is a first century songbook widely used in the ... Jannaeus: 103-76 BC] first of all built a fortress, and called it Masada; after which the building of this place employed the care of king Herod to a great degree" (Josephus, Wars of the Jews 7.285) 2. It is most improbable that a HIGH PRIEST would not build a synagogue on the summit of Masada. E. The amazing story the Ancient Bible texts at Masada tell: 1. Can you decipher the message from God to the Rebel Jews who rejected Christ, from the Bible texts found at Masada? a. 90 BC: Genesis ... The earlier building, consisting of a hall and an anteroom on the east (Fig. II-6a), was changed into a building with an entrance on the southeastern wall, comprising an entrance room (10.5 x 3.7 m) and a main hall (10.5 x 8.0 m) divided by five ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Schedia, Egypt 240 BC the city into the countryside for a trip abroad, so that they could not communicate with his forces, nor could they claim the enclosing wall at all." (3 Maccabees 4:11) b. "On passing through the Canobic gate of the city, on the right hand is the canal leading to Canobus, close to the lake. ... ruled Egypt from 246-221 B.C., and his queen Berenice." (Nelson's new illustrated Bible dictionary, Synagogue, origin, 1995 AD) 3. "Of the other synagogue inscriptions found in Egypt, no. 1440 from Schedia (modern Kafr el-Dawar), not far from Alexandria, records the dedication of a proseuche built by "the Jews" in honor of "King Ptolemy (III Euergetes) and Queen Berenice his sister and wife and their children." ... Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schedia-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIII-Queen-Berenice-proseuche-house-prayer-dedicated-240bc.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... Thus we have in the New Testament counterpart: period number one, the era of perfection; period number two, the era of departure; period number three, the era of apostasy, the Dark Ages. As Babylon was the midnight of Hebrew history, in the seventy years in Babylon, the Dark ... But they were marked, according to Rom. 16:17, as dividers and offenders contrary to the doc-trine we have learned. If it was right to mark them, they should be avoided, and it is wrong to fellowship them. An example of this attitude is found in the ancient case of Nehemiah, the basis of our whole line of discussion to-day. The Samaritans at the first regarded Nehemiah's ef-fort to rebuild the broken wall of Jerusalem as too feeble to ... The result of the Protestant reformation was orthodox de-nominationalism. Swinging away from the intolerable dogmas of Romanism, Luther, Calvin, Wesley, and others of the like BULWARKS OF THE FAITH spirit, built their protestant foundations on the sands of de-nominational ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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Coins of the Seleucid Empire: 321-64 BC ... At Kritt's suggestion we have adopted a neutral terminology, employing letters of the alphabet to designate bronze denominations whose face values remain undetermined. For the early Hellenistic period (from Seleucus I through Antiochus III) the denominations most commonly produced include B, C, and D, with A ... On these conditions the Jews evacuated the stronghold. But when the king entered Mount Zion and saw what a strong fortress the place was, he broke the oath he had sworn and gave orders to tear down the wall all around. Then he set off in haste and returned to Antioch. He found Philip in control of the city, but he fought against him, and took the city by force." (1 Maccabees ... I permit you to mint your own coinage as money for your country, and I grant freedom to Jerusalem and the sanctuary. All the weapons that you have prepared and the strongholds that you have built and now hold shall remain yours. Every debt you owe to the royal treasury and any such future debts shall be ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Seleucid-empire-321-64BC.htm

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The Exodus Route: Red Sea Camp at the Straits of Tiran ... Click to View Click to View Click to View 8. High resolution map of the Gulf of Aqaba with the Tiran and Nuweiba crossings. The author first saw this map on the wall of Tel-Aviv university and photographed it while dropping off feral bones excavated at Shiloh to be examined by a professor who wrote us a Feral Bone report. ... In contrast to wheeled wagons used earlier and heavier chariots used later in parts of the ancient Near East, most chariots during this period were light vehicles built to carry two men. They were made mostly of bent hardwood and leather, with a few metal parts and wrappings of birch bark to repel moisture. ... The Egyptians made their chariots from ... However, contrary to Yadin's position, the six-spoked wheel is found before 1400 B.C. But he is basically correct in stating that the six-spoked wheel is consistently shown on chariots after 1400 B.C. Yadin's explanation for the shift in the number of wheel spokes is hardly convincing. The Egyptians were certainly ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-straits-of-tiran.htm

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Life of Mrs. E.G. White - Her Claims Refuted, by D.M. Canright ... ... "Think you that he would choose an inferior mouthpiece through whom to instruct the remnant church? On the other hand, as it is the greatest crisis of all ages, we should naturally expect that the mouthpiece God would use for this period would be inferior to none in the past ages." Language could not be stronger. Mrs. White ... To the last she applied the term "the fall of Babylon" to them. All her life energies were devoted to building up a sect, and promulgating narrow, sectarian views. She built high the middle wall or partition separating her followers from all other believers in Christ. She was self-centered, and, on occasion, boastful. Her writings to her people ... White came late in her life; and one is no more presumptuous than the other. So far as known, she never repudiated the claim, to the day of her death. Her son, Elder W.C. White, endorsed it. But intelligent, thinking persons found that Mrs. White made mistakes; that she was often, very often, influenced by one person against ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/7-Life-of-White-her-claims-refuted-canright.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... The Israelites were a stubborn and stiff-necked people according to God's own assessment. He knew the Hebrews would easily be corrupted by associating with the Heathen. The ordinances of the Sabbath, circumcision, and the Jewish dietary laws placed a high wall of social separation between Israel and the Gentiles. If people don't eat together, they ... the 10th Century BCE, including one found at a dig in a village believed to have been built near the time of the early Kingdom of Judah. While these discoveries have helped establish the authenticity of the biblical stories of the first kings of Judah, they reveal that the written form of the language was only remotely similar to Ancient Hebrew. In fact these inscriptions are currently undecipherable. The Canaanite group of languages formed a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages (Wikipedia article, "Hebrew Language"). From Moses through the period of the Judges, God's people almost certainly spoke a precursor to Ancient Hebrew. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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Textual Variants Daniel's 70 weeks, Susanna, Prayer of Hananiah ... ... Josephus said: "But now, what did most elevate them in undertaking this war, was an ambiguous oracle (Dan 9:24) that was also found in their sacred writings, how, "about that time, one from their country should become governor of the habitable ... and it will recover again, (Resurrection) and it will be built up in breadth and length. And at the end (not the middle of week 70) of the appointed times, and after seven periods of seventy appointed times and sixty-two years during the set time of the consummation of war, then the desolation will be taken away (resurrection) when the (new) covenant prevails for many weeks (after the 70 = eternity). And at the completion of the period of seven (end, not middle at 3.5 yrs), offering and ... It would be a joy to sing when all the parts worked together. f. There are several interesting sections in the story. i. In the story section, the description of the large brick kiln with four fuels that produce flames as high as an 8-story building. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Daniel-Bible-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Tanakh-70-weeks-Daniel9.24-Messiah-490-years-458BC-33AD-resurrection-Codex-Vaticanus-Susanna-Prayer-Hananiah-Bel-dragon.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC ... 1987a: 42-44, 47, where the corresponding options of observations made at Memphis and Thebes respectively are preferred.)" (ABD, Egypt, History of, Chronology, K. A. Kitchen, v2, p324) "A rising of Sothis is recorded for Year 9 of Amenhotep I in Papyrus Ebers, a document found at Thebes. ... The Hyksos ruled for about 119 years, displacing the Egyptians as the government of Egypt. They were the Pharaohs who "knew Joseph" and cooperated with the Hebrews. Archeology has confirmed that the Hyksos built three palaces at Tel el-Dab'a directly beside the Hebrews. From the time of Joseph down to the end of the Hyksos period, the Hebrews enjoyed freedom with no slavery, but that was about to end. The ... Unless this is another case of exaggeration like the Merneptah stele, it appears Thutmoses III had conquered the promised land at the time Israel was at Kadesh Barnea. He was powerful enough, that he may have done such. The only known Mud brick making by foreign slaves in 1446 BC: The only ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Greek Geographer/historian) ... Middle Kingdom inscriptions already referred to a canal dug by the Egyptians between the Pelusiac branch of the Nile and the Red Sea. Recent satellite photos have revealed the location of this early canal. In the Saite period Necho II (610-595) attempted unsuccessfully to dig another canal, no doubt ... These include: the Maskhuta stele found in 1864; the so-called Serapeum stele found by Napoleon's soldiers between Lake Timsa and the Bitter Lakes in 1799; the Shallūfa stele discovered twenty miles north of Suez by Charles de Lesseps, brother of the engineer who built the modern Suez Canal (this is the best-preserved text); and the Kubri or Suez stele, found about twenty miles north of ... They are call Arabian mountains because they flank the border with Arabia on the other side of the Red Sea. We all understand that Donald Trump's "Mexican Wall" is on US soil. Even if the Mexicans paid for it after all just like Trump promised! However, we know that the Arabian Troglodytes lived along ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-herodotus-484bc.htm

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Report From The Committee On Madhouses In England, 1815 AD ... Fox has laid out a very large sum of money upon building an establishment, being a series of houses for the purpose of classification. The houses are built entirely of iron and stone, to the right hand side. The three different houses are devoted to three classes of female patients. To the left ... Do you recollect the case and death at Bethlem of a patient of the name of Fowler, whose case, at the time of the death, excited much conversation in the Hospital? No. Do you not recollect the striking circumstance of a man of the name of Fowler being found dead, in a very short space of time after he was taken out of the water, hanging by his wrist from the wall of his apartment? I never heard of such ... I do not know; he was surgeon when I came there. How long did he continue so, after he was in a situation to be generally insane and mostly drunk? I think the period of his insanity was about 10 years ago. And the period of his drunkenness? He always took too much wine. How long is it since he ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/report-from-the-committee-on-madhouses-in-england-1815ad.htm

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The transition from Temple to Synagogue to church: God's eternal ... ... But Saul began ravaging the church, entering house after house, and dragging off men and women, he would put them in prison." (Acts 8:1-3) b. During this early period, Christians began using Synagogues on the first day of the week, adopting the same ... For no man can lay a foundation other than the one which is laid, which is Jesus Christ." (1 Corinthians 3:10-11) d. "you are of God's household, having been built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus Himself being the corner ... Moses clearly said that when the Messiah comes, that he would relinquish his authority to the Messiah and commanded all his followers to obey Christ in all things. e. Ancient papyrus documents found at Qum'ran quote Deut 18:18 in expectation of the ... is trustworthy."" (Daniel 2:44-45) 3. "Jesus said to them, "Did you never read in the Scriptures, 'The stone [Lithos: wall stone] which the builders rejected, This became the chief corner stone [akrogōniaios: corner stone]; This came about from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gods-eternal-plan-purpose-providential-transition-from-Temple-to-Synagogue-to-Church-prophecy-fulfilled.htm

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Origin of Synagogues: 10 Reasons why Synagogues began in Alexandria ... record of extant synagogue inscriptions, the first formal synagogue buildings were either converted from houses or built from scratch, at the time of Ptolemy III. (246 BC) Indeed, the three oldest synagogue inscriptions all dedicate the ... in Schedia, near Alexandria in Egypt, in the third century bce. Although no synagogues are clearly attested during the period of Ezra and Nehemiah (late fifth and early fourth centuries bce), the tradition traces the practice of translating ... In Philo's day Jews lived throughout Alexandria but were particularly concentrated in two of its five quarters (Philo Flacc. 55; Josephus J.W. 2.18.8 §495). Synagogues were to be found throughout the city (Philo Leg. Gai. 132). Octavian reaffirmed ... Solomon built six chamber gates, verified by excavations at: Gezer, Megiddo and Hazor. 1 Ki 9:15 b. "Now this is the account of the forced labor which King Solomon levied to build the house of the Lord, his own house, the Millo, the wall of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Origin-of-ancient-Synagogues-first-century-originated-at-Alexandria-Egypt-began-spawned-by-Greek-Septuagint-translation-Tanakh-Babylonian-captivity-Nehemiah-280BC.htm

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Absalom's insurrection, Rape of Tamar, Satan child: 990-979 BC ... However it is likely that David was primarily focusing on the work of designing and preparing for the Temple to be built by Solomon. 3. Near the end of the 11 year period, the Sinful census by David happens, that resulted in the choice of the threshing floor of Ornan as the location of the Temple. ... During this period, a virgin bride was normally married in midweek so that, if her husband found her not to be a virgin, he could bring proof to the court the following day, which would still be in advance of the Sabbath. ... Symbolic ceremonies may sometimes have been included as part of the betrothal or wedding ceremonies, such as Ruth's request that Boaz spread his skirt over her ... Sheba travels north, passing through many cities until he arrives at Abel Beth-maacah, located just west of Dan about 8 km. d. Joab begins building a Masada-like ramp over the wall to destroy the city who is harbouring Sheba. e. A wise woman asks Joab why they are attacking the city. When she learns they ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-2samuel13-22-tamars-rape-absaloms-mutiny-984-973bc.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... The occupation was evidently domestic, and the main area of the settlement was destroyed by a fire. In one room a clay impression of a royal seal was found (Figure 11.2), restored convincingly as qws g[br]Imlk '[dtn], 'Qos-Gabr, King of Edom' (cf. ... they represent a single period of occupation. The sequence all over the site appears to be the same: floor, collapse, abandonment and collapse. All the floors, whether on bedrock, slate or packing, appear to be contemporary (Bienkowski 1990a:93-95). Tawilan: Glueck's original survey of Tawilan had concluded that it was a very important Edomite site, dating from the 13th to 6th centuries BC (Glueck 1934:13-14; 1935:82-83). Glueck's Tawilan comprised a possible outer wall, and a 'conjectural' ... Bennett concluded that the city was divided into Upper and Lower Towns. The Upper Town consisted of the 'Acropolis' (Area A) with palatial and/or temple buildings built on a deep fill or mound, the Lower Town of ordinary domestic buildings on the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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