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Exodus route and Conquest: Hormah, Tamar, Way of the Spies Problem is, Hormah cannot be located at Tel Masos, because it is no where near the transjordan Edomite territory. Tamar "This land will become your inheritance ... On the east side the boundary will run between Hauran and Damascus, along the Jordan between Gilead and the land of Israel, to the eastern sea and as far as Tamar"(Ezekiel 47:13, 19). Biblical Tamar, 30 miles south of the Dead Sea, was one of the main cities on the spice trade. More than 25,000 objects ranging from the First Temple period to the early Arab period have been uncovered here, including a pit with Edomite cultic figures, Iron Age walls, gates and an altar, and a Roman fortress. Dig directors Tali Erickson of the Israel ... Hence the desert route would have them approaching the northern end of the Arabah from the west southwest, and then crossing the Arabah between Tamar and Zalmonah. (The New American Commentary Num 21:1-3, 2000 AD) What the Bible says about Hormah: 1. "Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites live ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-way-of-spies-hormah.htm

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Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria Ezekiel 48:28 Click to View Introduction: The southern border of Israel is stated in: Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28. There quite a bit of confusion trying to separate out the names of these cities. We have determined that there ... There are only verses that mention Tamar/Tamdar (parallel verses): 1 Ki 9:17-19 and 2 Chron 8:1-4. Rudolph Cohen mistakenly uses these verses in reference to Ein Haseva . In one parallel passage it is spelled Tamar, in the other it is Tamdar. Alternate spellings of towns are common in the Bible and are because different cultures refer to the ... identify the site, which was a major fortress on the south-eastern frontier of the Judaean Kingdom, both with biblical Tamar (Ezek 47:19; 48:28) and with Tamara mentioned in the Roman and Byzantine sources cited. ... ... The excavations at Ein Haseva have not uncovered the name Tamara or Thamara or Tamar. It is clear that "(Stratum 6)" of Ein Haseva was one of the border fortresses built by Solomon. There are a series of occupation ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system "Can I justify wicked scales and a bag of deceptive weights?" (Micah 6:11) Coins of the Bible Coins of Jesus and the Bible . History of Money and the weight system . Hebrew units of Money . How money was made . Where money was made "Can I justify wicked scales and a bag of deceptive weights?" (Micah 6:11) Introduction Chronology of Biblical coins: In order to understand coins used in Israel, it is ... Most weigh stones during the Iron age (1100-587 BC) were smooth polish dome-shaped limestone with flat bottoms. "Until 1998, only 211 of the inscribed Judaean weights had been found in archaeological ... Eight Hebrew weight stones from 701 BC excavated in Lachish, stratum II: four stones were 8 shekels and the other four stones were 4 shekels along with 17 bullae including the famous Shebna bulla of ... Dates for the duck-shaped weights range from around the Middle Bronze Age (ending around 1550 BCE) to the Late Iron Age (mid-sixth century BCE) and may have extended into the Persian, Hellenistic, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. Sinai." (Mt. Sinai—in Arabia?, Bible Review, Apr 2000, Allen Kerkeslager) Midianite pottery was originally called Edomite pottery which is a misnomer. This is an error and modern archeologists know the difference. Be aware, however older publications often refer to this type of pottery as Edomite pottery. The correct name is "Midianite pottery". Neutron Activation Analysis was conducted on Midianite pottery in 1991 and proved it was all made at Qurayyah where the kiln was discovered. Click to View When Israel took possession of the promised land in 1406 BC, the Kenites (Midianites) who joined ... Today the Timna types of Midianite ware are dated to the fourteenth to twelfth centuries c and there is good archaeological evidence for its origin in north-west Arabia, in the area of Midian. Indeed, ... It is virtually on every Bible map produced for the last 75 years. They have found Midianite pottery at Qudeirat: The upper fortress, as mentioned above, was extremely rich in ceramic remains. ... ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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The border Between Judah and Egypt: River of Egypt, Wadi el-Arish ... ... Tel el-Dab'a (Goshen) was on the eastern side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, which made it inside the promised land. So, Israel was already inside the promised land before they left Goshen! If the Pelusiac arm of the Nile is the southern border of the promised land in Gen 15:18, then Israel was in the promised land before they crossed the Red Sea and at Mt. Sinai. The Sinai Peninsula is called "The Wilderness of Egypt" The Bible says that there was a long journey through the wilderness BEFORE they reached the Red Sea. (Ezekiel 20:36; Judges 11:16; Exodus 13:18). In 50 AD, Philo of ... Part 2: Archaeological and Literary sources on Egypt's border: A. Tharu is Arish: Egyptian prison camp on the border between Egypt and Israel. Prison camp at Tharu (Tjaru, Tharo, Ṯʾ-rw, Greek: Sile): ... W. J. Murnane, , E. S. Meltz, p235, 1995 AD) 5. c. 1300 BC: Relief of Menmaatre Seti I: Fortress at Tharu (Greek- sile) is on Egyptian border a. Menmaatre Seti I was the father of Ramesses I. b. This ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-southern-border-judah-territory-river-of-egypt-wadi-el-arish-tharu-rhinocolu.htm

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Origin of Synagogues: 10 Reasons why Synagogues began in Alexandria ... Introduction: 1. Although Ptolemy II wanted the Jewish scriptures translated into Greek in 282 BC for his father's (Ptolemy I) famous Library of Alexandra, the local Jews quickly made copies and started to gather to read the "Bible for ... While interesting, it really has little to do with the origin of synagogues. d. "However, the existence of synagogues in the Egypt of the third cen-tury BCE is firmly attested in the archaeological and epigraphic record, and the attestation includes an assured date. One ... In Israel, the synagogue probably first made its appearance during the Hasmonean or Herodian periods, during the first century B.C.E." (The Synagogue in Late Antiquity, Lee Levine, p10, 1987 AD) 4. "The first archeological evidence for a ... Ezra the scribe stood at a wooden podium which they had made for the purpose." (Nehemiah 8:1-4) c. Archeology proves that city gates were centres for pagan worship at Tel Dan and the bull's head stele at Bethsaida. d. "And Israelites who ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Origin-of-ancient-Synagogues-first-century-originated-at-Alexandria-Egypt-began-spawned-by-Greek-Septuagint-translation-Tanakh-Babylonian-captivity-Nehemiah-280BC.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... in the Shrine of the Book, a museum dedicated for that purpose in 1965." (The Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin, vol, p 58, 2011 AD) 3. Nahal Hever produced the most important Greek LXX Biblical manuscripts of the minor prophets. a. ... Remarkably, fragments of Greek Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy were even found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, a testimony to how far the Greek Bible penetrated the homeland of Israel." (Reading the Bible at Qumran, Alexandria, and Ephesus, D. A. deSilva ... we find texts that were corrected according to the proto-rabbinic Hebrew text used in rabbinic circles, both BCE and CE. A major source for this assumption is the Greek Minor Prophets scroll from Nahal Hever dated paleographically to ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the reconfigured palace, near the section identified as a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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The Exodus Route: Goshen and Ramses day after the Passover the sons of Israel started out boldly in the sight of all the Egyptians," (Numbers 33:3) Click to View 3. Ballah lake and Timsah lake cannot be the Red Sea crossing site because they are inside Goshen: a. ... The LXX translates "Goshen" as "Gesem of Arabia" (Gen. 45:10) and may identify it with the Egyptian name for Arabia." (Baker Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Tremper Longman, Goshen, p688, 2013 AD) 2. City of Rameses is Tel el Dab'a (Avaris): a. The Hebrew city of Tel el-Dab'a might have been located in the ... Ramesside Period in the Wadi Tumilat, at Tell el-Retaba, not with Tell el-Maskhuta which according to the archaeological record did not yet exist." (On the Historicity of the Exodus: What Egyptology Today Can Contribute to ... Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). Even Tjeku, the name of the region of Wadi Tumilat, is regarded by many as an ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... in the Shrine of the Book, a museum dedicated for that purpose in 1965." (The Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin, vol, p 58, 2011 AD) 3. Nahal Hever produced the most important Greek LXX Biblical manuscripts of the minor prophets. a. ... Remarkably, fragments of Greek Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy were even found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, a testimony to how far the Greek Bible penetrated the homeland of Israel." (Reading the Bible at Qumran, Alexandria, and Ephesus, D. A. deSilva ... we find texts that were corrected according to the proto-rabbinic Hebrew text used in rabbinic circles, both BCE and CE. A major source for this assumption is the Greek Minor Prophets scroll from Nahal Hever dated paleographically to ... These rebels appropriated Herod's spectacular palace fortress as their opposition base. Manuscripts discovered at Masada were not found in caves, but rather within the structures of the reconfigured palace, near the section identified as a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... After Moses' request for peaceful passage through Edom was refused by the Edomite king, the Israelites set out from Kadesh-Barnea to conquer Canaan by a more circuitous route—around Mount Hor and through Transjordan. Moses' brother, Aaron, died on ... Ein el-Qudeirat had three fortresses: (built and destroyed three times) Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the tenth to the sixth centuries B.C. and provide important data which help flesh out the tangled history of this period. Youngest of three fortresses: 700 BC (top layer, first excavated) The uppermost, and therefore latest, fortress at ... However, as a result of the recent discovery of some accumulations of Negev pottery from which distribution patterns emerge, I believe Negev ware is related specifically to the Kenites, one of the Negev's nomadic tribes which, according to the Bible, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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FORGERY: Fake Bulla of Baruch son of Neriah, Jeremiah's Scribe ... Catalogue of Faked, Forged and Misidentified Bullae and Seals of Judea and Israel Jehoahaz, son of the king The Museum of Forgeries and Misidentifications of Bible Bulla and Seals from Israel and ... 5. "This bulla (now in the Israel Museum, the gift of Dr. R. Hecht, to whom I am obligated for permission to publish it), measuring 17 x 16 mm, is stamped with an oval seal, 13 x 11 mm. It has a single border line and is divided by horizontal double lines into three registers, all of which are inscribed. The script is the formal-cursive Hebrew of the 7th century BCE The samek in the bottom line ... by Yuval Goren who works in the Department of Archaeology and Ancient Near Eastern Cultures, Tel Aviv University and Eran Arie who works at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. (Steve Rudd) IV. The ... Of course, laboratories and archaeological scientists may be divided in their opinions, as has happened with many other biblical-era artifacts discussed recently by the media and elsewhere. But if ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-bulla-jeremiah-clay-bullae-inscription-Belonging-to-Baruch-Berechiah-Son-of-Neriah-The-scribe-Jer-36-4-1975-1996ad-Reuben-Hecht-israel-museum-605bc-forgery-fake.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... Archeology of the Egyptian Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel The Moses Sinai inscription dates to 1446 BC (the year of the Exodus) The Exodus documented in the Sinai Inscriptions The Hebrew ... The result is one of the most important archeological discoveries of all time. There are references to four Bible characters, including Moses. "What we read in the book, we find in the ground" ... KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: ALAR OF ABRAHAM, AI OF JOSHUA, EPHRAIM OF JESUS: Et Tel is the Ai "ruin" of Abraham located 1 km east of Khirbet el-Maqatir which was the Ai of Joshua, the first conquest city. The ... So far as we can tell from the archaeological evidence presently at hand, there were no Egyptians living there during the reign of Thutmose." (A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, Gleason Archer, ... Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). Even Tjeku, the name of the region of Wadi Tumilat, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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Ezion-Geber, Nelson Glueck, Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh ... ... the apertures were intended for ventilation, as occurred, for example, in the tower of Saul's fortress at Gibeah; cf, Albright, AASOR, IV (1924), 9; Sinclair, AASOR, XXXIV-XXXV (1960), 14. The Tell ... Bible, II, 838; Sellin and Watzinger, Jericho, pp. 67-68 and pl. W; Tufnell, Lachish, III, 53 and 78; Starkey, Palestine Exploration Quarterly, LXIX (1937), 237; Wheeler, in Piggott, The Dawn of Civilization, pp. 244-5; Cross and Wright, Journal of Biblical Literature, LXXV, (1956), 225. 11. AASOR, XV (1935), 32-36; Rothenberg, pp. 12, 60-1. 12. Rivers in the Desert, pp. 58-9; Perrot, Israel ... Elath, 18th Archaeological Convention (1962), pp. 105-8 (IIebrew). 14. Letter dated Dec. 18, 1938. Israelites to the art of metallurgy, may also have had wheel-made pottery going back to the ... Stamped on the handles of a series of jars belonging to the first phase of Period IV, which probably extended well down into the seventh century B.C., was an Edomite inscription reading: "Belonging to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ ... weight stones in 41 AD in Greek language. bible-coins-history-money-weight-stones-Greek-Year-5-of-King-Agrippa-supervision-Athamas-cylindrical-limestone-Jerusalem-41AD.jpg Coins were almost exclusively in Greek from the time of Herod the Great (59 BC) down to the destruction of the temple in 70 AD: "Most city coins of ancient Israel carry Greek rather than Latin inscrip-tions, evidence ... Greek coins were in use, and were apparently very common as early as the end of the sixth century BCE." (Guide to Biblical Coins, David Hendin, 5th edition, p70, 2010 AD) IV. Greek and Aramaic ... The publication of a wealth of new documents, the awareness of cross-cultural influences in the modern world, and the discovery of large quantities of archaeological material reflecting its ... This was the first Temple of YHWH outside Judea: Elephantine in 530 BC See Full outline on YHWH temple at Elephantine History of the Elephantine Temple: The Jewish fortress of Elephantine likely dates ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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1001 BC: Papyrus Moscow 127: Wermai's Odyssey & Tragic Tale of ... ... Kitchen associates this event as being contemporary with the flight of Hadad, the Edomite, to Egypt (1 Kgs 11:14-22). Hence, the text alludes to contact between Egypt and Palestine (Transjordan) at the time of David." (The Near East Archaeological Society Bulletin, ... III. Authorities on Papyrus Moscow 127: "Papyrus Moscow 127 (copied c. 1000 BCE), a (probably) pseudo-his-torical letter found in 1890 CE near El-Hibeh in the same cache of papyri as the Report of Wenamun and the Onomasticon of Amenope, recently has been cited by ... Conclusion: 150 years ago, bible scoffers chortled that Edom as a nation was "Just another Bible myth but once again the Bible is proven as a record of real history. The Papyrus Moscow (Pushkin Museum) 127 echoes the story of Hadad the Edomite in 1 Kings 11:14-22 and confirms through archeology, the Bible record that Edom, Egypt and Judah were in direct contact with each other from the Iron age (David, Solomon). Contact between Egypt and Israel is visible today in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-edomites-Papyrus-Moscow-127-Pushkin-museum-Tale-of-Woe-Letter-of-Wermai-story-odyssey-tragedy-Seir-Egypt-1001bc.htm

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Greek Scroll Twelve minor prophets Nahal Hever 50 BC: Septuagint ... ... For Tyre built herself a fortress And piled up silver like dust, And gold like the mire of the streets. Behold, the Lord will dispossess her And cast her wealth into the sea; And she will be consumed with fire. Ashkelon will see it and be ... Hever dated paleographically to the end of the first century BCE. This Greek scroll was revised according to the proto-rabbinic Hebrew text, together with other parts of the Greek Bible, and all of these together are named the kaige-Th revision. ... The find of the Minor Prophets scroll in Naha' Hever probably implies that some of the followers of Bar Kochba read the Greek Scriptures in this revised version, and this may also have applied to other Greek-speaking communities in Israel." (Hebrew Bible, Greek ... at present there is no reason to think this happened." (Old Testament Gemstones: A Philological, Geological, and Archaeological Assessment of the Septuagint, J. A. Harrell, Bulletin for Biblical Research, 21:1-4, p145, 2011 AD) "Date: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-Septuagint-twelve-Greek-Minor-prophets-scroll-Nahal-Hever-Bar-Kochba-Cave-of-Horrors-letters-Dodekapropheton-Greek-8HevXIIgr-50BC.htm

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Seal of Baalis King of Bnei-Ammon: Bible Clay Bulla and seals ... of Bnei-Ammon" 3. Provenance: None. Private antiquities market in 1999 AD. 4. Current location: Hecht Museum, Haifa Israel 5. Date: 587 BC 6. Bible verses: Jer 40:14 7. Events: Hired Ishmael to assassinate Gedaliah, 1st Judean governor appointed by Nebuchadnezzar in ... "The nearby city fortress of Lachish provides clear proof that it had been twice burned over a short period of time, coinciding with the two captures of Jerusalem. In Lachish the imprint of a clay seal was found, its back still shows the ... New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1960 108, 109), (Evidence for Christianity, Josh McDowell, p164, 2006 AD) "Another important seal impression was found at Lachish in 1935 by the Welcome Archaeological Expedition of England. The inscription on it ... Since this seal was found at tel Mizpah, it seems obvious to associate this Jaazaniah with the Gedaliah the first governor of Judah who used Mizpah as his home city. (2 Ki 25:23; Jer 40:8) Jaazaniah was in Mizpah at the same time as Gedaliah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-belonging-to-baalis-king-of-bnei-ammon-Jer-40-14-587bc.htm

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Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... ... The overall archaeological impression and preliminary results suggest a well organized inner structure of the settlement, and this organization is probably reflected in the management of agriculture, husbandry and exploitation ... Kh. El-Maqatir LH/ER Assemblage = 383 Shiloh Area D LB Dump Stratum VI Assemblage = 2973 Mt. Ebal Altar Iron I Assemblage = 741 Basta PPN (LBIII?) Assemblage = 100,000 Species NISP/NISP% MNI NISP/NISP% MNI NISP/NISP% MNI NISP/... Kh. El-Maqatir: Faunal Bone Report, Abra Spiciarich and Lidar Sapir-Hen, December 2017 AD Shiloh Excavations, Israel Finkelstein, 1993 AD Mt. Ebal, Faunal Remains from Mount Ebal, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Tel Aviv 13-14, 1986-1987 AD Analysis of mammalian bones from Basta, a Pre-pottery Neolithic Site, Cornelia Becker, ... Beidha and Basta, it would explain a number of unique features of a unique population in a unique period of history. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm

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Jezirat Faraun: Is This Solomon's Seaport? Alexander Flinder ... We are now in a position, I believe, not only to understand the maritime background of this joint venture—the most celebrated naval enterprise in the Bible—but also to identify Ezion-Geber and ... Industries in the Western Arabah" in the Palestine Exploration Quarterly.6 Under the auspices of Tel Aviv University, Rothenberg had carried out his own surveys and excavations in the western Aravah, ... It consists of three hills. The northernmost hill takes up half the length of the island and is surmounted by a Moslem fortress dating to the 12th century A.D.; the two southern hills contain ... I first visited Jezirat Faraun in 1967 in the company of Dr. Elisha Linder, the founder of underwater archaeology in Israel, and divers from the Israel Undersea Exploration Society. The purpose of our visit was to conduct a preliminary survey of the underwater terrain around the island, which we expected to yield material of historical and archaeological interest. I had long been familiar with ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-jezirat-faraun-is-this-solomons-seaport-alexander-flinder-1989ad.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... and up-dating it to a somewhat more "modern" usage, much like the King James Bible was up-dated in small increments until the current age is well represented by something like The New International Version. The concept that the Hebrew language had not fully evolved into Ancient Hebrew by the time of King David is verified by recent archaeological discoveries of artifacts with inscriptions that date back to the 10th Century BCE, including one found at a dig in a village believed to have been built near the time of the early Kingdom of Judah. ... The original language of the Pentateuch may have been Egyptian or an early form of the Canaanite family of languages. It may have been re-translated from time to time as the language spoken by Israel evolved during the period ... "Then Judas appointed certain men to fight against those that were in the fortress, until he had cleansed the sanctuary. So he chose priests of blameless conversation, such as had pleasure in the law: Who cleansed the ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... (ancient Sidikan), the Belik near Kharran, the Euphrates at Carchemish, and so [onward], . . . passing Aleppo, Ilarnath, and Emesa (where, perhaps, already the sons of Kheth were entrenched in their lake fortress). ... 6: 11, 19) to be a plantation of terebinth, the more easily can we consider ourselves justified in referring that name to an oasis situated, on any view of the subject, to the west of the Edomite mountains. . . . ... The strongest argu ments in favor of the northerly site are presented by Grove in Smith s Bible Dic tionary, under the various heads "Siddim, the Vale of," "Sea, the Salt," and " Sodom," and by Tristram, in his Land of Israel (pp. 361-367). In favor of the former generally accepted site at the southern end of the Sea, the best presentation is ... an Egyptian name, and " Migdol " a Hebrew one ; 5 that an Egyptian 1 IIist. of Egypt, I., 237 /. 2 The Arabic " Tell " corresponding with the Hebrew, Tel I 7fU means " a mound, 1 "a heap/ especially a heap of ruins. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... who would liberate Israel from underneath Roman control. "Simon bar Kosiba, President over Israel, to Yehonathan and Masabala, peace. [My order is] that you search and seize the wheat which is ... from one bible verse: "So they came to Gedaliah at Mizpah, along with Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan and Jonathan the sons of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth, and the sons of Ephai the Netophathite, and Jezaniah the son of the Maacathite, both they and their men." (Jeremiah 40:8) "Another important seal impression was found at Lachish in 1935 by the Welcome Archaeological ... Officials, G. Ernest Wright, Vol 1) "The nearby city fortress of Lachish provides clear proof that it had been twice burned over a short period of time, coinciding with the two captures of Jerusalem. ... 22:3, 8-12)." (ISBE, Rule of Gedaliah, Volume 2, Page 919, 1979 AD) Since this seal was found at tel Mizpah, it seems obvious to associate this Jaazaniah with the Gedaliah the first governor of Judah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... Abu Assaf, A. 1980-81Untersuchungen zur Ammonitischen Rundbildkunst. UFo 12:7-78, pls.l-17. Aharoni, Y. 1979 Land of the Bible.' London. Ahituv, S. 1972 Did Ramesses H Conquer Dibon? IEJ 22:141-142. ... First, to summarize the evidence for the date of the earliest Iron Age settlement at each of these sites. Second, to assess critically the claims by Israel Finkelstein that there was widespread Iron I ... Chapter 10). 12. Evidence from the Wadi el-Hasa and Southern Ghors and North-east Arabah Archaeological Surveys Conclusions: The above-detailed evidence from the WHS and SGNAS indicates human ... An Edomite occupation of es-Sela` There are definite indications of Edomite occupation on the rock opposite the recent but possibly also ancient village of Sela' near Buseirah (Figure 13.2). Thus, ... Lindner and Farajat 1987)? Umm el-Ala: an Edomite fortress south of Petra It was by pure chance that after Baja III another Iron II (Edomite) site should have been discovered. When I was invited by ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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REFUTED: Full-Preterist, "Realized Eschatology", "AD 70 doctrine ... ... in shock and horror that Peter speaks of the "coming of Christ with power" in the PAST TENSE. This really messes up their "law of consistency in defining every Bible phrase in the identical way. a. ... Even if Caiaphas was as young as 50 in AD 18, this would make him about 100 years old in AD 66. c. Archaeological confirmation Caiaphas died before the first Jewish War in AD 66: i. Ossuary of ... The name and the chest's elaborate decorations suggest that this was the ossuary of the Caiaphas from the New Testament." (Israel Museum) ii. The provenance of the ossuary is certified, being ... In Josephus Wars 2.433-440, (Dating to 28th August AD 66) Manahem breaks into Herod's army supply room in the fortress on Masada and comes marching to Jerusalem in the pomp and ceremony of a king. He ... I was in Jerusalem on an archeological excavation and was staying at the Yad Hashmona kibbutz high atop the cliffs with a perfect view of the sunset and Tel Aviv. Jeru was sending a live video feed to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Refuted-Full-Preterism-Realized-eschatology-debunked-exposed-second-coming-Parousia-rapture-destruction-Jerusalem-70AD-Doctrine-Revelation-Commentary.htm

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Panorama photos of ancient Israel from the Bible Panorama Photographs of Israel Ancient Israel Tour Guide to archeological site Travel and Tourist Maps Alphabetic listing of panoramas in Israel: Ai of Abraham, Et Tel Ai of Joshua, Khirbet el Maqatir Ararat, Urartu Ashkelon Azekah Beersheba Beth Guvrin, Betogabris Beth Shean Beth Shemesh Bethsaida Dor Elah Fortress, Khirbet Qeiyafa Gath, Tel Safi Gibeah of Saul, Benjamin Gibeon Herodion Jarmuth Jericho of Jesus Jericho of Joshua Jesus Boat, Galilee Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal Kadesh Barnea, El-Beidha (Petra) Kiriath-jearim Lachish Libnah Madaba Map: 542 AD Mareshah Mt. Karkom Mt. Musa (Mt. ... Photos can be free used in sermons, church auditoriums, powerpoint presentations and any public forum. 3. Inclusion in printed on paper, publications permitted with permission. Ask. 4. All photographs copywrite Steve Rudd, the photographer. No alteration of the photos without permission. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/panorama-photos-israel-tour-guide-travel-maps.htm

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Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca on Pithos Jar: (Possibly one of Solomon's network of military border fortresses) Click to View Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Click to View Click to View Click to View Click to View Click to View Click to View Qudeirat Qedeis Quseima Loz K. Ajrud Elat Haseva Click to View Introduction: Dating Kuntillet Ajrud: It may be as early as Solomonic (950 BC) or as late as Israeli (Samaria period, 830-775 BC) OLDEST BIBLE TEXT ON EARTH: Numbers 6:24-26 a. Kuntillet Ajrud is probably most famous for the inscription found there that indicates a period of mixing paganism with pure monotheistic Judaism: ... The reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah (between 850 and 837 B.C.E.) seem distinct possibilities. However, the period of Joash king of Israel (ca. 801-786 B.C.E.), who captured Amaziah king of Judah, broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and seized the treasures of the Jerusalem temple and palace (2 Kgs ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm

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The Ahoroni Fortress at Quseima: One of Solomon's network of ... Introduction document: Solomon's network of military border fortresses Click to View Qudeirat Click to View Qedeis Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz Map of the Quseima area: Click to View Click to View Introduction: Solomon's border fortress at Quseima is the largest ... From a strategic point of view, the Quseima fortress was the most important because it was the most westerly and therefore closest to the Egyptian border and it overlooked the crossroads. The border between Egypt and Israel as stated in the Bible, is the wadi el-Arish. The family of three military border fortresses built in 950 BC by Solomon at Quseima, Qudeirat and Qedeis proves our point that they cannot be used a proof that this is where Kadesh Barnea was located. The Ahoroni Fortress near Quseima, Egypt is one of over 50 outposts built by king Solomon to protect the border between Israel and Egypt, which lie about 19 km ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-quseima-ahoroni.htm

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597 BC Ostraca Ramah-Negev (Tel Ira) "MPQD" Ostracon #1 Joshua ... ... Berekhyahu, 40x in Bible: Jeremiah 36:4 3. "As quite a large number of people bore the same name, there was a tendency to distinguish between two or more people of the same name by nicknames." For examples from Ugarit & Israelite epigraph: cf.Naveh 1990: p117-22. 4. lit. Šelemyahu, 10x in the Bible: Jeremiah 38:1 II. The connection of Tel Ira with Arad ostraca #80 and #24: "The most chilling episode in Eliashib's career came to light three years after the discovery of the archive in his office. I was supervising the excavation of the slope outside the fortress on the western side. An American volunteer from the University of North Carolina came running over with an inscribed sherd she had just found. It was a letter to Eliashib, but unfortunately only the back side was well preserved. From the script, we could tell that it had come from the stratum VI fortress. It was an order to rush troops from Arad and from neighboring Kinah to strengthen the defenses of Ramah-Negeb (probably Tel ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Ramah-Negev-Tell-Ira1-letters-census-MPQD-miphqad-mipqad-command-of-Berechiah-Bald-Joshua19-8-Shelemiah-Zedekiah-597bc.htm

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City of David discovered! City Of David A. David conquers Jerusalem, II Sam.5:6-7, 8, 9,10, 11, Pic B. History of Archeology in Israel. 1. Kathleen Kenyon (Jericho, '52-'58; City of David, '61-'68) 2. Yagal Shiloh (City of David, '78-'85) 3. Jane Cahill appointed to analyze and publish Shiloh's work 4. Ronnie Reich now heading City of David project C. Major Israeli universities have been dominated by unbelief. 1. David Ussishkin, Tel Aviv University "I am afraid that evidence regarding the magnificent Solomonic capital was not discovered because it is nonexistent, not because it is still hidden in the ground." Jerusalem in Bible And Archeology, 2003, p.112 2. Niles Peter Lemch, University of Copenhagen "Archeological data have now definitely confirmed that the empire of David and Solomon never existed." Biblical Archaeological Review, 11/12, 2004, p.17 3. Jane Cahill, Hebrew University responds "The most frequently voiced argument by those who challenge the historical existence of the United Monarchy is a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-city-of-david.htm

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The Civilization of the Edomites, Nelson Glueck The Civilization of the Edomites Nelson Glueck Hebrew Union College The Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 10, No. 4. (Dec., 1947), pp. 77-84. Note: Glueck is a Bible trasher who takes the view that the Exodus happened after 1200 BC, when the Bible says it happened in 1450 BC: "Transjordan taken place before the 13th century B.C., the Israelites would have found neither Edomite nor Moabite kingdoms, well organized and well fortified, whose rulers could have given or withheld ... Archaeological discoveries may have confirmed the account in Genesis 14:5-7 of how the Eastern kings led by Chedor-laomer conquered all of Transjordan, by subduing and destroying one after another all the fortified sites which lay in their path, from Ashtaroth ... Edom paid 12 manas of silver, in comparison with 10 manas of silver paid by Judah; Ammon paid 2 manas of gold; Moab paid 1 mana of gold. The development and wealth of the countries of Transjordan, which existed contemporaneously with those of Israel and Judah, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-civilization-of-the-edomites-nelson-glueck-1947ad.htm

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796 BC: Omri Stele inscription of Adad-Nirari III (810-783) found ... ... From that time on, references to Edom, or Edomite kings, in Assyrian sources are usual. The earliest local epigraphic material that can be confidently dated is a royal seal impression from Umm el-Biyara referring to a personality that has been identified as "Qos-Gabr, King of Edom" (qws g[br]/mlk '[dm]). This ruler is mentioned twice in Assyrian inscriptions from the reigns of Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal, which date to ca. 670 ... "Mari" is a title of the kings of Aram applied to both Ben Hadad III on the Omri-land stele and his father of Hazael in other inscriptions. Detailed outline on Hazael, king of Aram and the "House of David" Stele found at tel Dan. This archeological object directly confirms a specific bible story where God sent Assyrian king Adad-Nirari III to deliver Israel from Ben-Hadad III (king of Arad at Damascus, son of Hazael) in 2 Kings 13:5. "So the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and He gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram, and ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Omri-land-stele-Amurru-Tyre-Sidon-Jehoash-Joash-Israel-Samaria-Edom-Palestine-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Damascus-Calah-Nimrod-796bc.htm

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Bulla of Gemariah son of Shaphan (Jeremiahs scribe: Bible Clay ... And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! Encyclopedia of Bullae and Seals of Judea and Israel Bulla "belonging to Gemariah son of Shaphan" (Jeremiah's scribe) 3. Bulla of Gemariah the son of Shaphan: a. This seal was also excavated in the official ... accompanied by architectural, ceramic and historical evidence" (Shiloh 1986:16-17)." (Signed, Sealed and Delivered: An Archaeological Exposition of Jeremiah 32:1-15, Associates for Bible Research, Gordon Franz, 2010 AD) c. "The bulla of Gemariah son of Shaphan was found in the famous Area G in the City of David excavations under the supervision of Jane Cahill and David Tarler. It is part of a hoard of 51 bullae, the only collection of bullae ever found in a stratified context in Israel. The bullae were uncovered in stratum 10, the level sealed by the Babylonian conquest, so they can be securely dated to the period just before the destruction of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Gemariah-son-of-Shaphan-burning-of-scroll-Jer-36-10-27-605bc.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... The inscriptions contain the names of El and Yahweh, words for God used in the Hebrew Bible. Yahweh (spelled YHWH in Hebrew consonantal writing) is the holy name of the Hebrew God as it appears in the Bible. El, a generic term for God, is also used in the Bible to refer specifically to the Hebrew God. But the religious inscriptions from Kuntillet Ajrud also contain the names of pagan gods and goddesses, like Baal and ... After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new date identified the site as the southernmost outpost of the Judean kingdom, and it became a prime candidate for excavation. A few years later I led the archaeological expedition to Kuntillet Ajrud on behalf of Tel Aviv University (Institutes of Archaeology, and of Nature Conservation Research); the Israel Department of Antiquity; the Department for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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The Exodus Route: Migdol "Egyptian Military Watchtower" archeology. 2. We have no archaeological evidence for any migdol at the Straits of Tiran, but this is a very likely place for one to have existed, given the tri-intersection of the Red Sea. a. A migdol located on the summit of one of the hills overlooking the sea would not require much additional architecture to elevate. b. Migdols would be equipped with passenger pigeons as communication agents. A passenger pigeon was able to get a message to pharaoh the Israel was "trapped by the wilderness" ... A watchtower located at this important three-way shipping crossroads would be invaluable. A. Bible texts where Migdol's are mentioned in the Bible: 1. Remember, there were many Migdol's and the one's mentioned in Jeremiah and Ezekiel are not the same ... When Israel started back towards Egypt, Pharaoh chased towards them with his 600 chariots. 7. A migdol is a military watchtower and fortress structure. Migdols were very common in the ancient world and Egypt had many of them throughout their ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-migdol.htm

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Wadi Daliyeh (Cave of Abu Shinjeh) Sanballat seal and Bulla, ... See full outline on Elephantine papyri and Sanballat b. Sanballat I is named as the governor of Samaria in the Aramaic Papyrus: I. Bible verses that mention Sanballat: 1. "When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard about it, it was very displeasing to them that someone had come to seek the welfare of the ... Samaria after the invasion of Alexander the Great in 333 bce, but were likely assassinated by Alexander's troops. (Dead Sea Scrolls website, Israel) 2. "The most important collection of Aramaic documents from the Persian period is that of the Jewish military colony at Yeb (Elephantine). Similar legal documents were found recently at Wadi Daliyeh, east of Samaria; they belonged to the Samaritan governor's family, who had fled from the Macedonian conqueror but were intercepted and died in a cave at Wadi Daliyeh. The earliest document of this group is of 375 bc and the latest of 335 bc." (The Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land, Inscriptions, 1990 AD) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-manuscripts-bulla-Wadi-Daliyeh-cave-Abu-Shinjeh-Persian-Aramaic-papyrus-letters-legal-documents-clay-seal-string-endorsed-sealed-Sanballat-408BC.htm

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Papyrus Anastasi 4 and 6 Shasu Pithom Goshen Lake, tribes of ... Papyrus Anastasi VI mentions the "Lakes of Pithom" and "Bedouin tribes of Edom" Lakes of Pithom in Goshen: Translation of Papyrus Anastasi 6: "Another piece of information for my lord is that we have just let the Shasu [Bedouin] tribes of Edom pass the Fortress of Merneptah-hetephermaat, LPH, of Tjeku, to the lakes of Pithom of Merneptah-hetephermaat, of Tjeku, in order to revive themselves and revive their flocks from the great life force of Pharaoh" (Papyrus Anastasi VI, COS 3.5) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! "Lakes of Pithom" in Goshen "We have finished letting the Bedouin tribes of Edom pass the Fortress." ... But the details of the plagues of flies, of hail, and of darkness (Ex. 8:22; 9:25-26; 10:23) make it clear enough that Goshen was at the time of the Exodus inhabited almost exclusively by the Hebrews, and plagues which befell the rest of Egypt made no appearance at all in Goshen. So far as we can tell from the archaeological evidence presently at hand, there were no ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-edomites-Papyrus-Egyptian-Anastasi-VI-Shasu-tribes-of-Edom-Pharaoh-Merneptah-Succoth-1205bc.htm

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Gilgal ... The earliest pottery repertoire dated to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E., nearly identical to the pottery found at the Mt. Ebal site (stratum 2) we had excavated earlier.6 It seems evident that this oval enclosure was some kind of a camp from the early Iron Age I period, that is, from the period of Israel's earliest history in Canaan. But can we be more specific? It has become fashionable in the last decade or so, especially among a group of scholars who regard themselves as "Syro-Palestinian" archaeologists,k to ignore and even to shun the Bible. The reasons for this inclination are various—from sociological to personal and political. After years of archaeological research, however, I believe it is impossible to explore Israel's origins without the Bible. At the same time, the research should be as objective as possible. The Bible should be used cautiously and critically. But again and again we have seen the historical value of the Bible. Again and again we have seen that an ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-gilgal.htm

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Historical search for Kadesh Barnea from 1000 BC - Present ... in the Bible, including most of those connected with the route of the Exodus, had passed out of currency by late antiquity. Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. Seetzen entered the Negev in the course of his Levantine travels (1854: 1-68), opening this area to modern exploration. At first the search for Kadesh-barnea focused on the Arabah, the deep, desolate geological fissure extending from the south end of the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba. [ie the Arabah valley" (Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph Cohen, 1981 AD) "The pioneering explorers of the early 19th century sought Kadesh-barnea in the Arabah. In 1836, for example, von Raumer proposed Ain Hasb (Haseva) as a candidate for the site, while Robinson, in 1838, preferred 'Ain el-Webeh (`En Yahav). (Rudolph Cohen, Kadesh Barnea: A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom, The Israel Museum, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-historical-search.htm

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The Exodus Route: Debunked: Split Rock of Rephidim (Meribah) ... His work is perfect, For all His ways are just; A God of faithfulness and without injustice, Righteous and upright is He." Deuteronomy 32:4. c. David adopted the "God my Rock" imagery: "I love You, O LORD, my strength." The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer, My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; My shield and ... These UIAs include Ron Wyatt, Larry Williams, Bob Cornuke, David Fasold, Howard Blum, Larry Williams, Lennart Möller, Jim Caldwell, Penny Caldwell, Ryan Mauro, Andrew Jones, Joel Richardson. It takes more than a camera and a wild imagination to do professional archeology. WARNING: FAKE NEWS ALERT!!! DEBUNKED a. The Bible says Israel ... Sinai is 47 days (Ex 19:1) and they arrived at the Wilderness of Sin on day 31. These devastating details never makes it into their fancy internet movies that appear so convincing to the naive. FAIL. f. Rule #1: There is no known archaeological evidence of Moses in Saudi Arabia. Rule #2: Ignore everything these Unicorn Internet ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-rephidim-meribah.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC Click on photos for high resolution Introduction: 1. Masada was founded by Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BC) probably in 78 BC a. Masada (Aramaic "metsad" = fortress) 2. There are two occupation phases for the synagogue at Masada: 78 BC - 73 AD a. 78 BC ... Josephus says that Masada fell on 15th Xanthicus AD 73 (15th Nisan) and the correct Julian date according to Parker and Dubberstein is Monday 12th April AD 73. c. Several Bible Encyclopedias use the incorrect date of 2nd May AD 73 for the fall of Masada and the mass suicide that Josephus says happened on 15th Xanthicus AD 73. i. "This garrison was soon expelled by the Zealots, who held Masada until 2 May in the year ad 73, when it was finally conquered by the Romans." (The Archaeological ... E. The amazing story the Ancient Bible texts at Masada tell: 1. Can you decipher the message from God to the Rebel Jews who rejected Christ, from the Bible texts found at Masada? a. 90 BC: Genesis 46:7-11: "Israel sold into Egyptian slavery for its ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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The Sinai Peninsula has always been Egyptian territory. in the Negev, Edom and the Arabah, the Hathor Temple of Timna provides the first archaeological evidence for actual and lengthy Egyptian control of this area." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) . 4. Bitter lakes and Port of Suez crossing were controlled by Egypt and cannot be the Red Sea crossing point. a. ... There is no wilderness area between Goshen and the Bitter Lakes or the Port of Suez because these were heavily travelled areas. b. The major caravan route started at Goshen (Tel e;-Dab'a) and passed directly by the Bitter Lakes up the coastline. c. Several Egyptian Migdol fortresses have been excavated near the Suez Canal east of Goshen. d. The Port of Suez was a major commerce and military hub. B. Bible descriptors of "in Egypt" vs. "out of Egypt": 1. The land of Goshen was considered as being "in Egypt": a. "These are the journeys of the sons of Israel, by which they came out from the land of Egypt by their armies, under the leadership of Moses and Aaron." (Numbers 33:1) b. "They ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-egypt-border-territory-sinai-peninsula-out-of-egypt.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... Ignore 100% of archaeological claims made by any of these "Unicorn Archaeologists": Ron Wyatt, Larry Williams, Bob Cornuke, David Fasold, Howard Blum, Larry Williams, Lennart Möller, Jim Caldwell, Penny Caldwell, Ryan Mauro, Andrew Jones, Joel Richardson. b. It takes more than a pocket camera and a wild imagination to do professional archeology. The sites are first century BC Nabatean c. The internet is filled with their ridiculous and false archeological claims at Mt. Lawz and Mt. Maqla and all of it should be ignored. d. This author is a professional staff archeologist at Shiloh, Israel and these men have done incredible damage to truth and made a mockery of Christianity and the Bible. ... Job was an Edomite who prophesied at the time of Abraham (2000 BC), that God would dawn on Mt. Sinai in 1446 BC i. "Out of the north comes golden splendor; Around God is awesome majesty." (Job 37:22) e. Bible verses: i. "He said, "The Lord came on Sinai, and dawned on them from Seir; He shone forth ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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Aramaic: Native language of Jesus Nobody even knew Hebrew in the first century AD except for the High priests, Scribes, Pharisees and Sadducees. d. The Twelve apostles did not even need to know Hebrew to reach the lost sheep of Israel who spoke Aramaic and Greek. e. It's ironic that when the High ... Latin: The official language of the Roman empire. 2. Evidence of first century trilingualism: a. "Today, thanks to the study of both inscriptions and archaeological data, as well as to other linguistic studies, it is accepted that in 1st century Palestine there was trilingualism." (The Septuagint in Context: Introduction to the Greek Version of the Bible, Marcos, N. Fernández, p333, 2000 AD) 3. Jesus was trilingual: a. Jesus was trilingual in that he was ... If one believes the letter of Aristeas, the Greek Pentateuch was made by Palestinian Jews for a scholarly purpose: for the library of the Ptolemaic king. As a matter of fact, however, it was probably made for the Jews living in Egypt in the 3rd c. bce. Which language ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-default-working-language-Jesus-first-century-Aramaic-Greek-Hebrew-Latin.htm

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Adad-Nirari III(810-783) The "Unknown Deliverer" of 2 Kings 13 ... ... God's two stage fulfillment of 2 Kings 13:5 over three years (799-796 BC): "The Lord gave Israel a deliverer, so that they escaped from under the hand of the Arameans; and the sons of Israel lived in their tents as formerly." a. "Several events converged at the beginning of the eighth century to catapult Israel and Judah into prominence. The defeat of Aram-Damascus by Adad-nirari III about 796 bce liberated Israel from Aramean ... Ben-hadad III is named "Mari" in three stele of Adad-nirari III: 1. Rimah Joash conquest stele, 2. Saba'a conquest stele, 3. Omri-land conquest stele "Mari" is a title of the kings of Aram applied to both Ben Hadad III on the Omri-land stele and his father of Hazael in other inscriptions. Detailed outline on Hazael, king of Aram and the "House of David" Stele found at tel Dan. This archeological object directly confirms a specific bible story where God sent Assyrian king Adad-Nirari III to deliver Israel from Ben-Hadad III (king of Arad at Damascus, son of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-king-of-Assyria-stele-inscriptions-statues-810-783bc.htm

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They're Digging up Bible Stories! At the turn of the century, skeptics viewed the Bible as myth rather than real world history . For example, the Bible makes over 40 references to the great Hittite Empire. You see, 100 years ago, no archaeological evidence had ever been found to prove it really did exist. "Just another Bible myth!" skeptics charged in an attempt ... Shishak's 187 name rings of conquered cities in Israel. In 926 BC, Shishak invades Judah and Israel in the 5th year of Rehoboam, king of Judah and Jeroboam, King of Israel. The entire campaign was etched in stone at the Karnak temple of Amun as a second witness to the Bible record. 850 BC Shalmaneser III inscriptions 9 inscriptions of Shalmaneser III mention Ahab, Jehu, Omri, Ben-Hadad II and Hazael. 841 BC Victory Stele of Hazael and the House of David inscription discovered outside the city gate of Tel Dan. The Tel Dan Stele lists 8 different kings listed in the Bible and evidences 3-5 different Bible stories that happened around 841 BC. 796 BC Josiah, Omri, ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology.htm

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The Exodus Route: Travel times, distances, rates of travel, days ... Buy "Exodus Route Restored" from Amazon by Steven Rudd Buy Discounted copy: Email Steven Rudd to order: Order discounted copy direct from author by email In AD 2005, using the Bible only, Steven Rudd noticed 42 keys to decoding the Exodus Route that indicated the Red Sea crossing was at the Straits of Tiran, Mt. Sinai was in ... They crossed the Wadi Zered at the south end of the Salt Sea and Moses spoke the words of the book of Deuteronomy at Iye-abarim. The conquest began and Israel passed directly through Dibon-gad and commenced the defeat of the Transjordan nations. While camped at Shittim (Tel Hammam) Israel mourned Moses for 30 days. In 1406 BC Israel crossed ... Although there are conflicting reports of whether Darius I completed the canal from Bubastis to the Gulf of Suez, Herodotus' report, coupled with direct archaeological evidence proves he completed it and it was in full operation in his lifetime. The cuneiform stele of Darius I dates to about 500 BC and was discovered at Kabret ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm

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Josiah, King of Judah 640-609 BC seals, bulla. They're Digging ... ... easily legible Hebrew sealings has come to light in a controlled excavation, in a clear stratigraphic context and accompanied by architectural, ceramic and historical evidence" (Shiloh 1986:16-17)." (Signed, Sealed and Delivered: An Archaeological Exposition of Jeremiah 32:1-15, Associates for Bible Research, Gordon Franz, 2010 AD) c. "The bulla of Gemariah son of Shaphan was found in the famous Area G in the City of David excavations under the supervision of Jane Cahill and David Tarler. It is part of a hoard of 51 bullae, the only collection of bullae ever found in a stratified context in Israel. The bullae were uncovered in stratum 10, the level sealed by the Babylonian conquest, so they can be securely dated to the period just before the destruction of the city in 587/586 B.C.E. Since we don't know where the collection of bullae with the names of Baruch and Yerahme'el came from, the fact that they lived just before the Babylonian destruction of the city was used to date the bullae. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-josiah-king-of-judah-hilkiah-high-priest-find-lost-book-law-of-moses-seal-bulla-640-609bc.htm

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Shiloh Israel: Master Index of Free Bible Maps of Bible Times ... Idolatry is rampant throughout Israel and the moral faithless corruption of the High Priest Eli and his two sons, is more than God can tolerate. God is about to strike Israel a huge blow at the hands of the Philistines. 3. The tabernacle of Moses has ... This was, according to various sources, the length of the cubit in the earliest times in Egypt, and also in Babylonia. Most modern Bible translations of the Book of Genesis wrongly render the size of the ark based upon an 18-inch cubit. We know from archeology that the 18 inch cubit did not come into use until the time of Hezekiah around 700 BC because the Siloam tunnel at 1200 cubits long, gives a cubit of 17.5 inches. "When preparing for my talk at the Near East Archaeological Society meeting, ... The royal cubit is known from Old Kingdom architecture dating from at least as early as the construction of the Step Pyramid of Djoser around 2,700 BCE" (The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary, Mark H. Stone, Journal of Anthropology, Volume ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-tel-shiloh-israel-archeological-excavations-associates-for-bible-research-find-a-dig-tabernacle-of-moses-cubit-20.6-inches-1399-1094BC.htm

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Lachish Letters Ostraca collection, Tablets and Inscriptions ... Ostraca, Tablets and Inscriptions of the Bible Lachish Letters Discovered in 1935 AD from an official archeological dig these ostraca were the written records of communications between the city of Lachish and the king in Jerusalem at the time ... at Tell ed-Duwêr/Tel Lachish, including Proto-Canaanite inscriptions, inscribed seals and weights, several Egyptian inscriptions, and an Aramaic inscription on a Persian-period altar (for a recent overview with bibliography, see Pardee 1997c). ... Whether this means that the documents are drafts of letters written on the site and sent elsewhere (Yadin 1981) is open to debate (Rainey 1987; Parker 1994). They are generally dated to the period before the fall of Judah (586 bce), perhaps in 589, ... stay alive.'" (Jeremiah 38:2: 589 BC) 5. "Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, "Thus says the Lord God of hosts, the God of Israel, 'If you will indeed go out to the officers of the king of Babylon, then you will live, this city will not be burned with ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/Ostraca-Lachish-Letters-Jeremiah-YHWH-Egypt-Fire-Signals-Azekah-weakening-hands-nebuchadnezzar-587BC.htm

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Shalmaneser III: Annals on Kurkh Monolith, Ahab the Israelite ... Eponymy of [governor] Daiiān-Aššur: During this period of Assyrian history, each year was named after one of the governors within the Assyrian empire. This allows us to synchronize Assyrian to Bible chronologies and generate specific historic ... Since the text ends abruptly with the last narrated event being the battle of Qarqar (853 bce), the inscription seems to date from 853-852 bce. The monument was apparently carved in great haste resulting in numerous scribal errors (Tadmor 1961a:143-144). This is quite unfortunate since the stela contains the most detailed extant account of the battle of Qarqar in which Ahab, king of Israel, participated in an alliance with other kings of the west in opposition to Shalmaneser III." (COS 2.113A) ... I stormed and captured the city.....I carried off . . . his many chariots, tamed horses, ...... I killed..... In the middle of that battle, I captured Buranate. Next, I approached the fortress of the Hattineans in the area of the Upper Sea of Amurri, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Kurkh-monolith-Ahab-Israelite-battle-Qarqar-852BC.htm

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