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A Note on an Inscription from Kuntillet Ajrud, Debra Chase ... This short form is attested in biblical Hebrew: Ps 6:4; Job 1:10; Eccl 7:22; Neh 9:6. Note also that 't appears as masculine three times: Num 11:15; Deut 5:24; Ezek 28:14. See GKC paragraph 32g. I can see no other way to interpret 't; it cannot be construed with 'mr or with ... Palestine Exploration Quarterly 81: 52-57. Meshel, Z. 1978a Kuntillet `Ajrild, An Israelite Religious Center in Northern Sinai. Expedition 20: 50-54. 1978b Kuntillet cAjrad: A Religious Centre from the Time of the Judaean Monarchy on the Border of Sinai. Jerusalem: Israel Museum. 1979 Did Yahweh Have a Consort? Biblical Archaeology Review 5: 24-35. Meshel, Z., and Meyers, C. 1976 The Name of God in the Wilderness of Zin. Biblical Archeologist 39: 6-10. Naveh, J. 1979 Graffiti and Dedications. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 235: 27-30. Pardee, D. 1978 Letters from Tel Arad. Ugarit-Forschungen 10: 289-336. Singer, S. 1976 Cache of Hebrew and Phoenician Inscriptions Found in the Desert. Biblical ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-inscription-from-kuntillet-ajrud-debra-chase-1982ad.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC ... Not only did the Canaanite pottery date to LB I, Wood documented imitation Cypriot ware that Kenyon had ignored. Kenyon never did an in-depth analysis of the pottery from the destruction layer and totally ignored the local Canaanite ... Jephthah asks Sihon why he suddenly wants the land back 300 years later and never requested such before now. "'While Israel lived in Heshbon and its villages, and in Aroer and its villages, and in all the cities that are on the banks ... In proving the exodus of 1446 BC, we can use the Jephthah to Solomon Chronology in this way: According to Judges 11:26-28, Jephthah lived 300 years after Israel crossed the Jordan which is 1100 BC. Solomon's 4th year as king was 480 years after Israel left Egypt and 140 years after Jephthah. The ... The timing of the expulsion of the Hyksos and the enslaving of Israel perfectly fits Thutmoses III as the pharaoh of. In 1657 BC the Hyksos overthrew the pharaohs of Egypt and built their palaces at Tel el-Dab'a. The Hyksos ruled for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route Second, he defines Midian, as in modern Saudi Arabia, where Jethro and the Ishmaelites lived. Eusebius says that Tamar (Thamar, Asasonthamar) is "located near the wilderness of Cades" (Kadesh Barnea). ... The Nabatean influence lasted into the Roman period of the Onomasticon. Petra was one of the Nabatean cities given autonomy about 106 A.D. with the establishment of the Roman Province of Arabia. It was a great city in the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Christians of Petra were persecuted by Diocletian. Rekem. It is also Petra, city of Arabia, "whose ruler Rocom the children of Israel killed. It is ... Eusebius and the Madaba map correctly place Gerar, but confuse its position in relation to Kadesh and Shur. Even today people misread Gen 20:2 the same way Eusebius did. Asasan Thamar (Asasonthamar). ... He has Filistine in K. 7:15, K. 21:2, K. 3:25, K. 119:3 but more often uses transliteration allofylorum (see Appendix I). It is puzzling that Eusebius places Arad near the Desert of Kadesh Barnea, but ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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Saul Hunts David. Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges ... ... Echoing the woman being cut up 250 years earlier from this same spot, Saul cuts up oxen in pieces and sends them throughout Israel as a call to war to defend the men at Jabesh-Gilead who were under attack of Moab. This is how it ... the Besor river, defeats the Amalekites and rescuses the women, children, flocks and plunders their riches. 33. David offers gifts to the cities of Bethel, Ramoth, Jattir, Aroer, Siphmoth, Eshtemoa, Racal, Hormah, Bor-ashan, Athach, Hebron. 34 Saul and Jonathan are killed on Mt. Gilboa & decapitated. ... To protect the interests of the Watchtower and God's organization, it is appropriate to tell what the world might conclude are little white lies. 38 10 11 4 D. One must use words in such a way to defend God's organization--even if ... This pre-echoes the later event when Absalom avenged Amnon for raping Tamar, at a feast when he was drunk. iii. This pre-echoes Daniel 5, when Belshazzar held a feast and died that very night after the "handwriting was on the wall". ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-1samuel-21-31-saul-david-on-the-run-1012-1004bc.htm

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Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad-Ezer II: 845 BC ... The Stele quantifies the armies: "1,200 chariots, 1,200 cavalry, 20,000 soldiers, of Hadad-ezer, of Aram ... 10,000 soldiers of Ahab, the Israelite". i. Cross and Reinhold believe that "Ezer" is the personal name for Ben-Hadad ... to Ben Hadad IV. It is possible to interpret a statement in the annals of Shalmaneser III of Assyria in such a way as to indicate that Adad-'Idri/Ben Hadad II (if they are identical), against whom the Assyrians fought so ... The latter stele is in standard Canaanite (Phoenician); the former is in a dialect related to the language of northern Israel as we know it from the Ostraca of Samaria, but not identical with it. The addition of a new inscribed stele to the two already known, is accordingly a matter of unusual archaeological ... Then he said, "Go, bring him." Then Ben-hadad came out to him, and he took him up into the chariot. Ben-hadad said to him, "The cities which my father took from your father I will restore, and you shall make streets for yourself ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Ben-Hadad-II-Melqart-Stele-Bir-Ezer-Damascene-king-Aram-1939AD-Breij-Aleppo-1Kings20-2Ki5-845BC.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... Bible probably includes the twin cities of Elephantine and Syene in two occurrences of the phrase "from Migdol to Syene" (Ez 29:10; 30:6), that is, from Egypt's northern border to its southern border. ... But the Jews needed more than permission from the Egyptian ruler to build a temple. According to Israelite tradition, foreign soil was impure soil. From Joshua to the prophets to the Babylonian exiles, it was understood that cultic activities should not be performed outside the land of Israel. When the cured Aramean leper Naaman wanted to worship YHWH in his homeland, he took with him two ... have tended to regard the cult of Yahu at Elephantine as a syncretistic mixture of Yahwism and Canaanite (especially northern Canaanite) cults of Bethel, Anat-Bethel, Eshem, Eshem-Bethel, Herem-Bethel ... Written three years after the events, it narrates in vivid detail what happened in 410. With the collusion of the local Persian authorities, Egyptian soldiers from Syene forced their way into the temple, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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The theme of the rejected blessing of the firstborn given to ... ... The firstborn men had to be redeemed: ""Now when the Lord brings you to the land of the Canaanite, as He swore to you and to your fathers, and gives it to you, you shall devote to the Lord the first ... "Esau said, "Behold, I am about to die; so of what use then is the birthright to me?"" (Genesis 25:32) "Then Jacob gave Esau bread and lentil stew; and he ate and drank, and rose and went on his way. ... will befall you in the days to come. "Gather together and hear, O sons of Jacob; And listen to Israel your father. "Reuben, you are my firstborn; My might and the beginning of my strength, ... "Now Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. But Er, Judah's firstborn, was evil in the sight of the Lord, so the Lord took his life." (Genesis 38:6-7) "It came about at the ... because you have been faithful in a very little thing, you are to be in authority over ten cities.'" (Luke 19:16-17) ii. "'He who overcomes, and he who keeps My deeds until the end, to him I ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-Bible-Stolen-blessing-Jacob-Esau-Pattern-theme-firstborn-rejected-blessings-given-to-secondborn-Christ-Christians.htm

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Security of Bulla and Seals Judah Israel. Creation of ancient ... Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site excavations. ... Fire burns the documents and strings but the clay bulla are "fired" and therefore transformed from clay into pottery in exactly the same way a potter puts his dried clay creations into a kiln. b. Archeologically we ... This Egyptian origin would have come to Jerusalem via Canaanite tradition. The task of this figure of marking those who were to be spared the judgement with a sign was undoubtedly given by earlier Israelite tradition. Marking a person first of all identified him as the property of another (Ex 21:6*). Daube raises the question whether or not the law of ... We may also question whether there were not, in the priestly atonement ritual in Israel, occurrences of such "marking" of someone to whom Yahweh had shown mercy, analogous to the mouth-cleansing rite which must lie ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-bulla-seals-security-creation-manufacture-of-ancient-legal-documents-sealed-papyrus-paper-rolled-folded-tied-string-knots-rosa-Terra-Rossa-clay-soil-israel-judah.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... This proves that these Nabatean cities located in the Judean Negev were not part of Arabia or controlled by the King at Petra but were vassal cities under the Maccabeans in Judean territory. Elusa ... map, Elusa is marked at a distance of 24 Roman miles from Oboda and 71 from Jerusalem, on the way from Haila (=Aila=Elat)." (AYBC, Elusa) Libanius Ep. 101, 132, 532, 536 Medaba map Advat, Oboda ... 3, p24, 2014 AD) "Rehovot-in-the-Negev, Khirbet Ruheibeh, Betomolachon: "Site in the Negev, 35 km southwest of Beersheva, on the road between Elusa and Nessana, in southern Israel (see map 22, A7). ... Today there is a garrison (Roman fort) of soldiers there." (Eusebius, Onomasticon 8:8) Iordan, Jordan, Arad: This was a Judean city beside the area of Arabia Iordan or Jordan is an unknown city which ... During this Persian period Arabia included Rameses/Avaris at Tel el-Dab'a, Pithom at Tel Retaba and the Wadi Tumilat. The Septuagint translators in 282 BC called Goshen "Arabia" because of the large ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs 100 BC: 70 Weeks of Daniel ... And I and Simeon hid ourselves behind the town, and seized upon the heights, and utterly destroyed the whole city. 7. And the next day it was told us that the cities of the two kings with a great host ... We came upon them therefore with wrath, and they all fled; and passing by another way, they besought my father, and he made peace with them, and we did to them no hurt, but made a truce with them, and ... And when I knew what she had done, I cursed her in the anguish of my soul, and she also died in the wickedness of her sons. 12. And after these things, while Tamar was a widow, she heard after two ... For I said, Lest haply she did it in subtlety, and received the pledge from another woman: but I came near her no more till my death, because I had done this abomination in all Israel. Moreover, they ... concerning Bilhah, the wife of my father, the spirits of jealousy and of fornication arrayed themselves within me, until I fell before Bathshua the Canaanite, and Tamar who was espoused to my sons. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Testament-of-the-Twelve-Patriarchs-Chronology-Daniel9-70-weeks-490-years-Star-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-100BC.htm

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Quattuordecim (XIV): Ezra Translated the Paleo-Hebrew manuscripts ... ... "There is no doubt that this distinct version of the Israelite Samaritan Torah originated during the most ancient period of the people of Israel." (The Israelite Samaritan version of the Torah, ... "Whereupon Ezra used deceit to obtain an ancient torn Torah from a man who was one of the community of the children of Israel who were Keepers of the Truth... Ezra altered many things in the text of ... The Samaritan Chronicle Adler correctly identifies Ezra as being involved in some significant way based upon some ancient Samaritan tradition but the details may have been lost over time. Since all ... Likewise in his days there lived in the land of Greece a wise philosopher named Hippocrates and also another wise man of the community of the children of Israel who were Keepers in the cities of ... Now the Canaanite was then in the land. The Lord appeared to Abram and said, "To your descendants I will give this land." So he built an altar there to the Lord who had appeared to him." (Genesis ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Quattuordecim-Ezra-translates-Bible-manuscripts-Paleo-Hebrew-Masoretic-Aramaic-square-corrupted-deliberate-anti-Samaritan-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Joshuas-Altar-458BC.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... the textual history of the LXX due to the Greek fragments discussed and due to the Hebrew texts discovered there, related in one way or another with the Vorlage used by the Greek translators. ... of God," but the LXX translates it "angels of God" by the LXX, as in Genesis 6:4 (margin); Job 1:6; 2:1; and 38:7. The Masoretic Text reads, "according to the number of the children of Israel." (cf. ... He suggested that part of the fragments were delivered to Qumran by Jews who preferred isolated life in the desert over life in the big cities, and part were written by them in the desert. It should ... In general, it can be said that any claim against either of the two groups as having changed the original text should be postponed until discovery of the original text." (The Israelite Samaritan ... And nothing leavened shall be eaten. "On this day in the month of Abib, you are about to go forth. "It shall be when the Lord brings you to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic.htm

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Oldest Old Testament Bible manuscripts: Qumran | Wadi Murabba ... ... the textual history of the LXX due to the Greek fragments discussed and due to the Hebrew texts discovered there, related in one way or another with the Vorlage used by the Greek translators. ... of God," but the LXX translates it "angels of God" by the LXX, as in Genesis 6:4 (margin); Job 1:6; 2:1; and 38:7. The Masoretic Text reads, "according to the number of the children of Israel." (cf. ... He suggested that part of the fragments were delivered to Qumran by Jews who preferred isolated life in the desert over life in the big cities, and part were written by them in the desert. It should ... In general, it can be said that any claim against either of the two groups as having changed the original text should be postponed until discovery of the original text." (The Israelite Samaritan ... And nothing leavened shall be eaten. "On this day in the month of Abib, you are about to go forth. "It shall be when the Lord brings you to the land of the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Amorite, the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-oldest-manuscripts-Bible-Ancient-copies-Dead-Sea-Scrolls-Qumran-Masada-Nahal-Hever-Nahal-Seelim-Wadi-Murabbaat-Masoretic-Greek-Hebrew-Aramaic

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Sinai and Palestine, in connection with their history: Kadesh ... ... Way of Petra. Here they are most numerous, the rock is honey-combed with cavities of all shapes and sizes, and through these you advance till the defile once more opens, and you see-strange and unexpected sight!-with tombs ... KADESH. With the departure from Sinai, or at least from Hazeroth, the geographical interest of the Israelite history almost ceases till the arrival in the table-lands of Moab, and the first beginning of the conquest. Not only ... It is probably the old oracular "Spring of Judgment," mentioned as existing in the earliest times of Canaanite history ;' as if, like Mount Sinai itself, it had an ancient sakctity before the host of Israel encamped within its precincts. The encampment there is also distinct in character from any other in the wilderness, ... Is there any place to which these indications correspond? Possibly, if the country were thoroughly explored, there might be found several in the deserted cities of Edom, known only to the very few travellers who have entered ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-arthur-penrhyn-stanley-sinai-and-palestine-in-connection-with-their-history-1856ad.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... They were no more "Sabbath keepers" than the animals within the gates of the Jews, who also rested/ceased. Imagine a Gentile merchant who wants to load the goods he purchased from an Israelite ... AUTHORS: God made no covenant with any other nation but Israel. The Law of Moses specified what was to happen within the territorial boundaries of His nation, Israel. The concept of national ... The law also prevented the Jew from using the Gentiles among them as proxy workers. Brendan draws a conclusion then that goes way beyond the confines stated in Scripture regarding the Gentiles who ... However, they also provide evidence we are talking about that the language used during the time of the Judges had not yet evolved completely into Ancient Hebrew. Inscriptions dug up in cities dated to ... A primitive form of what might possibly be a precursor to Ancient Hebrew appears to have begun to emerge from the Canaanite family of languages not long before the time of King David. This ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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REFUTED: Full-Preterist, "Realized Eschatology", "AD 70 doctrine ... ... in shock and horror that Peter speaks of the "coming of Christ with power" in the PAST TENSE. This really messes up their "law of consistency in defining every Bible phrase in the identical way. a. ... Fear and terror. 3. The language of these five New Testament texts are identical to the language used in the Old Testament of cities and nations destroyed in the past. a. Babylon 539 BC: Isaiah 13:6-13 b. Egypt: 568 BC: Isaiah 19:1 c. Edom 550 BC: Isaiah 34:4-5 d. Egypt: 568 BC: Ezekiel 30:3-4 e. Egypt: 568 BC: Ezekiel 32:7-8 f. Israel/Samaria 723 BC: Amos 5:18-20 g. Israel/Samaria 723 BC: Amos ... be stigmatized in a negative stereotype, so too was Jesus for being from the town of Nazareth. Even Nathaniel, the "Israelite in whom is no guile" commented, "can any good thing come from Nazareth". ... I was in Jerusalem on an archeological excavation and was staying at the Yad Hashmona kibbutz high atop the cliffs with a perfect view of the sunset and Tel Aviv. Jeru was sending a live video feed to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Refuted-Full-Preterism-Realized-eschatology-debunked-exposed-second-coming-Parousia-rapture-destruction-Jerusalem-70AD-Doctrine-Revelation-Commentary.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla "The rebellion to restore the throne of David on earth." Bulla of Gedaliah who is over the house (Jeremiah chapters 39-44) Bible Bullae from Israel and Judah Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judea in 587 BC ... Archaeology is an important science that confirms the historical accuracy of the Bible. Since the Bible refers to hundreds of cities, kings, and places, we would expect to find evidence from on-site ... "Thus says the Lord, "Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death. "He who dwells in this city will die by the sword and by famine and by pestilence; but he who goes out and falls ... Gedaliah was proclaimed governor at Mitzpa Mitzpa was the first capital city of the new line of Israelite kings that lasted 465 years (1052-587 BC) Mitzpa was the first capital city of the new line of ... 22:3, 8-12)." (ISBE, Rule of Gedaliah, Volume 2, Page 919, 1979 AD) Since this seal was found at tel Mizpah, it seems obvious to associate this Jaazaniah with the Gedaliah the first governor of Judah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... Quibbling over whether the paved track existed or not is irrelevant because we know for certain the quarried marble was transported in some way to the workshop below were the unfinished Nabatean marble columns lay abandoned. The Saudi report ... The author excavated one of the largest first century cities (Ephraim of John 11) in Israel at Khirbet el-Maqatir until the site closed in AD 2016. The site today is barely recognizable compared to what was documented on top plans in high detail. There is no excuse for ... Since the L-shaped installation was Nabatean, Mampsis a Nabatean city, provides an excellent comparative for contemporary room sizes. Mampsis or Mamshit, is located 35 km SE of Beersheba, 30 km SW of Arad, 27 km west of the Salt Sea and 25 km ... part of the 18th Dynasty, the Egyptian chariot was "exactly like the Canaanite chariot" both were constructed of light flexible wood, with leather straps wrapped around the wood to strengthen it, and both utilized wheels with four spokes. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... At the time of the excavation, it seemed that one body only had been placed in the burial chamber without any covering ; the firm sand found above it was drift sand that had in-filtrated through the roof. However, examination of the bones by Dr N. Haas of Tel ... and brass in abundance without weight and Chronicles I 18: 8 ; 'Likewise from Tibhath, and from Chun, cities of Hadarezer [King of Zobah], brought David very much brass, wherewith Solomon made the brazen sea, and the pillars and the vessel of brass . ... It therefore seems plausible to conclude that some of the battles between the Israelite tribes on their way to the Promised Land and the Amalekites, their arch enemies, must have taken place around these settlements and fortresses. It appears also most likely that the destruction of many of the fortresses and settlements was actually caused by the continuous struggle carried on during most of the Kingdom of Israel between Amalekites and Israelites. Amalekites were still ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... in the same general areas also subject to the dynasts reigning in specific cities; documents bear oaths sworn in the joint names of such 'complementary' rulers, for example (Yuhong and Dalley 1990). ... The one seeming exception to an entirely northern locale is the land of Meru, in EA 288:26. Here, Abdi-Khepa, ruler of Jerusalem, claims: 'I was at war (all the way) from the land of Sheru (up) to ... In High, Middle and Low, Part 1, ed. P. Astrom. Gothenburg: Astrom, 37-55. 1988 Review of Ahituv, Canaanite Toponyms in Ancient Egyptian Documents. CdE 63:102-111. 1989 Supplementary Notes on the ... Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press. Loud, G. 1939 The Megiddo Ivories. Chicago. Miller, J.M. 1977 The Israelite Occupation of Canaan. In Israelite and Judean History, eds. J.H. Hayes ... Worschech, U. 1986 The Fourth Season in the North-West Ard el-Kerak, and Soundings at Balu`. ADAJ 30:285-310. 1990 Die Beziehungen Moabs zu Israel und Agypten in der Eisenzeit: Siedlungsarchtiologisch... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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Comparison list of 75 Joseph/Christ Shadows, Types, Antitypes ... ... When the famine ended, the Hebrews were land rich and prosperous. Only Joseph (and the Hebrews) and Pharaoh owned land. Add to this that Goshen, (Avaris, Tel el Dab’a) is at the starting point of the “Way of Horus” which was the main trading road between Egypt up the coast to Byblos ... has gained the victory. (201) But when he appeared to have gained ability to behold God, his name was changed to Israel, and then he uses only the computation of seventy, having extirpated the number five, the number of the outward ... These are thirty-three. (180) Rachel had two sons, the one of whom, Joseph, had two sons also, Manasses and Ephraim. The other, Benjamin, had ten sons—Bolau, Bacchar, Asabel, Geras, Naaman, Jes, Ros, Momphis, Opphis, Arad. These ... Judah [Greek: Judas] was the father of Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez was the father of Hezron, and Hezron the father of Ram." (Matthew 1:2–3) 19. Sold for slave price in pieces of silver (20p in 1900 BC, 30p in 33 AD, inflation) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-Joseph-types-Christ-Shadows-Antitypes-similarities-comparisons-2166-1876BC.htm

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Tamar, Hazazon-tamar, Tamara/Thamara and Tamdar Syria "And adjoining the territory of Gad to the south, the boundary shall run from Tamar to the waters of Meribah-kadesh, from there along the Brook of Egypt to the Great Sea." Ezekiel 48:28 Click to View Introduction: The southern border of Israel is stated in: Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28. There quite a bit of confusion trying to separate out the names of these cities. We have determined that there are three distinct places: 1. Tamar/Tamdar Syria. 2. Hazazon-tamar (engedi). 3. Tamara/Thamara A. Tamar: (Arabah Valley) This Tamar must be located in the Arabah Valley. The exact location is unknown. ... But they are not. Of course it is curious that the text does say, "in the land" and that seems to imply it was in the land of Israel. This makes sense, since David controlled, as part of Israel, all the way to the Euphrates. Hamath-zobah is a combination of two different kingdoms conquered by David and Solomon: Hamath + Zobah = Hamath-zobah. It is clear that "Tadmor in the wilderness" is near the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-tamar-tamdar-in-the-wilderness-palmya-syria-thamara-tamara-en-haseva.htm

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609 BC: Arad Ostraca #88: Jehoiakim is appointed king of Judah ... ... Arad ostracon 88 is a provenanced surface find but it is unprovenienced. The ostracon was discovered by Israel Sommer in 1974 when we walked the entire site and randomly picked up surface pottery and putting all the pieces into a single bag without marking where each piece was found on tel Arad. Later that day at Engedi, Israel Sommer washed his pottery and only then discovered the inscription on the broken pottery sherd which became Arad ostracon 88. So while Arad ostraca 88 is "unprovenienced" (lacking 3 a ... The king of Egypt did not come out of his land again, for the king of Babylon had taken all that belonged to the king of Egypt from the brook of Egypt to the river Euphrates." (2 Kings 24:6-7) This was the situation of Egypt at the time Zedekiah was appointed king by Nebuchadnezzar three months after Jeconiah was made king after the deportation of Jehoiakim. There is no reason at all for Zedekiah to reference Egypt in any way in his announcement to he is king. Jehoiakim IS THE ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad88-letters-Jehoiakim-Judah-appointed-king-by-Pharoah-Neco-II-Egypt-2Kings23-34-I-became-king-in-all-the-land-be-strong-609bc.htm

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830 BC: Ostraca of Elisha found in the home town of Elisha (Abel ... Ostraca of Elisha found in the home town of Elisha (Abel-meholah): 830 BC Elisha of Abel-meholah: 1 Kings 19:15-17 Tel Rehov Apiary: excavation site name for Biblical Abel-meholah "The Lord said to Elijah [at Mt. Sinai], "Go, return on your way to the wilderness of Damascus, and when you have arrived, you shall anoint Hazael king over Aram; and Jehu the son of Nimshi you shall anoint king over Israel; and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel-meholah you shall anoint as prophet in your place." (1 Kings 19:15-16) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! Tel Rehov provides 3 Bible keys: 1. Tel Rehov is identified as Biblical ... Bronze blades, arrow heads, and a sickle. I. Excavation of Tel Rehov as biblical Abel-Meholah: 1. The Onomasticon of Eusebius: 325 AD a. The Onomasticon is an ancient dictionary of Bible places and cities. b. The Madaba Map was based upon Eusebius' Onomasticon. 2. Name ring of Pharaoh Shishak: Rehov a. See full outline on Shishak's list of 187 cities on the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Elisha-Tel-Rehov-Abel-meholah-1Kings19-16-hometown-apiary-honey-factory-830bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: Goshen and Ramses journeyed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the next day after the Passover the sons of Israel started out boldly in the sight of all the Egyptians," (Numbers 33:3) Click to View 3. Ballah lake and Timsah lake cannot be the Red Sea crossing site because they are inside Goshen: a. ... It is impossible for the Hebrews to be trapped at these freshwater lakes. 4. Even the Bitter lakes are so close to Goshen that the Hebrews would be used regularly by the Hebrews as a commercial fishing center. B. Sites inside Goshen occupied by Hebrews: 1. Land of Goshen: a. The land of Goshen extended far east of Tel el-Dab'a all the way to the ... During the Greek kingdom when the Septuagint was translated, the Arabians continued to populate the land of Goshen around the Wadi Tumilat. It is not surprising that the Hebrew translators made anachronistic substitutions to reflect the contemporary reality of Arabian control of key trade route cities like Heliopolis. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-goshen.htm

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Three 3 Promises to Abraham fulfilled Joshua 20:7-9 lists six cities of refuge - Kadesh, Shechem, Hebron, Bezer, Ramoth, and Golan. c. Therefore God gave them all the land and premillennialism is utterly refuted! 4. Plain Bible passages say that Israel got all the land promised Abraham: a. "So the Lord gave Israel all the land which He had ... And the Lord gave them rest on every side, according to all that He had sworn to their fathers, and no one of all their enemies stood before them; the Lord gave all their enemies into their hand. Not one of the good promises which the Lord had made to the house of Israel failed; all came to pass. " (Joshua 21:43-45) b. "Now behold, today I am going the way of all the earth, and you know in ... Neh 9:8 And Thou didst find Abraham's heart faithful before Thee, and didst make a covenant with him to give him the land of the Canaanite, of the Hittite and the Amorite, of the Perizzite, the Jebusite, and the Girgashite-- to give it to his descendants. And Thou hast fulfilled Thy promise, for Thou ... ... https://www.bible.ca/d-3-promises-to-abraham.htm

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Jordan River source, headwater, tel Dan Paneas, Caesarea philipi ... Elijah/Elisha parted the Jordan and crossed on dry ground. Naaman was cleansed of leprosy. Place of John the Baptist and Jesus was baptized See also: Jeroboam's pagan temple at the headwaters of Tel Dan. Introduction: The Jordan River is the primary water supply for Israel. Since the River derives its name from the tribe of Dan, it proves that the book of Genesis, Numbers and ... Dan used 2 times: Gen 14:14; Deut 34:1 Luz: Renamed "Bethel" by Jacob in Gen 28:19 between 2006 -1886 BC Bethel used 4 times: Genesis 12:8; 13:3 Zephath: Renamed Hormah by the tribes of Judah and Simeon in 1399 BC in Judges 1:17 Hormah used 5 times in Num 14:45; Deut 1:44; Josh 12:14; 15:30: 19:4 Mamre, ... Where else was it fitting that he should baptize, who was sent as a messenger before the face of the Christ, to prepare His way before Him, but at the House of preparation?" (Origin, commentary on john Comm. John 6:24, 225 AD) b. The story of Israel crossing Jordan under Joshua is typical of Christian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jordan-river-down-from-dan-headwaters-source-mt-herrmon-tel-dan-caesarea-philipi-paneas-temple-of-pan-salt-dead-sea-1340bc.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... During the time of Abraham Hebrew was a spoken language with no writing script of any kind or alphabet. The first record of Hebrew script is the signet ring seal Judah gave Tamar as a pledge in Gen 38. Legal contracts at this time were based upon ... After Hebrew went extinct about 300 BC a fourth Hebrew alphabet was invented by the Masoretes in 600-900 AD that added vowels for the first time. This fourth Hebrew alphabet is known as "Masoretic Hebrew" and is used today in modern Israel starting ... The only group using true Hebrew in the first century AD were the Jerusalem temple elites (high priest and Sadducees). Their public religious services were not understood by the masses the same way Catholic Latin mass in the USA is. The people watch ... There is no evidence of any script during the patriarchal age. c. In 1859 BC, Jacob died and Ephraim and Manasseh moved to Goshen (Avaris, Tel Dab'a) d. Up to this point, the Hebrews had no written script but were "verbal only" much like the current ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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796 BC: Omri Stele inscription of Adad-Nirari III (810-783) found ... It refers to Israel (ie the ten northern tribes) as "Omri-land", since Omri was the one who founded the city of Samaria and made it the capital city of "Israel". 3. Bible kings indirectly referenced in the stele include: a. Jehoash (Joash) king of Israel/Samaria [Omri-land] b. Ben-Hadad-III (Mari) king of Damascus 4. Inscription on Stone Slab found at Calah (Nimrod): 796 BC a. Calah is one of four ancient cities ... "Mari" is a title of the kings of Aram applied to both Ben Hadad III on the Omri-land stele and his father of Hazael in other inscriptions. Detailed outline on Hazael, king of Aram and the "House of David" Stele found at tel Dan. This archeological object directly confirms a specific bible story where God sent Assyrian king Adad-Nirari III to deliver Israel from Ben-Hadad III (king of Arad at Damascus, son of Hazael) in 2 Kings 13:5. "So the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and He gave them continually into the hand of Hazael king of Aram, and into the hand of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Omri-land-stele-Amurru-Tyre-Sidon-Jehoash-Joash-Israel-Samaria-Edom-Palestine-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Damascus-Calah-Nimrod-796bc.htm

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Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... One may dispute its significance and the identity of the makers, but one cannot ignore the fact that Negev ware is a distinctly regional phenomenon, never appearing in the Beersheba Valley sites, whether early (Arad, Esdar, Beersheba, Masos) or late (Arocer, Ira, Uzza, Kitmit). I agree with the attribution of Negev ware to the southern desert nomads, and ... It therefore seems plausible to conclude that some of the battles between the Israelite tribes on their way to the Promised Land and the Amalekites, their arch enemies, must have taken place around these settlements and fortresses. It appears also most likely that the destruction of many of the fortresses and settlements was actually caused by the continuous struggle carried on during most of the Kingdom of Israel between Amalekites and Israelites. Amalekites were still reported as settlers in the Negev Mountains as late as the time of Hezekiah, King of Judah. In 1 Chronicles 4:42-43 we find the latest date for Amalekite ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm

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Kingdom of David: Fulfills Abraham's land Promise 1003-1001 BC ... ... the way of all the earth, and you know in all your hearts and in all your souls that not one word of all the good words which the Lord your God spoke concerning you has failed; all have been fulfilled for you, not one of them has failed. "It shall come about that just as all the good words which the Lord your God spoke to you have come upon you, so the Lord will bring upon you all the threats, until He has destroyed you from off this good land which the Lord your God has given you. " (Joshua 23:14-15) Josh 24:28 Then Joshua dismissed the people, each to his inheritance. Neh 9:8 And Thou didst find Abraham's heart faithful before Thee, and didst make a covenant with him to give him the land of the Canaanite, of the Hittite and the Amorite, of the Perizzite, the Jebusite, and the Girgashite-- to give it to his descendants. And Thou hast fulfilled Thy promise, for Thou art righteous. The 6 cities of Refuge prove the land promise was fulfilled: i. For example, God said that if Israel got ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-2samuel8-1chronicles18-david-fulfills-abrahams-land-promise-997-995bc.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... ... Old maps reveal that the site is a crossroads of desert tracks: one leads from Gaza through Kadesh-Barnea to Eilat; another traverses the Sinai along the Wadi Quraiya; and a third branches off to the south via Temed, a well-known way station in later times, to the center of southern Sinai. The site was discovered by the famous English ... After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. This new date identified the site as the southernmost outpost of the Judean kingdom, and it became a prime candidate for excavation. A few years later I led the archaeological expedition to Kuntillet Ajrud on behalf of Tel Aviv University (Institutes of Archaeology, and of Nature Conservation Research); the Israel Department of Antiquity; the Department for Holy-Land Studies in the Kibbutz Movement, and the Israel Exploration Society. The top of the hill ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria 858-824 BC inscriptions Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria 858-824 BC Ahab the Israelite, Jehoram, Jehu house of Omri, Ben-Hadad II, Hazael, Tyre, Sidon Six wars between Assyria vs. Aram Bible Inscriptions of Shalmaneser III Ahab, Jehu, Omri, Ben-Hadad II, Hazael, Tyre, Sidon King of Assyria 858-824 BC Kurkh Monolith Basalt Statue Black Obelisk Twin ... of Israel son of Hazael, was at its most severe.22 The clash at Ramoth-gilead (1 only a short while after the battle of Qarqar (853), had its origins in Ben-to keep his promise to Ahab and return the cities annexed from Israel years: 'And Ben-hadad said unto him, The cities, which my father father, I will restore.. .' (1 Kings 20:34). ... Assur" (Kurkh Monolith, Column 1 lines 1-12) Shalmaneser ... sought out by the gods, favorite of Enlil, vigilant viceroy of Assur, honored prince who finds his way among the most difficult paths, who walks on the tops of mountains and highlands far and near ... who goes about, trusting in Assur and Shamash, his divine ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Ahab-Jehu-Omri-Hazael-Ben-Hadad-II-858-824BC.htm

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Amalek and the Amalekites ... Hazazon-tamar." Genesis 14:7 "Timna was a concubine of Esau's son Eliphaz and she bore Amalek to Eliphaz. These are the sons of Esau's wife Adah. ... These are the chiefs of the sons of Esau. The sons of Eliphaz, the firstborn of Esau, are chief Teman, chief Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, chief Korah, chief Gatam, chief Amalek. These are the chiefs descended from Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Adah." Genesis 36:12,15-16 "Then Amalek came and fought against Israel at ... Numbers 13:29 ""Now the Amalekites and the Canaanites live in the valleys; turn tomorrow and set out to the wilderness by the way of the Red Sea. ... For the Amalekites and the Canaanites will be there in front of you, and you will fall by the sword, inasmuch as you have turned back from following the Lord. And the Lord will not be with you. ... Then the Amalekites and the Canaanites who lived in that hill country came down, and struck them and beat them down as far as Hormah. Numbers ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-amalekites.htm

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Rapture Refuted! Israel's 1948 nationhood does not fulfill Bible ... Not one of the good promises which the Lord had made to the house of Israel failed; all came to pass. " (Joshua 21:43-45) 2. "Now behold, today I am going the way of all the earth, and you know in all your hearts and in all your souls that not one word of all the good words which the Lord your God ... a covenant with him to give him the land of the Canaanite, of the Hittite and the Amorite, of the Perizzite, the Jebusite, and the Girgashite-- to give it to his descendants. And Thou hast fulfilled Thy promise, for Thou art righteous. 8. Jer 11:5 "in order to confirm the oath which I swore to your forefathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey, as it is this day." Then I answered and said, "Amen, O LORD." 9. So it is simply apostate theology to say that God did not give Israel all the land promised to Abraham. B. The 6 cities of Refuge prove the land promise was fulfilled: 1. For example, God said that if Israel got all the land promised, then they would have six cities ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/premillennialism-rapture-replacement-theology-supersessionism-three-promises-abraham-fulfilled-israel-god-land-joshua-solomon.htm

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Map of the Twelve Tribes of Israel Joshua divides the land 1400 ... Map of the Twelve Tribes of Israel: 1400 BC Joshua Divides the Land for the Twelve Tribes of Israel The boundaries of the 12 sons of Jacob. The six City-state empires of the Amorites and Philistines Notes: A. Here is another satellite image map of ... B. The precision of this map of boundaries is probably the most accurate available of any map of its kind. 1. The reason is that we have used the latest satellite technology and GPS tagging to not only create the map but to place the cities and ... Ashkelon is also a huge ancient city that has one of two in situ clay brick arched city gates (the other is at Tel Dan). d. Ex 13:17-18; Deut 2:23; Josh 11:22; 13:2-3; Judges 1:18-19; 3:1-3 F. Text of Joshua 15:1 - 19:41 "Now the lot for the tribe of ... Beth-pelet, and Hazar-shual and Beersheba and Biziothiah, Baalah and Iim and Ezem, and Eltolad and Chesil and Hormah, and Ziklag and Madmannah and Sansannah, and Lebaoth and Shilhim and Ain and Rimmon; in all, twenty-nine cities with their villages. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/maps/bible-maps-master-index-borders-twelve-12-tribes-israel-promised-land-joshua13-22-conquest-1400BC.htm

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Anglo/British-Israelism: A DETAILED REFUTATION ... By the evolution theory they try to make a monkey out of a man, and by this British theory they are trying to make an Israelite out of an Englishman! But look at his line of descent. Even his Davidic throne has Hamitic links. Wilhelm of Germany is alleged to be Hamite, while George V. of England, his cousin, is alleged to be an Israelite. King George is known to have more Teutonic than Anglo-Saxon blood. His throne inheres in a ... Here are the very ones who the Anglo-Israelists say were "Israel"-and they were there. But they tell us only the Jews were there-not Israel at all. They are dead wrong. In 713 B.C., during the reign of Hezekiah, Sennacherib, king of Assyria, invaded Judah, took all the fenced cities-2 Kings 18:3-and carried the captives to Assyria. But that is where the ten tribes were-in Assyria. So in this way both Judah and Israel were in Assyria. Later, the proclamation of Cyrus- Ezra 1:13-gave "all the opportunity to return, and all who wanted to return but were not able ... ... https://www.bible.ca/pre-british-israelism-foy-wallace.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... ... most important desert routes in antiquity: (1) the Way of Shur, leading from Edom and the Aravah down to Egypt; and (2) the way from Eilat and the Central Negev to Arad and Hebron. The springs of Ein el-Qudeirat are the richest and most abundant in the Sinai; they water the largest oasis in northern Sinai. The site today is remarkably lovely, with acre after acre of fruit and nut trees cultivated by the local Bedouin. The tell was resurveyed several times since Woolley and Lawrence studied it—by Nelson Glueck, by Roland de Vaux, and by Yohanan Aharoni. In 1956, the first excavations were carried out by Moshe Dothan, and between 1976-1979, I led five seasons of excavations at Ein el-Qudeirat on behalf of Israel's Department of Antiquities and Museums. Ein el-Qudeirat had three fortresses: (built and destroyed three times) Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... ... Hence Kadesh-Barnea and its fortress were not a factor in developing connections between Israel and Judah and Kuntillet 'Ajrud beyond the fact that Kadesh-Barnea formed an oasis along the desert route. This strengthens the conclusion that Kuntillet 'Ajrud was a unique place, and is a factor that should be taken ... It is rectangular, with four corner rooms protruding outward (resembling "towers") and with indirect entry from a small eastern vestibule. The plan initially seems to resemble a small fortress, similar in appearance to the Israelite citadel-with-towers found at Kadesh-barnea, Arad, and `Uza. Structure A differs, however, in a number of important respects: it lacks ... The plastered stone benches take up most of the area, with only a narrow passage remaining between them, suggesting that the main function of the room is to be associated with the benches, not the passage-way. An additional function is suggested by the manner in which the wings of the bench room are connected to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm

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796 BC Al Rimah Joash Conquest Stele of Adad-Nirari III, King ... I received the tribute of Joash (Iu'asu), the Samaritan, (and) of the people of Tyre (and) Sidon. ... At that time I decreed for Nergal-eris, governor, the land of Hindanu." (Adad-Nirari III, Tel Al-Rimah Stele, 796 BC) Click to View Digging up Bible stories! The Rimah ... About the two Israeli kings: Jehoahaz king of Israel 814-798 BC was made the promise of the deliverer in 2 Ki 13:5 Joash (Jehoash) was king of Israel 798-782 BC who had continued back and forth warfare with Ben-hadad III, king of Aram (son of Hazael). Three times Joash defeated Ben-hadad III, each time recovering the cities and territories of Samaria First: 796 BC: Hazael, Ben-Hadad III's father, had taken the land of Samaria but when Hazael ... Page suggests that since no verse in the Old Testament records either Adad-nirari's intervention in Damascus or tribute given to the Assyrian monarch by Joash (or Jehoahaz for that matter), the Israelite king (Joash) took his chance by siding with the Assyrians when the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-inscriptions-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-Rimah-Conquest-Stele-Samshi-Adad-V-Shalmaneser-III-tribute-Mari-Ben-Hadad-III-Joash-king-Israel-Samaria-Nergal-eris-796bc.htm

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The Amarna Letters and tablets 1406 - 1340 BC. Conquest of Joshua ... Choosing to arrange the 382 Amarna by numbering them 1-382, where 1 is in the north and 382 is in the south. The conquest happened south to north and if I had my way, I would renumber them the other way so the basic sequence of numbers matches the events of the conquest in the book of Joshua. The Hebrew conquest of Canaan under the command of Joshua took exactly eight years to complete (1407-1399 BC) but it wasn't until 1404 BC that Joshua began the conquest of southern Israel, followed by the ... are about the Hebrews taking possession of the land of Canaan shortly after they crossed the Jordan under the command of Joshua. 4. Jabin king of Hazor and Sidon were capital cities of states with smaller surrounding cities under their rule: a. ... Evidently in Ramesses' time Qishon was under the control of the king of Hazor, who again was named Jabin (Govier 1994:2). (Jabin, King Of Hazor, Bryant G. Wood, Bible and Spade, p85, 1995 AD) e. "While the title of a Canaanite chieftain was "man" ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-amarna-tablets-letters-akhenaten-habiru-abiru-hebrews-1404-1340bc.htm

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The Exodus Route: Travel times, distances, rates of travel, days ... ... The conquest began and Israel passed directly through Dibon-gad and commenced the defeat of the Transjordan nations. While camped at Shittim (Tel Hammam) Israel mourned Moses for 30 days. In 1406 BC Israel crossed the Jordan on the 10th day of the 1st month of the 41st year ... The echo-ritual "curses and blessings ceremony" of Deut 27-28 were spoken across the valley to each of the six tribes on each side. From 1406-1400 BC Israel first defeated the northern Amorite Pentapolis, then second, the southern Amorite Pentapolis. They were unable to defeat the five Philistine Pentapolis cities (Ex 13:17-18; Deut 2:23; Josh 11:22; 13:2-3; Jud 1:18-19; 3:1-3) until the time of David. The Philistines had restricted ... Standard daily travel rates in ancient times are therefore irrelevant. a. "The Lord was going before them in a pillar of cloud by day to lead them on the way, and in a pillar of fire by night to give them light, that they might travel by day and by night. He did not take away the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm

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Beidha, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea: mass food production ... PPN sites sites are dated to 6500 BC strictly because of the lack of pottery, yet this is clearly mistaken because PPN is contemporaneous all the way down to the Iron age. There have always been isolated sites that never used pottery and it is a ... Solutions to this problem might be found in the fact that Israel drank miraculously supplied water and manna all the time they were at Kadesh and God miraculously kept their clothing and shoes from wearing out. Could this miracle have extended to ... A problem is that if the early round-roomed city from the time of Abraham predated the Hebrews rectangular-roomed city, we would expect to find pottery in the round-roomed city, but do not. Both round and rectangular cities had no pottery. In other ... The wall is in fact, what preserved the entire archeological tel from water erosion from the wadi that passes directly by the city. In ancient times, this would have been their water supply. This wall would have been visible in the first century. The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha.htm

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The historical territory of the Ammonites in the Bible Genesis 19:36-38 "the Lord our God delivered all over to us. "Only you did not go near to the land of the sons of Ammon, all along the river Jabbok and the cities of the hill country, and wherever the Lord our God had commanded us." Deuteronomy 2:37 Molech was the idol of the Ammonites. ... Amos 1:14 ""Therefore behold, the days are coming," declares the Lord, "That I will cause a trumpet blast of war to be heard Against Rabbah of the sons of Ammon; And it will become a desolate heap, And her towns will be set on fire. Then Israel will take possession of his possessors," Says the Lord." Jeremiah 49:2 "saying, 'Turn now everyone from his evil way and from the evil of your deeds, and dwell on the ... Nehemiah 13:1-2 "and I came to Jerusalem and learned about the evil that Eliashib had done for Tobiah, by preparing a room for him in the courts of the house of God." Nehemiah 13:7 H. Balaam inscription at Tel Deir Alla: Lemaire says that, even though there are still a few gaps, the first ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ammonites.htm

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They're Digging up Bible Stories! ... Skeptics once rejected the Bible's claim that the Hittite Empire existed until they saw the evidence with their own eyes. Today, skeptics reject the Bible's claim that God himself exists or that the Bible is a divinely written book. Perhaps the only way they will believe in God is after they have seen him with their own eyes when they stand before Him in the ... The word "Israel" is found on the Merneptah Stele (1205 BC) which proves the conquest was 1406 BC by putting a nail in the coffin for the late exodus date of 1250 BC. 931 BC Jeroboam's Golden Calf Altar The pagan altar at Tel Dan was originally built by Jonathan, the grandson of Moses in 1340 BC. for 617 years his sons served as dynastic priests until the captivity of 723 BC. Jeroboam set up his golden calf on this altar in 931 BC. 926 BC Shishak's 187 name rings of conquered cities in Israel. In 926 BC, Shishak invades Judah and Israel in the 5th year of Rehoboam, king of Judah and Jeroboam, King of Israel. The entire ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology.htm

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The Exodus Route: Baal Zephon The name Zephon derives from Mount Zephon, or Jebel el-Aqra, which is 25 miles (40 km) north of Ugarit on the coastal border of present-day Syria and Turkey. The mountain Baal-Zephon is where Baal supposedly led the pantheon of Canaanite gods, and it came to signify the direction north for the Israelites (see Isa 14:13; Gen 13:14; Deut 3:27). Baal-Zephon was worshiped in Egypt at the cities of Memphis, Ras Qasrun, and Tahpanhes, ... Photius 897 AD, Cod. 250.87, 457a-457b) b. See also: Strabo 16.4.18 A. Bible Texts: ""Tell the sons of Israel to turn back and camp before Pi-hahiroth, between Migdol and the sea; you shall camp in front of Baal-zephon, opposite it, by the sea." Exodus 14:2 "Then the Egyptians ... The Israel Red Sea camp was below the Egyptian military Migdol's watchful eye, at the part of the tri-intersection of the three Gulfs which were directly opposite Baal-Zephon. Geographic reference Israelite Camp: Exodus 14:2,9 Israelite Camp: Num 33:7 Pi-hahiroth "mouth of water" ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-baal-zephon.htm

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Long vs. Short Egyptian sojourn: Israel spent 430 not 215 years ... ... Therefore, while we can be certain that the 215 years is a solid and independent number, the 430 number provides no support for the long sojourn. 3. The debate over how long Israel spent in Egypt is an ancient discussion which has direct impact on Bible chronology before the Exodus. a. It is likely that the original ... They also lived at the end of the major ancient shipping lane called the "way of Horis" which terminated at Avaris (Tel el Dab'a). At the end of the 7 year famine, the Israelites were rich and were in control of a major shipping port. It was this prosperity that concerned the 18th dynasty pharaoh's, not that they would overthrow the government, but leave! 3. ... Black referred to this as the basic principle of internal evidence." (Determining the precise length of the Israelite Sojourn in Egypt, Douglas Petrovich, NEAS Bulletin, p27, 2019 AD) 2. Variant Bible verses: a. "Now the time that the sons of Israel lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years. And at the end of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Bible-Chronology-variants-theological-interpretation-Old-Testament-Book-of-Exodus-12-40-long-short-sojourn-430-or-215-years-Israel-Egyptian-slavery-textual.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... All this tells us that the fragment was probably inscribed in modern times. The content and similarities with modern text editions Charlesworth follows the Exodus fragment all the way, and he actually holds all the roles: He is the one who launches, authenticates, publishes - and probably also ... At the time of Josiah there was really no difference in God's eyes between the Judea Jews and the Samaritan/Assyrians because both worshipped YHWH and idols. b. "There is no doubt that this distinct version of the Israelite Samaritan Torah originated during the most ancient period of the people of Israel. The historian Josephus Flavius in his book the Antiquity of the Jews (book 13, ... He suggested that part of the fragments were delivered to Qumran by Jews who preferred isolated life in the desert over life in the big cities, and part were written by them in the desert. It should be pointed out that all of the Dead Sea Scrolls were copied or written by Jews. Undoubtedly, this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-anchor ... It is rectangular, with four corner rooms protrud-ing outward (resembling "towers") and with indirect entry from a small eastern vestibule. The plan initially seems to resemble a small fortress, similar in appearance to the Israelite citadel-with-towers found at Kadesh-barnea, Arad, and `Uza. Structure A differs, however, in a number of important respects: it lacks ... The plastered stone benches take up most of the area, with only a narrow passage remaining between them, suggesting that the main function of the room is to be associated with the benches, not the passage-way. An additional function is suggested by the manner in which the wings of the bench room are connected to ... Analysis of similar pottery forms suggest that four different areas could have been a source for most of the pottery types: the S coast, central Judah, the N kingdom of Israel (i.e., Ephraim), and Phoenicia. Surprisingly, the site yielded no "Negeb-type pottery" supposedly associated with the no-madic inhabitants ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-anchor-bible-dictionary-1991ad.htm

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Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... Some cultures today continue to use stone tools. 5. Collapse of the Late Bronze age & dawn of the Iron age was triggered by the global invasion of the Philistines that came to Judah in 1177 BC. 6. Rise of the Hyksos a. From ancient times, Goshen (Avaris, Tel el-Dab'a) was the main shipping hub at the beginning of the "Way of Horus" coastal road north to Tyre. The Hebrews were very prosperous until the Hyksos arrived and took over the management of Avaris. Like modern port cities with millions of containers being loaded and offloaded from ocean tanker ships, Avaris needed huge storage areas for all the ... cattle would probably have been imported after Ahmoses's siege of the town of Sharuhen, which followed the fall of Avaris, this means that the reign of Khamudi must have terminated by year 18 or 19 of Ahmoses' 25-year reign at the very latest." (Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times, Redford, Donald, Bronze Age Collapse, Ch 8, 1992 AD) 7. Low Egyptian Chronology (LC) is favored. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm

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