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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Capernaum 30 AD First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Capernaum 30 AD Archeological Excavations of Oldest Synagogues in the world Capernaum 30 AD Click photos for high resolution Introduction: 1. Capernaum is one of the most ... The basalt foundation, therefore was saved as a memorial to the ancient first century synagogue. e. "Two structures from Capernaum are of particular interest to students of ... See also: Freestanding Columns: Antitype of Christians A. Earliest Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = 30 AD 1. Excavation date: first century 2. Inscriptional date: none 3. Literary date: New Testament 30 AD 4. SOD computation system details: Excavation date + ... D. Excavation details: 1. "The excavations date this early synagogue (I) to the first century CE, based on the pottery found under and in the cobbled basalt pavement. Thus, ... I BELIEVE IT. THAT SETTLES IT. 4. See also: First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Capernaum-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-basalt-foundation-peters-house-paralytic-manna-demon-healed-30ad.htm

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Ancient Synagogues : Shuafat Synagogue (Khirbet er-Ras) Runesson, p75, 2008 AD) b. "The archaeological remains of the building connected to the Theodotos inscription are too scanty for this edifice to be included in the present discussion, even if its location is almost certainly just south of the temple mount where the inscription was found. ... By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links Ancient Synagogues Go to: Main Start Page By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links: Master introduction: Summary overview is the place to start to tie it all together. Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple ... Political Town Hall assemblies in Synagogues 33. Christians replaced Jews: Replacement theology is pure Christianity Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Shuafat-Khirbeth-a-ras-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-1991-Alexander-Onn-benches-mikveh-31bc.htm

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Kuntillet Ajrud Fortress and Ostraca: One of Solomon's network ... The Phoenician inscription is not a direct match for the Torah words in Numbers 6:24, but it is clearly a paraphrase. "The Arabic name, ... The strategic location of Kuntillet Ajrud is located 15 km west of the ancient Darb el-Ghazza. Solomon chose to set it west of the trade ... main route to the Gulf of Eilat, not even one fortress has been found" ("Aharoni Fortress" near Quseima, Zeev Meshel, 1994 AD) A. Date of the fortress at Kuntillet Ajrud: 950 BC or 830-775 BC 1. Archeologist Cohen, who excavated Qudeirat dated Kuntillet Ajrud to the 10th century BC. a. Cohen ... Cohen believed Kuntillet Ajrud had three continuous periods of occupation by a centralized government under the direction of several kings ... Conclusion: 1. The weight of archeological evidence for Kuntillet Ajrud points to a single occupation site by the northern kingdom of ... also seen in the Silver Scroll that dates 130 years later. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-kuntillet-ajrud.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... ... The excavators of Arad found over a hundred Hebrew inscriptions and ostraca, most of them fragmentary, dating from the ninth century to the early sixth century b.c.e." (Ancient ... The "Dipping" Archeological Method: Dipping is where you take freshly excavated pottery sherds and simply dip them in water to look for possible inscriptions before they are ... The Siloam Tunnel Inscription, which still writes stir defec-tively, also attests defective Unfortunately, the Steward Inscription does not provide a word which would show a Hip` ... Arad is a city with a long period of occupation and as such we should not be surprised to find many different periods of ostraca. The archeological dig report says that ostraca was found in these occupation levels, each of which correspond to a date: Stratum II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII, ... Outline on Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judah (587 BC) What you read in the book you find in the ground! By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Synagogue Moses' Seat: Metaphor of Pride: Mt 23:2-3; Jas 2:1 ... ... As his reward may he have a place with the righteous." (Four line Aramaic inscription: 250 AD) b. "The four-line Aramaic engraved dedicatory inscription on the ... Ancient papyrus documents found at Qum'ran quote Deut 18:18 in expectation of the Messiah. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Moses-Seat-Metaphor-Pride-reader-leader-judge-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-adopted-similarities-into-church.htm

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The Great Basilica Synagogue of Alexandria Destroyed by Hadrian ... Alexandria Egypt as a testament for an obvious continuous occupation that dates back to 280 BC! 2. Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. ... lived in 1100 BC + 300 years =1400 BC. c. Likewise we can date the origin of synagogues with Philo's "300 years" statement. d. ... The THREE OLDEST synagogue inscriptions ever found are all dedicated to and thank Ptolemy III. The earliest synagogue inscriptions give high praise to Ptolelmy III for granting the Jews "sanctuary" rights and allowed them to build synagogues. Cairo 246 BC Crocodilopolis 240 BC Schedia 240 BC B. Four ancient sources of documentation for the second temple ... to the very beginning in 280 BC. Even though we have no excavated site top plans for any synagogue in Egypt, we do have many ... Ber. 4:6, I.3.B-4.B) Ancient Jewish Literary Sources Non-Biblical, Non-Mosaic first century oral tradition codified into modern Jewish law Mishnah 200 AD Tosefta 250 AD Jerusalem Talmud 400 AD Babylonian Talmud 500 AD By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Great-Basilica-Colonnaded-Egypt-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-top-plan-double-columns-71-gold-chairs-Philo-Talmud-280bc

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... commander of the Ramah-Negev fortress that is under Edomite attack." (Steve Rudd, 2015 AD) "5 men from Arad and 5 men from Kinah must assemble at ... Arad ostraca #40 was written first and #24 is the reply. The two ostraca [Arad inscription 40 and inscription 24] illustrate the state of emer-gency in ... Down to its foundations!"" (Psalm 137:7) "Edom acted revengefully against the house of Judah" (Ezekiel 25:12-14) "Edom cherished an ancient enmity, and ... Both Arad #88 "Neco II appoints Jehoiakim" and Arad #40 "Letter to Zedekiah" are "intrusive" archeological artifacts since both date to a time DIFFERENT from the locus they were found in. Arad #40 "Letter to Zedekiah" is intrusive, ... What causes "intrusive" artifacts? Why are "intrusive" artifacts from one time period, professionally excavated from a locus or stratum of a different ... A "clean locus" means all objects and pottery dated to a single occupation period and is rare in professional excavations. 2003 to present: Redating #40 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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Synagogue Organization and Government: Elders, officials, attendants ... ... Inscriptions mentioning archisynagogoi on epitaphs are found at several sites in the Roman Empire, for example, at Aegina, Apamea, Ostia, and Hammam-Lif. Thirty-two ... of the congregation, and such may also have been the case at Naro."4 An inscription on the side of the nave in the synagogue at Elche mentions elders and ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Government-organization-Elders-officials-attendants-Synagogue-Independent-overseer-shepherd-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-prototype-ancient.htm

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Introduction: Standardized Architectural Synagogue Signature ... ... home near the sea, and at Gamla the synagogue was located in the one large public building of the city (at least of those heretofore excavated) near the city wall. c. ... One may also think of a basilica as the natural parent of the synagogue, and many scholars do. The parade example of a basilica as synagogue is found at Sardis, ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Architectural-Introduction-master-Summary-chart-ancient-synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-prototype-spiritualized-similarities-into-church.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Tosefta 250 AD Moses, Jesus, the church via Synagogues that began in Egypt in 280 BC The photo above of the ancient parchment is from Cambridge ... his student. The literary relationship between the Tosefta and the Talmud is debated, though there is considerable overlap between them. ... in Alexandria Egypt as a testament for an obvious continuous occupation that dates back to 280 BC! 2. Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. ... We use the Judges 11:26 passage to date the conquest because Jephthah lived in 1100 BC + 300 years =1400 BC. c. Likewise we can date the origin of synagogues ... Gabbary 37 BC Alexandria 3 AD f. The THREE OLDEST synagogue inscriptions ever found are all dedicated to and thank Ptolemy III. The ... back to the very beginning in 280 BC. Even though we have no excavated site top plans for any synagogue in Egypt, we do have many in ... Tosefta 250 AD Jerusalem Talmud 400 AD Babylonian Talmud 500 AD By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Tosephta-Tosepta-Tosefta-Sukkah-250ad.htm

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Schools, Education and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues ... H R. Simeon permits in either case." (Mishnah, m. Terumoth 11:10 A-H, 200 AD) B. Archeological papyrus dump proves ancient cultures could read and write: 1. The half million Greek and Latin papyrus documents (300 BC - 300 AD) found at the Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus in 1882 AD by Bernard Grenfell and ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in 50 BC ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schools-ancient-Synagogue-Literacy-of-Jews-education-reading-writing-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-liturgy.htm

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Beidha, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea: mass food production ... Click to View Modern replicas of buildings at Beidha Preamble: We know from scripture and ancient literary sources that Kadesh Barnea was located in ... There have always been isolated sites that never used pottery and it is a mistake to automatically date them thousands of years before the ... Solutions to this problem might be found in the fact that Israel drank miraculously supplied water and manna all the time they were at Kadesh ... or just 5 km north of Petra is Beidha which has traces of human occupation going back as far as the flood in 3298 BC. 4. Both Diana ... Many tools and jewelry were excavated in the small rooms in every stage of production. These rooms were tool factories not residential ... Individual objects are lumped into three general categories of high, medium and low elevations within broad archeological vertical columns. ... See also Basta: Massive dump of 100,000 bones, possibly from the 38 years at Kadesh Barnea. Steven Rudd, 2006, October 2019 By Steve Rudd: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha.htm

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The Samaritan Pentateuch (SP) Bible manuscript: Oldest and only ... ... While the many ancient literary sources wrongly viewed Terah's age as 70 when Abraham was born, including the Book of Jubilees (170 BC), Josephus (70 AD) , Seder Olam ... Again we are left to wonder if the Samaritans ADDED the text or Ezra DELETED it in 458 BC! The worst the Samaritans can be found guilty of is added the ... But again, they did not invent new scripture, they merely copied it from Deut 27:4 and inserted it into the 10th commandment. The origin of Synagogues date back to the ... Steve Rudd Nov 2017 I. Quick facts about Samaritan Pentateuch (SP): 1. The Samaritan Pentateuch is found in four ancient manuscripts: a. 1065 AD: Abisha Scroll is ... Other peoples will become their subjects. Mt Gerizim will be liberated from foreign occupation and will regain its cultic purity. The goal of all of that is peace ... and a gloom, with a great voice, and He added no more." (Deut 5:18-19, [Deut 5:21-22 in Christian Bible] Samaritan Pentateuch) 3. Archeological Literary Texts: a. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Paleo-Hebrew-1362AD.htm

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Collective Names of Synagogues: House of Prayer, Temple, Church ... much profit by fortune-telling." (Acts 16:16) 3. 240 BC: Schedia Synagogue: inscription 4. Philo: "Therefore, he knew that they had synagogues [proseuche], and that ... Accordingly, on the next day, about the first hour of the day, I came from Taricheae, and found the multitude already assembled in the Proseucha; but on what account ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Names-Collective-House-Prayer-Synagogue-proseuche-Sanctuary-Temple-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-ancient.htm

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Messianic Sermon Topics In Synagogues: How Christians used the ... ... and examining the objects of your worship, I also found an altar with this inscription, 'TO AN UNKNOWN GOD.' Therefore what you worship in ignorance, this I ... Only though the cross can the Jews be healed. 4. Messianic Expectation in the First century as witnessed in the Dead Sea Scrolls: a. Ancient papyrus documents found ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Sermon-Topics-ancient-Synagogue-Messianic-prophecy-Rabbinical-approach-how-to-convert-a-Jew-first-century-church-New-Testament-prototype-ritual-liturgy-worship.htm

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Ancient Synagogues of 1, 2, 3, 4, Maccabees: 125 BC ... both frequently associated with Alexandria: it shares vocabulary and phrases found nowhere else in the Septuagint with each of these books, together with common ... What 1st Maccabees does tell us in high detail, is that Modein was the home town of the Maccabees. c. From Archeological excavation, we have uncovered a first century ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-1st-2nd-3rd-4th-Maccabees-home-Apocryphal-125bc-54ad.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC Click to View Click to View The Chronology of the Pharaohs of Egypt (by Steve Rudd) This low Egyptian chronology is derived, in part with ... Obviously then Ramesses was named after an ancient city that existed 600 years before he was born. The Merneptah Stele (1205 BC) proves ... If the exodus is 1250 BC then the conquest started in 1210 BC and was complete in 1203 BC. iii. The 1250 BC exodus date is impossible ... Garstang documented imitation Cypriot ware pottery from the late 15th century BC he found at Jericho. Kathleen Kenyon excavated Jericho 1952-1958 and concluded that the ... However, the author is staff archaeologist of the current excavations at Shiloh 2017-present and clear evidence of occupation between ... name from Hatshepsut, the daughter of Thutmoses I, the modern archeological world, and all Bible students would be both prudent and ... These show her bearded but fully clothed with obvious breasts under her shirt. The inscription on the stone says: "Neferure: daughter of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Jerusalem (Palestinian) Talmud ... ... Hadra 200 BC Gabbary 37 BC Alexandria 3 AD f. The THREE OLDEST synagogue inscriptions ever found are all dedicated to and thank Ptolemy III. The earliest synagogue ... in 280 BC. Even though we have no excavated site top plans for any synagogue in Egypt, we do have many in both and outside Judea that are all triclinium style. ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jerusalem-Talmud-Cairo-Geniza-400ad.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth Most preachers in the church have no idea what the date of the exodus is. When they do venture to guess, most of the time they incorrectly name Ramesses II ... The author did not discover the exodus route, he restored it by using the Bible alone. Only then were archeological synchronisms in chronology, cartography and ancient literary sources added a secondary witness. Six ... Musa at St. Catherine's monastery inside the Sinai Peninsula. Although it is found on every Bible map today this location is almost universally rejected by ... that Herodotus wrote his account and the Arab occupation of these seaports in 450 BC do not reflect the geographic territory of Arabia in the first century. ... the standard "pulpit Bible" in the thousands of synagogues all around the world and was used exclusively in Judea at the time of Christ and the Apostles. ... Bryant Wood, Public email "Prayer Letter", Feb 2017) In spite of all this information being directly transmitted to Tim Mahoney and Steve Law, they produced ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD The fortress's inset-offset walls peak through at the perimeter of the excavated area. The wall system connects three towers ... (Stratum 6), earlier in date than the two previously uncovered (Strata 4, 5), now complete the stratigraphical sequence at the site. The Iron Age Strata (Strata 4, 5, 6) The work at (En Haseva has now distinguished six occupation levels (from the ... An Edomite inscription runs above their heads: lmskt bn wham ("belonging to mskt son of wtrzm"). Courtesy of the Israel ... The small structure apparently dates to the late seventh or early sixth centuries BCE. The smashed vessels were found nearby. ... of what is known in current literature on the ancient cult in Judea as popular religion (Ackerman 1992; Dever 1994). ... Those who take the traditional view credit Solomon with the achievements noted in the Bible citing literary, archaeological ... Biblical Archaeologist 58:4 (1995) 235 By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm

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Solomon's Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell el-Kheleifeh and Jezirat ... ... use also in the tenth to eighth centuries BC. All other remains relate to the Nabataean, Byzantine and Mameluke occupation of the island. ... H. Solomon's fortress of Tell el-kheleifeh (Ancient Elat, not Ezion-geber) "The site can, however, easily be bypassed. Its position is not a ... This proves sea levels have not changed much in 3000 years. Click to View I. Date of the fortress at Tell el-kheleifeh: Time of Solomon Cohen ... El-kheleifeh: The ring is now known to be Edomite not Judean. Also found here was an Edomite inscription reading: "Belonging to Qausanal, the servant of the king" For the Full story of this genuine archeological article that has been misidentified, CLICK HERE Click to View E. ... Glueck threw out most of the common wheel-made pottery he excavated; he did not realize this common wheel-made pottery was far more ... This industrial square was only one room thick. (The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, Nelson Glueck, 1940 AD) By Steve Rudd: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aqaba.htm

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Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... ... In addition, a water cistern was often excavated at the site a year before beginning construction of the house, in order to ensure sufficient water supply for the ... In 2013, the author was excavating a cistern at Khirbet el-Maqatir and two coins were found embedded in the plaster of the cistern dating it to the Hasmonean period ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm

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Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath ... of radiocarbon dates from Cyprus and the independently derived date for the fall of Ugarit combine with separate ceramic links between ... Though the ring was found during Evans's excavation in 1926, Eisenberg questions its authenticity. The diameter of the ring is only 13 mm, which makes it difficult to actually wear it. Perhaps the ring was worn by a child, The ring of Mavro Spilio with an inscription ... Studies of the Ancient World p 59-66, 2009 AD) E. Other archeological finds that corroborate the Phaistos disk from Crete: 1. Seal HM 992: a. Seal HM 992 Phaistos Crete was excavated by Doro Levi in 1955 AD b. It features the unique "comb" symbol: See #21 on Phaistos Disk 2. Blue Limestone Altar ... the time of Moses and Joshua are not anachronistic but represent a real occupation by the Philistines from 1446 BC down to the time of David. ... VIII. Philistines trigger collapse of Bronze Age and mark beginning of Iron age: 1177 BC Conclusion By Steve Rudd. Contact author with comments ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm

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Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad-Ezer II: 845 BC ... There are no known inscriptions or literary references to any son of Ben-Hadad II. g. The Bible records how Hazael murdered ... It is simply unacceptable that the Aleppo museum has not allowed the stele to be sent to a modern scientific archeological lab ... is the name under which the ancient Near Eastern storm god was known among various groups in the Mesopotamian and Syrian world. ... god Melqart, surmounting a four-line Aramaic inscription (one letter on a fifth), which identifies the donor of the monument as a certain Bir-Hadad. It was found, out of its original context, incorporated into the remains of some Roman Period walls at Bureij. Since there is no evidence of Iron Age occupation around Bureij, the stone was probably brought ... The author, Steven Rudd, has adopted the translation of Cross and Reinhold and their date of 845 BC for the creation of the ... What you read in the book, you find in the ground! Find me a church to attend in my home town this Sunday! By Steve Rudd: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Ben-Hadad-II-Melqart-Stele-Bir-Ezer-Damascene-king-Aram-1939AD-Breij-Aleppo-1Kings20-2Ki5-845BC.htm

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Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines, Beno Rothenberg, ... ... metallurgical installations and materials, to enable the ancient processes to be reconstructed. (2) To find workshops, stores ... The three working furnaces made up one industrial occupation layer of about 60 cm., above undisturbed red sand and water-laid ... Around the furnace was a solid working-platform of large, flat stones. In 1966 Area G was enlarged to 7 x 7 m. and excavated to ... A number of the pits, however, were found to contain some of their original contents, and were highly informative : there were date kernels, many broken bones of fully grown goats, some cattle bones and some bones and ... The canyon is about go m. deep, zo m. high and 3-5 m. wide. On its left side a 9 m. long and 37 Unidentified inscription at Site ... There is no factual and, as a matter of fact, no ancient written literary evidence of the existence of 'King Solomon's Mines'. ... There was no need for such 206 207 By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-timna-valley-of-the-biblical-copper-mines-beno-rothenberg-1969ad.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... The Greek Septuagint LXX "Scripture cannot be broken" (Jesus, John 10:35) Steve Rudd 2017 Abstract: During the time of Abraham Hebrew was a ... The alphabets of all other languages, including English use these same ancient symbols in spelling out of words. The Jews have used four ... The people watch the ritual but have no idea what the Jewish High priests are saying. With the birth of Synagogues in 280 BC, which used the ... II. Earliest Hebrew scripts: Signet rings: (and possible archeological evidence) Seal Ring of Hanon Bulla of Elishama the scribe A. Ritual ... said to him, "Please, if I have found favor in your sight, place now your hand under my thigh and deal with me in kindness and faithfulness. ... And He is about to grasp you firmly" (Isaiah 22:15-17) Paleo-Hebrew tomb inscription What is fascinating about the Shebnah tomb inscription is ... at Elephantine (Syene) (495-399 BCE), which includes official letters, family archives, administrative, legal, and literary documents. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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Acapella Responsive Singing, No Instruments in first century ... ... that date back to the very beginning in 280 BC. Even though we have no excavated site top plans for any synagogue in Egypt, we do have many in both and outside ... J.1 Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice: Angelic Liturgy: 1. Ten copies of the Angelic liturgy have been found, one at Masada and nine at Qumran. 2. All the scholars on ... and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in ... Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD)= Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date Allusions: Synagogue worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament Master builder Stonemason Jesus: "Upon this Rock I will build My church" Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time of Jesus Master List: Master list of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Acapella-responsive-singing-non-instrumental-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-prototype-ancient-Synagogue-ritual-liturgy-worship.htm

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Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev ... should be interpreted along the lines of Dothan's conclusions rather than Cohen's, taking into account, of course, the newly excavated data. ... At present it is difficult to fix the exact date of the sherds of this early occupation, though they appear to be from about the 10th century ... We believe the careful work of Rudolph Cohen best represents the reality of truth regarding the archeological history of the fortresses ... Aharoni 1967: 11-13). Rothenberg, however, insists on an exceptionally early date for these wares, in the 13th century B.C. or before, and ... In the author's opinion, the wheel-made pottery found in the excavations and surveys of the first three fortress types clearly belongs to the ... side of the gulf of Aqaba, Solomon did not claim control. The ancient Egyptian mining port island of Jezirat Faraun remained in firm ... In this victory inscription, which is one of the most important historical documents of its time, Shishak lists the names of the cities, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm

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Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... for our understanding of the Iron Age. "Revisionism" posits a date exilic or later for much of the biblical narrative, while the ... In later centuries, it appeared several times in the Amarna letters and in a text from Alalakh. It was also found in two texts from ... excavated materials from sacred sites and applied it to his excavation of the Late Bronze Age sanctuary at the Aegean site of Phylakopi (1985; and see chapter 4). Similarly, Dever demonstrated archaeology's potential for illuminating of the cult of ancient Israel (1983). Archaeologists could penetrate beyond literary ... The Early Bronze Age occupation had ended in destruction, and the new sanctuaries of the Middle Bronze Age differed from their ... The inscription on the late thirteenth century Lachish Ewer, a jug decorated in the palm tree and ibex motif, declared this vessel to ... "East of the Jordan": Territories and Sites of the Hebrew Scriptures By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... A century or more later brings us to a peculiar, perhaps literary letter of c. 1000 BC (at least in our extant MS - composition may ... Shihan stelae from Moab itself.43 Leaving aside its illegible inscription, we have on the Balu'a stela a human ruler flanked by a god ... Iraq 52:159-165. Zayadine, F. 1991 Sculpture in Ancient Jordan. In Treasures from an Ancient Land: The Art of Jordan, ed. P. ... This paper has two aims. First, to summarize the evidence for the date of the earliest Iron Age settlement at each of these sites. Second, to assess critically the claims by Israel Finkelstein that there was widespread Iron I occupation throughout Edom ... One of the main aims of the excavation was to obtain a group of stratified pottery from Edom. Bennett excavated c. 700 m.2, less than one-third of the whole site. She found a group of dry-stone ... attempting to maximize the quantity of sites recorded. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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The Third Season of Excavation at Tell el-Kheleifeh, 1940 AD ... ... The idea previously expressed as a result of the first two seasons of excavations, and based also partly on literary evidence, that the smelter ... A considerable portion of the rooms on the north side of the mound, which had been excavated during the first two campaigns, was found to have been filled with sand at the commencement of the third season. Particularly during the first two main periods of occupation ... excellence of the ancient bricks found in Tell el-Kheleifeh can be obtained by comparing them with the modern, sun-dried bricks used in present day `Aqabah. ... It is thus now possible archaeologically to fix a date for the Qausanal seal impres-sions which harmonizes with the one proposed for them by ... had incised on it in retrograde, in the clearest possible ancient Hebrew characters, the follow-ing inscription : LYTM, " belonging to Jotham." ... of the Emirate of Transjordan under Abdullah and the English. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber-nelson-gluecks-1940-third-season-of-excavation-at-tell-el-kheleifeh.htm

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Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... Discussion of the site's location, until the 19th century, was based completely on the diverse literary sources. In 1807, however, U. J. ... the impressive 'tell,' the well constructed pool, the traces of ancient buildings, clearly indicate the importance of this place" (1910: 73). ... The Excavations of C. L. Woolley and T. E. Lawrence Woolley and Lawrence were the first scholars with solid archeological training to study ... If this date is too early, the likeliest ascription then would be to the later Judean king Uzziah (ca. 784-733 B.C.E.), who, in the context of ... Top: Animal figurine of the 7th-6th centuries B.C.E. found in the fortress. Below left: Jars in the casemate room on the western side of the ... Thus, it might be compared to the stone-paved sanctuary excavated at Arad, which also was situated in the northwestern part of the fortress ... Afterward, as related above, there are merely some signs of Persian occupation in a limited number of areas on the tell. 104 BIBLICAL ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm

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Herodotus 484 - 424 BC (Greek Geographer/historian) ... M. Yamauchi, The Greek Army and Navy, p199, 1996 AD) 3. Ancient literary sources: a. "Psammetichus [Psamtik I: 664-610 BC] had a son, ... to navigation: Sesostris is said to be the first of the ancient kings to have attempted the work.) It was, however, found that ... From Lake Timsah, this canal must have run south." (A Date for the Recently Discovered Eastern Canal of Egypt, William H. Shea Source ... Beneath the founding phases of Necho's city we found no certain traces of occupation. Only the (pre-) Hyksos graves and the much earlier flints give evidence for some ... partly obliterated inscription commemorating which may perhaps be thus restored and rendered: "I am a Persian; with Persia I seized Egypt. ... el-Retaba]" (Herodotus, History 2.158.2) Buto is possibly the archeological site of Tell al-Fara'in near Rosetta in the north western Nile ... This underscores that his understanding of the Red Sea, Gulf of Suez and Gulf of Aqaba were flawed. Click to View By Steve Rudd: Contact ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-maps-sinai-egypt-midian-arabia-kadesh-barnea-shur-herodotus-484bc.htm

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The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... ... is about an inscription from the time of Ramesses II that says: "Town (dmi) that Pharaoh's arm [captur]ed: Tibunu." ... Deut 2:12. Esau had continuous occupation of "Seir" from the time he first moved there, down to the Exodus in 1446 BC: "just ... They showed Egyptian overlordship in Geshur and Bashan, north of the Yarmuk - and at Tell esh-Shihab was found a stela of ... now at the Palace of Diocletian at Split may date to this reign or - probably - earlier; at No. 28, it mentions Ashteroth (of Bashan) (KRI 1:36:13, No.8)." (Early Edom And Moab, Egyptian evidence on Ancient Jordan; K. A. Kitchen, Editor: Piotr ... In fact Tuthmoses III was the pharaoh of the exodus. There is some rather stunning archeological evidence at the time of ... It could be that Wermai was in fact, and Edomite. "A century or more later brings us to a peculiar, perhaps literary letter ... nor will a son of man reside in it." (Jeremiah 49:16-18)" (Steve Rudd, Near Eastern Archeological Society annual conference ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm

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Textual Variants Daniel's 70 weeks, Susanna, Prayer of Hananiah ... I. Archeological and literary details about the manuscript of Daniel: 1. "In the [Hebrew] Masoretic Text, Daniel is recorded ... Daniel's visions, mostly in the first person. Based on literary analysis, then, one would anticipate that if two languages ... this war, was an ambiguous oracle (Dan 9:24) that was also found in their sacred writings, how, "about that time, one from ... date of messiah's coming in Essene, Hellenistic, Pharisaic, Zealot and early Christian computation; Roger T. Beckwith, Revue de Qumrân, Vol. 10, No. 4, p 536, 1981 AD) C. Daniel 9:24-27 from the Septuagint, LXX, Codex Vaticanus: 1. Comments by Steve ... The Seder Olam has the Tabernacle set up at Shiloh as 1257 BC and its destruction in 888 BC with an occupation period of 369 ... Synagogues began in Alexandria in 280 BC and did not exist at the time of Daniel. We know synagogues began after the ... In the song section, the conclusion connects the ancient story to the idea that the righteous will be saved from the flames ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Daniel-Bible-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-Tanakh-70-weeks-Daniel9.24-Messiah-490-years-458BC-33AD-resurrection-Codex-Vaticanus-Susanna-Prayer-Hananiah-Bel-dragon.htm

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King Jeroboam tel dan high place altar 1340-723 BC. They're Digging ... The Satan King who sowed "Tares" See also: 1. Hazael Victory Stele with the "House of David" inscription. 2. Headwaters of Jordan ... Pottery collected from the steps points to a date in the mid-9th century B.C. A number of soundings carried out on the bamah, as well ... have so many shrines been found here? If other sites in Israel were as extensively excavated, would they too yield as many shrines?) The bamah just described is located well inside the city. ... The archeology at tel Dan (Laish) provides us with an incredible window into the ancient pagan history of the tribe of Dan in 1350 BC ... Jeroboam died in 910 BC but Ben-Hadad I invaded and conquered Tel Dan just 15 years later in 895 BC. V. Chronological archeological ... visit Tel Dan, especially the next section that gives you archeological drawings from each of the periods of occupation at Tel Dan. ... 19-21 and Ruth 5. Chronology of the book of Judges solved By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tel-dan-laish-leshem-micah-Jonathan-jeroboams-king-of-israel-high-place-altar-temple-1340-723bc.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla who is over the house" 3. Provenance: Lachish official archeological dig 1935 AD season 4. Current location: Israel Museum 5. Date: ... hostages (including Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego), this date might serve as the terminus a quo; thus 536 would be approximately ... Judah had governors appointed under the occupation of Babylon, Persia, Greece and Rome right down to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD. ... Additional archaeological confirmation is found in an inscription on the statue of Nes-hor in the Louvre. Nes-hor was a governor of southern Egypt under ... Ishmael was a descendant of David and Bathsheba and part of the ancient Elishama clan of David's sons. Many others had also fled with ... It was found in the sift from topsoil excavated near the W rim of the mound about 50 cm above the remains of a major public structure termed ... By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. The assassination of Gedaliah, 1st governor of Judah 587 BC 2 Kings ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... And this is exactly what we have found. The Bible is the most historically accurate book of history on earth. Read the Bible daily! ... This is what motivated Cyrus to issue the decree which is recorded on the famous archeological "Cyrus cylinder". Most Bible students ... the Babylonian captivity was a real event. b. We can actually visit ancient Al-Yahudah today in Iraq and it has been located on maps. ... Here is an unrelated brick from Esagila and Ezida in Babylon that was stamped with Nebuchadnezzar's inscription. It is interesting that many of these bricks have been excavated and they were made in ... Ezek 40:1b-48:31 Double date notation for the final vision Tuesday 26 April 571 1 Nisan Ezek 29:17-30:19 SIXTH prophecy against Egypt ... Rev 20:8 God and Magog "Days of Messiah" terminology in Jewish literary sources Dead Sea Scrolls Rev 20:7-9 Satan released after 1000 ... nor will a son of man reside in it." (Jeremiah 49:16-18)" (Steve Rudd, 2015 AD) HEBREW REGNAL NEW YEAR BEGINS ON 1 TISHRI ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc

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Coins of the Maccabean Hasmonean Era 166-37 BC. Messianic Star ... ... The "L" series coins is the most common Jewish coin ever minted and are very common in archeological excavations. This is the coin Jesus ... 2016; KEM-935 O21 2013; KEM-3144 surface 2016. The author also excavated on rate "K17 series" coin: KEM-644 ZH05 December 2011. (Meshorer ... the Jews to Christianity around the world through the Greek LXX bible and synagogues, each of which had a "Christian maker" known as a Mikveh. ... At first glance it appears to be simply a reduced weight version, and inscription error of No. 1150. Yet, Meshorer suggests that if the ... Herod kills last Hasmonean: Hycranus II: 30 BC III. Josephus and literary sources for the Hasmonean, Maccabean period of Jewish independence: ... He took the silver and the gold, and the costly vessels; he took also the hidden treasures that he found. Taking them all, he went into his ... in a splendid manner from the army to that festival, wherein our ancient custom is to make tabernacles for God, it happened in those days ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Maccabean-Hasmonean-166-37BC.htm

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Josiah, King of Judah 640-609 BC seals, bulla. They're Digging ... ... Shlomo Moussaieff #1: 1997 AD Unprovenanced Full outline King Josiah, Widow's Plea Inscription on pottery shard: "May Yahweh bless you with ... A more specific date just after the discovery of the lost book of the law seems likely giving a date of 622 BC. THIS PROPHECIES THE ... OF HANAN, SON OF HILKIAH: Hanan is a very common name found in the Bible during the entire time from David down to the time of Nehemiah. ... Since it was NOT excavated as part of an official archeological dig, there is always the chance it is a fake. However, there are many genuine seals and bullae that surface ... of the entire nation and occupation by a foreign power more evil than the one we live in. Habakkuk never dreamed the Babylonians would be God's rod of chastening for Judah. 2. Be faithful living among the lost, holding firm to the ancient Bible blueprint: The ... Nebuchadnezzar and live for 70 years (605-536 BC) in Babylon. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-josiah-king-of-judah-hilkiah-high-priest-find-lost-book-law-of-moses-seal-bulla-640-609bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Xenephyris, Egypt 139 BC Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Xenephyris, Egypt 139 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Xenephyris Egypt 139 BC A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "On behalf of King Ptolemy & Queen Cleopatra his sister and queen Cleopatra his wife, the Jews of Xenephyris (dedicated) the gateway of the synagogue when Theodorus and Achillion were presiding" 2. Glyptic Artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on limestone 3. Provenance: Xenephyris, Egypt, 1912 AD 4. Current location: Alexandria Museum. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 139 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 139 BC d. Literary ... Nitriani 139 BC 3. "presiding": implies they were pro states (synagogue leaders) a. See: Organization of Synagogues: Elders, officials, attendants, Independent, autonomous By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Xenephyris-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyVIII-Cleopatra-proseuche-house-of-prayer-prostates-139bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ... ... An inscription from Oboda in the Negev refers to Rabel II as 'King of the Nabataeans, who brought life and deliverance to his people'. THE ... Much archaeological evidence from Petra itself indicates that the Roman occupation and annexation may even have resulted, ironically, in ... The excavations tend to confirm a 4th-century Syriac letter attributed to Bishop Cyril of Jerusalem that provides literary evidence of major ... With the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus in the mid-7th century, the people of Jordan found themselves under new leadership ... The picture of south Jordan in the Umayyad era appears somewhat dim, with no significant city-remains having been discovered to date. In the ... John Lewis Burckhardt 'rediscovered' Petra on 22 August 1812, and recognised its ruins as those of the ancient Nabataean capital city. ... Margaret Murray and J.C. Ellis of the British School of Archaeology in Egypt excavated some caves above the Wadi Abu'Ollega in 1937, and in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Nitriani, Egypt 139 BC Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Nitriani, Egypt 139 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Nitriani Egypt 139 BC (Modern Wadi El Natrun, Egypt) A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "On behalf of King Ptolemy and Queen Cleopatra the sister and queen Cleopatra the wife, Benefactors, the Jews in Nitriani (dedicated) the synagogue and its appurtenances" [Lit. proseuche = house of prayer] 2. Glyptic Artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on limestone 3. Provenance: Nitriani, [modern Wadi El Natrun] Egypt, 1929 AD 4. Current location: Alexandria Museum. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 139 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation ... Appendages: Hostels, Housing and Food Banks in Synagogues b. Also at Theodostos 18 BC inscription c. The Land survey of Crocodilopolis 113 BC d. Xenephyris 139 BC inscription By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Nitriani-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyVIII-Cleopatra-proseuche-appurtenances-Natrun-139bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Cairo, Egypt: 246 BC Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Cairo, Egypt: 246 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Cairo, Egypt: 246 BC A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "On the orders of the queen & king, in place of the previous plaque about the dedication of the synagogue1 let what is written below be written. King Ptolemy Euergetes [proclaimed] the synagogue inviolate2. The queen & king gave the order" 2. Glyptic Artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on Marble 3. Provenance: Bought in Cairo, Egypt, 1875 AD 4. Current location: Bode Museum, Berlin. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 246 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none ... synagogue. 3. The Greek inscription is augmented with the Latin "regina et rex" which translates to "The queen and king" By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links Ancient Synagogues Go to: Main Start Page By Steve ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Cairo-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIII-Queen-Berenice-proseuche-inviolate-asylum-246bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Hadra district in Alexandria ... Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Hadra district in Alexandria, Egypt: 200 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Hadra District of Alexandria, Egypt: 200 BC A. Alexandria Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "To God, the Highest ... the sacred precinct1 and the synagogue2 and its appurtenances3" 2. Glyptic artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on marble 3. Provenance: Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt, discovered in rubbish, 1907 AD. 4. Current location: Alexandria Museum 5. Alexandria Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 262 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. Inscriptional date: 200 BC i. Alexandria 3 AD ii. ... Used by Philo of synagogues in Flaccus 41-53, Alexandria, 38-41 AD) 2. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer 3. Appurtenances: Separate building adjoining or beside. Used for housing for preacher, storage etc. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-sacred-precinct-asylum-appurtenances-proseuche-Hadra-200bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Crocodilopolis, Egypt: 240 ... Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Crocodilopolis, Egypt: 240 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Crocodilopolis, Egypt: 240 BC A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "On behalf of King Ptolemy, son of Ptolemy & Queen Berenice his wife and sister and their children, the Jews in Crocodilopolis (dedicated) the Synagogue1." [Lit. proseuche = house of prayer] 2. Glyptic Artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on limestone 3. Provenance: Bought from dealer in Medinet el-Fayum, Egypt, 1939 AD 4. Current location: Current location is unknown. 5. Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 240 BC a. SOD computation system details b. ... This Synagogue papyrus references two different synagogues in 113 AD at the time of Trajan: Crocodilopolis 113 AD B. Inscription footnotes: 1. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer, synagogue By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Crocodilopolis-Arsinoe-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIII-Queen-Berenice-proseuche-Fayum-240bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Gabbary district in Alexandria ... Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Gabbary district in Alexandria, Egypt: 37 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Gabbary District of Alexandria, Egypt: 37 BC A. Alexandria Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "On behalf of the queen & king, for the great God who listens to prayer, Alypus made the synagogue1 [Lit. proseuche = house of prayer] in the 15th year, Mecheir ..." 2. Glyptic artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on limestone 3. Provenance: Gabbary, Alexandria, Egypt, 1902 AD 4. Current location: Alexandria Museum 5. Alexandria Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 262 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: none c. ... B. Inscription footnotes: 1. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer, fits well with the phrase "the great God who listens to prayer" on the inscription. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections Quick links Ancient ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyXV-queen-last-proseuche-house-of-prayer-37bc.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Alexandria, Egypt: 3 AD Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Alexandria, Egypt: 3 AD Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Alexandria, Egypt: 3 AD A. Alexandria Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "... Hathyr 18, in the ... of those from the ... archisynagogos1 ... archiprostates2 ... Since Brasidas son of Herakleides ... 33rd year of Caesar3 ... in all ... and soundly, ... the expense ... days ... repair ... by word in ... crown ... with two ..." 2. Glyptic artifact: Greek Synagogue inscription on marble 3. Provenance: Alexandria, Egypt, 1900 AD. 4. Current location: Alexandria Museum, 5. Alexandria Synagogue Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 262 BC a. SOD computation system ... B. Inscription footnotes: 1. Used in Mk 5:22; Lk 13:14; Acts 13:5; 18:8, 17 and 3x in Theodotos inscription (c. 30 BC) 2. "prostates" common synagogue ruler in Egypt 3. Caesar Octavian Augustus (31 BC - 14 AD) By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandria-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-archisynagogos-archiprostates-ruler-Augustus-Theodotos-3ad.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... The history of the Hebrew calendars is complicated indeed. For example, Steve Rudd, an apologetics researcher with Bible.CA and the ... This assumption is as imaginative as it gets. Unfortunately for both points of view, the Hebrew grammar and literary techniques used in ... The concept that the Hebrew language had not fully evolved into Ancient Hebrew by the time of King David is verified by recent archaeological discoveries of artifacts with inscriptions that date back to the 10th Century BCE, including one found at a dig in a village believed to have been built near the time of ... The scrolls were written in Aramaic, and the rabbis read the Scriptures to the people in Aramaic in the synagogues. Benner clearly does ... They had also many festivals on which the people left their ordinary occupation to take part in the celebrations, but these have no ... New York: The MacMillan Company, 1916, p. 220). It should be noted that the oldest dated Christian inscription to employ a planetary ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Alexandrou Nesos, Egypt: May ... Ancient Synagogue Inscription from Alexandrou Nesos, Egypt: 218 BC Synagogue Inscriptions from the Oldest Synagogues in the world Alexandrou Nesos, Egypt: May 11, 218 BC A. Synagogue Inscription: 1. Inscription text: "To King Ptolemy1, greeting from ...who lives in Alexandrou Nesos. I have been wronged by Dorotheos, (a Jew who lives in the) same village. In the 5th year, according to ... Farewell."" 2. Epigraphic evidence: Greek Synagogue text on papyrus 3. Provenance: Alexandrou Nesos, Fayum region, Egypt, 1910 AD 4. Current location: Unable to determine current location. 5. Occupation Date (SOD) = Excavation date + Inscriptional date + Literary date = 218 BC a. SOD computation system details b. Excavation date: ... Like cities of refuge, they were also courts. 3. Lit. proseuche = house of prayer, synagogue] 4. Lit. nakoros = temple keeper, used of Jerusalem temple by Philo, Special Laws, 1.156 and Josephus Wars of the Jews 1.153. By Steve Rudd 2017: Contact the author for comments, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Alexandrou-Nesos-Fayum-Egypt-synagogue-Greek-inscriptions-origin-ancient-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-archeology-PtolemyIV-proseuche-sanctuary-asylum-218bc.htm

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