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Boer, Harry R.: A Short History of the Early Church ... This mystery aspect of the person of our Lord has never been lost in genuine Christianity. However, it has often been pressed into the background. This is what happened during the fourth through eighth centuries, when the person of Jesus Christ became ... Greek philosophy made a sharp distinction between the spiritual and the material. Becoming a Christian did not always alter this Greek way of thinking. For the Greeks the creation of the world and the incarnation of the Son of God were major religious and intellectual problems. How can God (pure spirit) create the world (matter) and become man (matter and spirit)? c. The Old Testament is strongly monotheistic. If Christ is very God, what is his relationship to God the Creator.- the God of ... It lasted sixty years, involved the entire eastern church, the western church in part, and occupied the attention of eleven emperors. The long discussion began with Arius, a presbyter in the church in Alexandria. He was a disciple of Lucian, who in ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-Boer.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Herodium 66 AD Therefore, the synagogue as a recognizable building has a prehistory, would reach back I would contend not just to the beginning of the first century AD but probably all the way back well into the first century BC. The Herodium is very important evidence, even though the synagogue as such wasn't very old. After all, the Romans ... absent from Tanakh 19. Public Bible readings: Preaching and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor Prophets written in 50 BC 22. Prayer in Synagogues: "House of prayer" Proseuche 23. Food: Sacred Passover Meals, No Common Meals In ... Click here to find a church near you. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go to: Main Ancient Synagogue Start Page Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA Text of Josephus Antiquities 14:335-480 and Wars 1:250-357 1. "But as Phasaelus's and Herod's party came to the other's assistance, and a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Herodium-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-bema-mikveh-mikvaot-free-standing-columns-open-air-first-jewish-revolt-66ad.htm

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Exodus Route: Men who misled the world away from truth ... Buto, Pithom and Rhinocolura were not Arabia, but towns populated and used by Arabs as part of their spice trade routes. New York City is not part of China because a section is called Chinatown. Herodotus provides no evidence that any part of Egypt inside the Nile Delta was ever considered to be Arabia proper. 2. 282 BC Septuagint: In 282 BC 70 top Hebrew scholars were sent from Jerusalem to Alexandria to translate the Torah from Hebrew into Greek at the request of Ptolemy II for his father's Library of Alexandria and the result is the Septuagint (LXX). ... Agrippa created a map of the world just before the Birth of Christ in 2 BC. This map was widely circulated for centuries but none have survived. His cartographic work is referenced no less than 87 times by Pliny in AD 77 and four times by Strabo in AD 15. Agrippa's Arabia was equal to Arabia Felix and the northern Sinai coastline was considered part of Syria not Arabia. This demonstrates that when contemporary geographers like Strabo ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/exodus/bible-archaeology-Exodus-Route-deception-Apion-Queen-Helena-Henry-Trumbull-Ron-Wyatt-Bob-Cornuke-Lennart-Moller-Jim-Caldwell-Ryan-Mauro-Gordon-Franz-David-Rohl.htm

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The Number of the Exodus Jews. The population of the Exodus Hebrews ... A census that reported 300 clans provides no useful data to a commander because a clan can be 10, 100, 1000 or 10,000 etc. individuals. 5. There is no known ancient literary source that DOES NOT take "eleph" to mean the number 1000. a. Josephus and Philo both interpret the large number of the Old Testament on face value. b. If the modern fiction that ... Firstborn ransom: Five-shekel head tax for firstborn proves "eleph" must mean 1000 in Numbers 3:39-51 b. Head tax: 100 talents + 1,775 shekels = 603,550 bekas proves "eleph" must mean 1000 in Exodus 38:24-29 c. New Testament: The Hebrew 24,000 in Num 25:9 matches the Greek 23,000 in 1 Cor 10:8 2. One of the most obvious reasons for rejecting the idea that "eleph" means clans, is because when we apply this formula to the stated grand total, it doesn't match the sum of the 12 tribes. Advocates suggest the grand total doesn't match because of scribal changes in the text. We reject all of this outright and are happy to accept the numbers as ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-population-of-jews-hebrews.htm

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Study resources for the Old and New Testament Canon Study resources for the Old and New Testament Canon Go to: "Canon of the Bible" Home Page Study resources for the Old and New Testament Canon From: Lee Martin McDonald, James A. Sanders, Editors: The Canon Debate, Appendix A, B, p 580-584, 2002 Appendix A: Primary Sources for the Study of the Old Testament/Hebrew Bible Canon By Lee Martin McDonald The following ancient sources are those most often cited by modern scholars investi- gating the origins and development of the Old/First Testament or ... The identity of these writings is not clear. 4QMMT: see 6ab-28b, but especially C 9-12 (perhaps ca. 150 B.C.E.). This is a very difficult text to discern because of its corruption, but it does describe three or four vague groupings of sacred ... Commentaria in Isaiae prophetiam 3.6. i. Other church fathers referring to the Old Testament Scriptures in the 4th-5th centuries include: Athanasius, Ep. fest. 39; Cyril, Catech. 4.33-36; Rufinus, Symb. 38; Epiphanius, Pond. 22-23, Pan. 8.6.1ff.; ... ... https://www.bible.ca/b-canon-resource-list-macdonald.htm

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Synagogue Basilica and Byzantine Church Octagonal Architecture ... The Great Basilica synagogue of Alexandria dates to 41 AD and was destroyed in 117 AD by Trajan. It was the first, oldest and most glorious of any synagogue on earth as the Philo, Tosefta, Jerusalem and Babylonian Talmuds document. b. Text of Jerusalem Talmud, y. Sukk. 5:1, I.5.A-H: "It has been taught [in Tosefta Sukkah ... One rabbinic tradition reports that in at least one fourth-century synagogue of Caesarea Jews did not know enough Hebrew to recite the basic Shema' prayer in the original Hebrew, but rather did so in Greek. One can assume that most, it not all, of the prayer service in that particular synagogue was in Greek, and this would have undoubtedly included ... Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the wrong ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Byzantine-Churches-Octagonal-Basilica-Architectural-ancient-Synagogue-pre-70AD-standardized-typology-design-incorporated-copied-adopted-similarities.htm

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Eliade, Mircea: Encyclopedia of Religion What else did they fail to quote from this source? theologians today are in agreement that the Hebrew Bible does not contain a doctrine of the Trinity ... theologians agree that the New Testament also does not contain an explicit doctrine of the Trinity. ... Actually the quote is right and the same encyclopedia openly states that Jesus was considered God in the Bible! But Eliade clearly states that the ontology (stuff God is made of) was not even considered until the later centuries. He specifically includes the Arian view as a later development and not the original apostolic faith! Even worse for Jw's who use this article in The Encyclopedia of Religion, is that the "Logos-Theology" was connected with Greek Philosophy and is seen as an ... Although the Hebrew Bible depicts God as the father of Israel and employs personifications of God such as Word (davar), Spirit (ruah), Wisdom (hokhmah), and Presence (shekhinah), it would go beyond the intention and spirit of the Old Testament to correlate ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-Eliade.htm

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The Ignatian Forgeries: They claim to be written by Ignatius ... ... Upon the whole, however, the shorter recension was, until recently, accepted without much opposition, and chiefly in dependence on the work of Bishop Pearson above mentioned, as exhibiting the genuine form of the Epistles of Ignatius. But a totally different aspect was given to the question by the discovery of a Syriac version of three of these Epistles among the mss. procured from the monastery of St. Mary ... It contains the three Epistles of Ignatius, and furnishes the text here followed in the Epistles to the Ephesians and Romans. The third ms., which Cureton quotes as g, has no date, but, as he tells us, "belonged to the collection acquired by Moses of Nisibis in a.d. 931, and was written apparently about three or four centuries earlier." It contains the three Epistles to Polycarp, the Ephesians, and the Romans. The text of all these mss. is in several passages manifestly corrupt, and the translators appear at times to have mistaken the meaning of the Greek original. Steve Rudd ... ... https://www.bible.ca/history-ignatius-forgeries-250AD.htm

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Autocephalous Orthodox Churches centered at Constantinople ... Click to View 4. Belarusan Autocephalous Orthodox Church Click to View 5. Macedonian Orthodox Church: Archbishop Stefan; Archbishop of Ohrid and Macedonia Click to View 6. Old Calendar Orthodox Churches II. Independent Catholic churches: Click to View 1. The Maronite Catholic Church: Patriarch Nasrallah Cardinal Sfeir; ... Eventually a separate "Coptic" (from the Arabic and Greek word for "Egyptian") Church emerged with a distinct theological and liturgical tradition. From the 5th to the 9th centuries the Greek Patriarchs lived in the city of Alexandria, while the Coptic Patriarchs resided in the desert monastery of St. Macarius. (CNEWA) C. The Ethiopian ... Click to View C. Ruthenian Catholic Church: Bishop of Mukaèevo of the Byzantines; Bishop Ivan Semedi (A splinter group from the Orthodox Church) Click to View D. Romanian Catholic Church: Archbishop of Fagaras and Alba Iulia; Metropolitan Lucian Muresan (A splinter group from the Orthodox Church) Click to View E. Greek ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/orthodox-church-autocephalous-hierarchy-organization.htm

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Refuted: Anti-Trinitarians misuse these passages to prove the ... ... But there are so many examples where different things are linked to have a common effect, that Arians simply have no firm proof of anything. Here is a verse very close to Luke 1:35. God himself and His power are used in a "Hebrew parallelism". "I will also cut off the inhabitant from Ashdod ... I will even unleash My ... The word spirit is frequently "neuter gender" when it refers to the Father in Jn 4:24, to Jesus in 1Cor 15:45, to baby Jesus, in Mt 2:8, 11, 13, 14, 19-21, Such an argument displays a dismal understanding of the Greek language. #4 Anti-Trinitarian Proof Text Refuted The Bible calls the Holy Spirit an "it" 7 times proving He is not a person. John 1:32; Rom ... If Arians understand how a person can be a door that we go in and out of, then they should understand a person can be used to anoint another person. Obviously there is a type and antitype that is in play here. Incense in the Old testament is said to be our prayers in the New testament. Rev 5:8. It says the incense is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-holy-spirit-arian-proof-texts-refuted.htm

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The ark of the covenant is captured and Shiloh goes extinct. ... ... That name-Samuel-has also created an etymological and interpretive puzzle for generations of European and American scholars. The majority of interpreters have rejected the etymological link suggested in the text (vv. 17, 20, 27-28; 2:20) between the name šĕmûʾēl and the verb "ask" (šāʾal). However, consonantal and ... Greco-Roman ⅛ hin 11/6 pints .5 liter pots; pitchers; kettles; copper pots; copper bowls; vessels of bronze Hin Hebrew 1/6 bath 1 gallon or 4 quarts 4 liters hin; pints Bath/Batos Hebrew/Greek 1 ephah 6 gallons 22 liters gallon(s); barrels; liquid measure/gallons; barrels; measures Metretes Greco-Roman 10 hins 10 gallons 39 liters ... As for Elkanah, the sons of Elkanah were Zophai his son and Nahath his son, Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, Elkanah his son. The sons of Samuel were Joel the firstborn, and Abijah the second." (1 Chronicles 6:22-28) a. "And it came about when Samuel was old that he appointed his sons judges over Israel. Now the name of his ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-conquest-timeline-chronology-judges-1samuel-eli-samuel-philstines-capture-ark-1088bc.htm

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Paul said Mt. Sinai was in Saudi Arabia: Gal 4:25 ... For, that Mount Sinai is in the land of Hagar's children, whether or not the mountain bore her name, reveals in clear light the appropriateness of Paul's allegory." (Commentary on Galatians, Joseph Agar Beet, 1885 AD, Gal 4:25, p135) "What is actually new in Paul's argument lies in the first clause. The manuscript tradition of the text shows the ... In the vicinity of this modern city of Chegra, however, to which the Hagar/Ishmael traditions seem to be related, is also the possible location (according to the geographic concepts of the Old Testament) of Mount Sinai, on which Moses received the law. Not until around the fourth century C.E. was it located on the peninsula ... C. K. Barrett ("The Allegory of Abraham, Sarah, and Hagar," 163-64) notes that "a decisive consideration in favor of the long text is that the omission of Hagar leaves a bare piece of geographical information of little interest to the readers or relevance to the context." In the Greek text, Hagar is governed by the neuter ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-mt-sinai-arabia-gal-4-25.htm

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Messianic Bible Prophecy Fulfilled: Isaiah 7:14 Virgin Birth Yet the Temple scholars in Jerusalem understood it to be messianic and chose to translate the Greek Septuagint "virgin" as opposed to maiden. b. "It is also fair to point out that Matthew's interpretive method, throughout his writings, is quite typical of the best of ancient Jewish interpretation, reflecting literal interpretations, ... several other prophetic passages (in Matt. 2:23) as a play on words related to a title of the Messiah in the Tanakh (see vol. 4, 5.3). For Matthew-rightly so-the Hebrew Bible was the Messiah's Bible, and therefore, given that (1) Yeshua was literally Immanuel, God with us, (2) the Immanuel prophecy was clearly directed to the ... Was it not another important link in the chain of promises and prophecies given to David and his line?" (Answering Jewish Objections to Jesus: Messianic Prophecy Objections, Michael L. Brown, Isaiah 7:14, p27, 2003 AD) 3. Christians today know it is messianic because it is identified as such in Acts 2:30. Even so, the text ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/prophecy/Isaiah7-14-virgin-birth-two-fold-messianic-prophecy-fulfillment-Isaiah-Jesus-Rezin-Pekah-Herod-great.htm

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Kadesh Barnea Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol 29, No 1, 1910 ... ... As to the meaning of the name, the addition of the article in the Greek once (Num. 34 4 KaSns TOY Bapini) suggests that Barnea was understood as a man's name. The later Greek translations have apparently not been preserved in any passage. The Vetus Latina, as afterwards Jerome, simply transliterated (Cades Barne), and so also ... Lagarde,13 following a suggestion of G. Hoff- mann 14 that = 1211 was sometimes abbreviated into banna or and accepting the less supported reading 'Evva, declared that G had before him an Aramaic book and that the author of this Aramaic book found in his Hebrew text, not rt2, but ?WI, as did also the Trg., who explained TY by -rin ... SCHMIDT : KADESH BARNEA 67 that in the Byzantine period the old town of Kadesh had ceased to exist, and the name was sometimes applied to the episcopal city of Pharan in the immediate vicinity, or that the same place had had both names at different periods. In regard to the location of Kadesh Barnea, opinions were until the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-nathan-schmidt-kadesh-barnea-journal-of-biblical-literature-vol-29-no-1-1910ad.htm

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Qubur Bani megaliths: Location of Rachel's tomb, fulfilled prophcy ... ... Because the fruit exudes a distinctive and heady fragrance, and its sturdy, forked or intertwined root has torsolike features, the mandrake appears as a widely diffused folkloristic motif associated with aphrodisiac powers. Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, beauty, and sex, was given the epithet "hē mandragoriti," "Lady of the Mandrake." The Hebrew term dudaʾim is close in sound to dodim, "love." Indeed, the two are associated in The Song of Songs: "There I will give my love (dodai) to you. / The mandrakes (dudaʾim) yield their fragrance ... my beloved (dodi)" (7:13-14). While the text is silent on the reason for the intense interest in the mandrakes on the part ... It can hardly be coincidental that God is mentioned seven times in all." (JPS, Jewish Publication Society, Torah Commentary, Genesis 30:14, 1989 AD) d. "The mandrakes have given forth fragrance; And over our doors are all choice fruits, Both new and old, Which I have saved up for you, my beloved." (Song of Solomon 7:13) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Rachels-tomb-burial-died-Benjamin-Ramah-Bethlehem-weeping-children-Herod-great-slaughter-Jesus-Matt2-prophecy-fulfilled-Qubur-Bani-Bni-Israel-2000BC.htm

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Judean Governors, Procurtors and Prefects time of Jesus, first ... ... Bagohi: The sixth governor: 409 BC Archeology has found the Persian Elephantine Papyus with "Bagohi the satrap of Judah" and "Sanballat satrap of Samaria" in the text of the same "Temple Papyri" letter. This is the only reference to Bagohi we have and we would not know about him if we did not have the 28 Elephantine ... Nero (Nron Qsr = "666", Greek transliterated into Hebrew) 69 Caesars (3) Galba, Otho, Vitellius 69-79 Caesar Vespasian 79-81 Caesar Titus 81-96 Caesar Domitian 138-161 Caesar Antoninus Pius C. Chronological account of New Testament and Roman events 49 Julius Caesar (Emperor 1) crosses the Rubicon river, becomes dictator 44 Julius Caesar murdered. ... Claudius, gives Agrippa I all lands Herod the Great ruled 43 King Herod Agrippa I, kills James, dies of worms: Acts 12 (Because his son, Agrippa II is 17 year old, the territory given to Cuspius Fadus in 44 AD) 49-100 Herod Agrippa II becomes king, territory of Agrippa I 49 Jerusalem council, Paul's 2nd Journey: Acts 15 ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Coins-Judean-Governors-Satraps-Procurators-Prefects-Jesus-Herod-Antipas-Philip-Archelaus-Pilate-Agrippa-Felix-Festus-587BC-66AD.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Mishnah 200 AD ... Some relate the term to the Hebrew for "second" (sheni שֵׁנִי), implying that the Mishnah is a second TORAH, or as it was called by church fathers in Greek, deuterōsis (δευτέρωσις). Edited by Rabbi Judah, the patriarch of the Palestinian Jewish community in ca. 200 ce, ... Language and Date: Written in terse Hebrew, the Mishnah builds upon the Hebrew Bible in its attention to the latter's legal materials and language (lexicon and morphology) (Segal 1958: 5-12; 150). Nonetheless, the text stands quite independent of biblical antecedents, developing autonomous areas of interest that it expresses through very few, tightly controlled rhetorical patterns (Neusner 1981: 243-48). The Mishnah ... Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Mishnah-shanah-Rabbi-Judah-Akiba-oral-law-200ad.htm

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What Early Christians believed about USING INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC ... Such musical accompaniments were gradually introduced; but they can hardly be assigned to a period earlier than the fifth and sixth centuries. Organs were unknown in church until the eighth or ninth centuries. Previous to this, they had their place in the theater, rather than in ... We know that instruments performed an important function in the Hebrew temple service and in the ceremonies of the Greeks. At this point, however, a break was made with all previous practice, and although the lyre and flute were sometimes employed by the Greek converts, as a general rule the use of instruments in worship was condemned." ... "Many of the fathers, speaking of religious songs, made no mention of instruments; others, like Clement of Alexandria and St. Chrysostom, refer to them only to denounce them. Clement says, "Only one instrument do we use, viz. the cord of peace wherewith we honor God, no longer the old psaltery, trumpet, drum, and flute." Chrysostom exclaims: "David formerly sang in psalms, ... ... https://www.bible.ca/H-music.htm

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Eternal torment proved ... annihilation refuted ... This text provides a powerful argument for those who view the annihilation of men and the eternal continuity of the physical creation. Notice that 2 Pe 3 describes BOTH the "perishing (apollumi) of men" and "destruction (LOU) of creation". Two different words are used. Notice that "apollumi" is used to destruction of men and that LOU is used to describe the ... defiling the temple of God in 1 Cor. 3:17. The assumption that the words "destroy" and "destruction" automatically mean annihilation is not good English, much less good Hebrew or Greek. We can think of someone being "destroyed" or "wiped out" in an emotional sense without implying that the person has ceased to exist. ("Death and The Afterlife" by Robert Morey, p. 108-111) 2. "Perish" or "perished." In various forms the word "perish" appears 152 times in the KJV. In the Old Testament, there are 11 Hebrew words which are translated as "perish." The main word ahvad is the same word which is frequently translated as "destroy." ... ... https://www.bible.ca/su-annihilation-refuted.htm

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Synagogue Organization and Government: Elders, officials, attendants ... ... Scholars suggest that this title was synonymous with the Hebrew title nom unin (rosh ha-knesset). Rajak and Noy (1993:88-89) argue that he was a civic patron with a title and high standing in the community. The title is used in inscriptions found in the Land of Israel: in Jerusalem on the ... Inscriptions mentioning archisynagogoi on epitaphs are found at several sites in the Roman Empire, for example, at Aegina, Apamea, Ostia, and Hammam-Lif. Thirty-two inscriptions mentioning 40 archisynagogoi are dated to the first to sixth centuries CE. " (Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research, Rachel Hachlili, p19, 2013 AD) 2. Greek "archon": One of the Synagogue officials: ... Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Government-organization-Elders-officials-attendants-Synagogue-Independent-overseer-shepherd-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-prototype-ancient.htm

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A Treatise on Madness, William Battie, 1758 AD ... A Treatise on Madness William Battie, 1758 AD Scanned text from the original book: proofreaders Note: In the 18th century, an "f" was used in place of an "s". "fs" was used in place of "ss". Copyright 1969 by Brunner/Mazel, Inc. 80 East 11th Street, New York, N.Y. 10003 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-56287 ... This was the more novel because the students were not bound by the centuries-old tradi-tion which prevailed in Bethlehem and which was gospel for the profession. Besides being a psychiatric first, A Treatise on Madness contains some revolutionary (for that time) ideas, many of which are valid by today's criteria. At least Battie ... As to black Hellebore [Black hellebore, Helleborus officianalis which is drastically cathartic, was formerly regarded as a specific in mental illness. It is native to Greece and Asia Minor, but was especially associated with the town of Anticyra on the Greek coast near Delphi.], it is either not the drug which was recommended by ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/a-treatise-on-madness-william-battie-1758ad.htm

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Thutmoses III was Pharaoh of the Exodus in 1446 BC ... Hatshepsut is "Pharaoh's daughter" who adopted Moses: Click to View Hatshepsut, is the only candidate for the "Pharaoh's daughter" who drew Moses out of the Nile. Born in 1541 BC, she would have been 15 years old when Moses was born in 1526. Hatshepsut's father was Thutmoses I and her mother was Queen Amoses. Queen Ahmose had four children with Thutmosis I, but three ... These variant spellings include: Tuthmosis, Tuthmose, Thotmes. Remember that the name "Thutmoses" was written in hieroglyphics (pictures), but the name Moses is written in Hebrew and Greek. Because we are certain of how Moses' name was spelled in English, and that he got his name from Hatshepsut, the daughter of Thutmoses I, the modern archeological world, and all Bible students would be both prudent and correct to spell the 18th dynasty pharaohs as "Thutmoses". This is a case of using the inspired text of the Bible to teach Egyptologists how to correctly spell the Thutmoses 18th dynasty of pharaohs! Click to View ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-date-1440bc.htm

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History of crucifixion and archeological proof of the cross, ... Although in the Old Testament the corpses of blasphemers or idolaters punished by stoning might be handged "on a tree" as further humiliation (Deut. 21:23), actual crucifixion was not introduced in Palestine until Hellenistic times. The Seleucid Antiochus IV Epiphanes crucified those Jews who would not accept hellenization (Josephus Ant. xii.240-41; cf 1 Macc. 1:44-50). Archeological proof of the cross, as opposed to a stake. (Text and photo is From Refuting Jehovah's Witnesses, by Randall ... In June of 1968, bulldozers working north of Jerusalem accidentally laid bare tombs dating from the first century B.C. and the first century A.D. Greek archeologist Vasilius Tzaferis was instructed by the Israeli Department of Antiquities to ... In 1945 a family tomb was discovered in Jerusalem by Prof. E.L. Sukenik of the Museum of Jewish Antiquities of the Hebrew University. Prof. Sukenik is the world's leading authority on Jewish ossuaries. Note his findings: Two of the ossuaries bear the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-history-archeology-crucifixion-cross.htm

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Date written: John the Gospel of John in AD 98 The rumour that went out among the brethren was unique to John, in spite of the fact that in AD 66 he was likely about 66 years old. The rumour was special to John because many of the young 20 year old disciples baptized in AD 60 also believed that John would even outlive them! The only ... C. Internal Evidence #3: The Gospel of John was NOT written for Jews in Jerusalem because he translates Hebrew words for the Greeks. (see section above) D. Internal evidence #4: John 5:2 does NOT prove John was written before 70 AD: 1. THE TEXT: "Now there is [Strongs # 2052] in Jerusalem by the sheep gate a pool, which is called in Hebrew Bethesda, having five porticoes." (John 5:2) 2. False Argument: If John was ... The presence of the church would overthrow and obliterate the local cult." (ABD, Beth-Zatha) 7. Conclusion: The Pool of Bethsaida was not destroyed in AD 70 but preserved by the Romans and continued to be used for centuries afterwards. E. Eusebius: External Literary Source #1: Eusebius ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-commentary-Steven-Rudd-Date-Revelation-written-66AD-Gospel-of-John-98AD.htm

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The false doctrine of Roman Catholic apostolic succession! ... This is another example of their twisting of the Scriptures to prove their own doctrine. The Greek word "presbyter" does not mean "priest" and no reputable Greek scholar has ever rendered it as such. The word simply means "an old man, an elder." He had to have "believing children" (Titus 1:6), and, thus, only older men were ... This is another devious attempt to give Scriptural support to the Catholic priesthood. In both of the foregoing verses, the word "priest," singular or plural, is a mis-translation. The Greek text used the word "presbuteros" in one of its forms which is correctly rendered, "elder" or "elders." James 5:14 - "Is any man sick among you? ... later period of ecclesiastical history the general belief in the divine institutions of the episcopate, presbyteriate, and diaconate can be verified and thence followed on through the centuries. But the dogmatic truth cannot be traced back to Christ Himself by analysis of strict historical testimony." (Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cath-apostolic-succession.htm

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Footnoting Policy of Watchtower, and actual footnotes to their ... ... IX, (Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI) p. 91. 62." The Church of the First Three Centuries", by Alvan Lamson, 1860 edition, p. 34. 63. "Outlines of the History of Dogma," by Adolf Harnack, 1957 edition, (Beacon Press, Beacon Hill, Boston, MA) p. 194. 64. "Ibid". 65. "A Statement of ... of Old and New Testament Words", by W. E. Vine, 1981, (Fleming H. Revell Co., Old Tappan, NJ) p. 140. 73. "The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible", by James Strong, 1890, (Abingdon Press, NY) pp. 20, 49. 74. "A Greek and English Lexicon of the New Testament", by Edward Robinson, 1850, (Harner & Brothers, Publishers, NY) p. 471. 75." Theological Dictionary of the New Testament", edited by Gerhard Kittel, 1967, Vol. ... Literature) p. 85. 114. "The New Testament in an Improved Version, Upon the basis of Archbishop Newcome's New Translation: With A Corrected Text," 1808, (Richard Taylor and Co., London). 115. "The Emphatic Diaglott" by Benjamin Wilson, 1864, (Fowler & Wells Co., Publishers, NY). 116. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-jw-anti-trinity-booklet-footnotes.htm

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Joel 2:28, Promise of the Father, Baptism of the Holy Spirit ... Elisha may have had the gift of interpretation of tongues by interpreting the Aramaic language ambush plans spoken by the king of Damascus in his bedroom for the Hebrew speaking king of Israel (2 Kings 6:12). The same gifts we find in the New Testament, we see in the Old ... Although the Holy Spirit is literally giving a gift of supernatural power to the Christian, it is described by metonymy as receiving the Holy Spirit Himself. d. The Holy Spirit indwells the Christian miraculously the same way he indwelt Old Testament saints. e. The gift of the Holy Spirit in Acts 2:38 is not an automatic consequence of repentance of Baptism for the remission of sins. f. The Greek word for and (kai) has "has three ... Old Testament Metaphors of Miraculous Gifts: Num 11:29 "Would that all the LORD'S people were prophets, that the LORD would put His Spirit upon them" Metaphor of Miraculous Text Indwelling: filled with spirit Exod 31:3; + 36:1-2; 35:31; Deut 34:9; Micah 3:8 Indwelling: Spirit ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/holyspirit/Gift-of-the-Holy-Spirit-miraculous-Joel2-28-Promise-of-the-Father-Baptism-Acts2-38.htm

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Official creed of the Orthodox church ... LITURGY is a term used to describe the shape or form of the Church's corporate worship of God. The word liturgy derives from a Greek word which means "the common work". All the biblical references to worship in heaven involve liturgy. In the Old Testament, God ordered a liturgy, or specific pattern of worship. We find it described in detail in the books of Exodus and Leviticus. In the New Testament we find the Church carrying over the worship of the Old Testament Israel as expressed in both the synagogue and the temple, adjusting them in keeping with their fulfillment in Christ. The Orthodox Liturgy, which developed over many centuries, still maintains that ancient shape of worship. The main elements in the Liturgy include ... Sex is a gift of God to be fully enjoyed and experiences only within marriage. The marriage bed is to be kept "pure and undefiled" (Hebrew 13:4), and men and women are called to remain celibate outside of marriage. Our sexuality, like many other things about us ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cr-Orthodox.htm

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Hebrew, Jewish, Yehuda, Bible coins of the Persian Empire ... Archeology has found the Persian Elephantine Papyus with "Bagohi the satrap of Judah" and "Sanballat satrap of Samaria" in the text of the same "Temple Papyri" letter. This is the only reference to Bagohi we have and we would not know about him if we ... the transitional period between the Persian and Greek empires. Archeology has found two coins with his name as governor. We know about him only through coins he minted Some coins contained the full inscription naming Hezekiah as the governor: "YHZQKYH HPHH" (Yehezqiyah the Satrap) (Meshorer: Coins 22-23); Others, like this one, "YHZQYH" (Yehezqiyah) (Meshorer: Coins 24-26) only mention Hezekiah without the PHH (Hebrew: Peheh) See the page on Yehezqiyah "Hezekiah" for more details on his coin! ... Now he was living by the oaks of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and brother of Aner, and these were allies with Abram." (Genesis 14:13) Yehudim is a unique word in the Old Testament the Babylonians and Persians used to refer to the Hebrew ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-539-333BC.htm

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Schools, Education and Literacy of Jews In Synagogues SCHOOLS AND LITERACY OF JEWS IN SYNAGOGUES A. History of Jewish Literacy: 1. The Jewish nation is the historically most literate of any nation on earth. 2. Hebrew was the first formal alphabet on earth in 1850 BC from which all other alphabets are derived including English. 3. In 1446 BC Moses mandated father's ... Greek and Latin papyrus documents (300 BC - 300 AD) found at the Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus in 1882 AD by Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt in the city dump evidence the high level of literacy among the general population. a. 10% of the papyri were Greek fragments of almost every book of both the Old and new Testament and other important classical writings. b. ... Providence: God's eternal plan: The providential transition from Temple to Synagogue to Church Origin: Synagogues originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint Jesus the Messiah of the Tanakh: 1. First Century Jewish Messianic Expectation: As witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. 2. Looking for the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Schools-ancient-Synagogue-Literacy-of-Jews-education-reading-writing-first-century-early-Christian-Church-New-Testament-worship-patterned-prototype-liturgy.htm

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Encyclopedia Americana ... Do Anti-Trinitarians reject the existence of Jehovah because he is, like the Trinity itself, beyond reason? The quote doesn't prove anything. Full text TRINITY, The central and characteristic Christian doctrine of God is that He exists in Three Persons, the ... Furthermore, these two terms are, in English, only the rough equivalents of their Latin originals, which had far wider connotations than the English words now possess. The term "Trinity" (Greek Trias) was first used by Theophilus of Antioch (fl. c. 180 A.D.), and provide a convenient term of reference, though it did not provide a definition. The scriptural data for the doctrine of God begins in the Old Testament, which lays the greatest emphasis upon pure monotheism: God ... Eventually, Judaism emerged from the long struggle as a religion with one and only one God, the purest monotheism in the ancient world. Such expressions as "Let us make man" (Genesis 1:26) is probably only an echo of the early Hebrew, conception of a divine ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-Americana.htm

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Morenz, Siegfried: Egyptian Religion ... during the last centuries of Egyptian paganism. (Egyptian Religion, Siegfried Morenz, p254-257) The multifarious links between Egypt and Judaeo-Christian scriptures and trinitarian theology can already be traced with some degree of plausibility. ... Full Text: "It is most important that this point should be properly understood and appreciated. In one of the few cases where a concept that figures in the New Testament has been taken to be ultimately of Egyptian origin, Jesus' parable of Dives and Lazarus, [rich man and Lazarus: Luke 16] it has quite correctly been assumed that this transmission took place by way of Jewish material. How complex the process may be within the Egyptian tradition itself, and how large a part was played by Greek ... , which was originally Egyptian.", The way in which Egyptian influence made itself felt is fairly clear in those cases where it first affected images in the Old Testament (including the Apocrypha) which were later taken over by New Testament writers. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-Morenz.htm

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Trinity: "Plural of Majesty", "pluralis majestaticus", "singular ... ... Archer, p.359, commenting on whether Gen 1:26 is a "plural of majesty") "The best answer that they [Old Hebrew lexicographers and grammarians] could give was that the plural form used for the name (or title) of God was the 'pluralis majestatis,' that is the plural of majesty...to say nothing of the fact that it is not at all certain that the 'pluralis majestatis' is ever found in the Old Testament, there is an explanation much nearer at hand and much simpler, and that is, that a plural name ... God uses the plural, just as kings do, as a mark of dignity (the so-called "plural of majesty"), but it is only late in Jewish history that such a form of speech occurs, and then it is used by Persian and Greek rulers (Esdr. iv. 18; 1 Mace. x. 19). ... If the Holy Spirit intended to use these plural references of God as "singular of intensity", then why does He intensify both creator and creation alike? Obviously the, "Plural of Majesty" does not explain these plural references. text Plural noun ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-oneness-unity-plural-of-majesty-pluralis-majestaticus-royal-we.htm

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Prophetic language of Mt 24 found throughout the Old Testament AD and rip the passage out of context and apply it to the second coming today. 5. To use Zephaniah as a proof text of the rapture, a doctrine that did not exist before 1830 AD is ignorance gone to seed and is a comedy of false doctrinal errors! 6. Important note: Zeph 1 & Jer 4 are unquestionably parallel. ... "Dark day for Iraq" Iraq 1991 III. Other prophetic language explained: A. Clouds Clouds: Indicate Divine Power: PS 104:3-4 B. Send Angels MT 24:31 Angel means messenger Hebrew: "malak": angel(s)-110x; messenger(s)-100x; ambassadors-2x; envoys-1x Greek: "Aggellos": Angel(s)-89x; messenger(s)-7x Usage of angel in NT: Created beings superior to man: Acts 23:8; Heb 1:7,14 John the ... Such language is the way the prophets described, in prophetic language, the physical destruction of a specific nation. 3. It has been applied to countless Old Testament nations that were destroyed. 4. Mt 24 is not speaking of the second coming, but the coming of God in judgment upon Jerusalem in 70 AD. 5. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/pre-mt24-prophetic-language.htm

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Ralph P. Martin: The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians ... '1983) and Philippians (NCB, i976=iggo), pp. 94-0. Of the many recent studies one deserves special mention: C. F. D. Moule, 'Further Reflections on Philippians 2:5-1" in Apostolic History and the Gospel, pp. 264-276.) The association of thought is the Old Testament, and there is an implied contrast between the two Adams. ... Admittedly the LXX translates the Hebrew 'ebed Yahweh by pais and not doulos as in the verse here, but this is not an insuperable difficulty as both terms are used interchangeably, and Aquila reads ho doulos in place of the Lxx ho pais in Isaiah 52:13. Much has also been made of the use of Isaiah 53 in understanding verse 7. The expression of our text heauton eken6sen, 'he emptied himself, is found nowhere else in Greek and is grammatically harsh, a fact which may point to an underlying Semitic original, of which our verse is a translation. Jeremias finds this original in Isaiah 53:12: 'he poured out his life unto death', declaring that 'the expression implies the ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-Martin.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC ... But the mountain of Seir is already a fixed expression, reminiscent of the Hebrew phrase Mount Seir.26 What we learn from this is limited but of some value, namely that Seir was hilly (as in Hebrew sources), and that in the 13th century BC it was worth Ramesses II either raiding ... "I destroyed the Seirites, the clans of the Shasu, I pillaged their tents [using the West Semitic term ' °hell, with their people, their property, and their livestock likewise, without limit... (text, Erichsen 1933:93; translation, e.g. ANET:262:I; cf. Grdseloff 1947:87-88)." ... The consequent scarcity of tangible physical remains in the archaeological record is, therefore, not surprising; cf. above on the tented tribal kings of the Old Babylonian period. Moab, and especially Edom, should be considered mainly as 'tented kingdoms', likewise, in at any rate the 13th to perhaps the 9th centuries BC, as a result. A century or more later brings us to a peculiar, perhaps literary letter of c. 1000 BC (at least in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City ... ... 2001; Guzzo & Schneider 2002; Gleuck 1959; 1965; Hammond 1973; Levy 1999; Auge & Denzer 2000; Bowersock 1983; Bourbon 1999; Browning 1982) detail the many cultural and developmental influences the city experienced over many centuries of existence. ... This subterranean canal indicates that low-angle surveying technology was already understood - perhaps a borrowing from Greek and Roman geometric traditions (Cohen & Drabkin 1966; Lewis 2001). Combined with hydraulics knowledge from earlier sources ... The limited water resources (springs and rainfall capture) and complex mountainous terrain of the Petra area, however, meant that old ideas required new thinking to produce a distributed water system that provided a constant, year-round water supply, ... Figure 1 shows details of the supply and distribution system leading water to the urban core of Petra. Numbered locations (in round brackets throughout the text) denote major buildings, temples and site features as listed in the key to Figure 1. Also ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-water-supply-of-petra-charles-r-ortloff-2005.htm

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Difficult Questions for Mormons to answer Would not their existence prove once for all that Mormonism is truth? God allowed the Jews to carry the 10 commandments for several centuries in their original physical form, written by the finger of God Himself! "Will you, as a Mormon, please read the Bible cover to ... Book of Mormon Script Why are Greek names such as Lachoneus, Timothy, Jonas, and Alpha & Omega in a book that should have absolutely no Greek influence? Why aren't there other examples of "Reformed Egyptian" in Ancient America? Why doesn't a linguistical relationship exist between any native American language and ancient Egyptian or Hebrew? How did the Book of Mormon language evolve so rapidly into non-related Indian languages? Indo-European is much older than ... jumped from plural ('ye') to singular ('thou') in the same sentence (Mos. 4:22) and moved from verbs without endings to ones with endings (e.g. 'yields . . . putteth,' 3:19)." (The Use of the Old Testament in the Book of Mormon, by Wesley P. Walters, 1990, page 30). ... ... https://www.bible.ca/mor-questions.htm

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Refuted: The Christadelphian view of Resurrection, Judgement ... ... Romans 2:9-16 There will be tribulation and distress for every soul of man who does evil, of the Jew first and also of the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace to every man who does good, to the Jew first and also to the Greek. 11 For there is no partiality with God. 12 For all who have sinned without the Law will also perish without the Law; and all ... Problem is that "rephaim" is a common Hebrew word used many places in the Old Testament for nothing more than fully human men who have died. The term is used to clearly indicate conscious life after death, not the product of some Angel-human sexual encounter. Of course the fatal blow to this ridiculous interpretation is the fact that while Isa 26:14 says the "rephaim" will not rise, v 19 says that the "rephaim will rise". Obviously both refer to human spirits. Click to View Christadelphian Proof Text #4 Refuted: Proverbs 21:16 Prov. 21:16 "A man who wanders from the way of understanding will rest in the assembly of the dead." First, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-christadelphian-resurrection-judgement-hell.htm

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500 Flood stories prove Noah's Ark is real history: Epic of Gilgamesh ... The Search for Noah's Ark with Steven Rudd Epic of Atra-Hasis: 1635 BC noahs-ark-flood-creation-stories-myths-epic-of-atra-hasis-old-babylonian-akkadian-cuneiform-flood-creation-tablet-1635bc.jpg The Epic of Atra-Hasis Click to View Old-babylonian: ... in New York. 4. Although there are several different tablets written centuries apart, the oldest copy is dated to 1646-1626 BC, pictured above. 5. That dates the story of Atrah-Hasis to 1646-1626 BC during the reign of Ammi-saduqa, king of Babylon. ... Low ranking god of water (later Greek: Neptune) who led the rebellion of the lower gods against the higher gods to escape their work and toil. Later Enki is the one who tells Atra-hasis to build an ark. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Ea betrayed Enlil and ... D. Summary of the 3 tablets: 1. Summary Tablet 1: [Full text of Tablet 1] The story opens at a time before men were created and the supreme council (Anunnaki) of highest ranking gods (Anu the king, Enlil: counselor warrior, Ninurta: Chamberlain, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ark/noahs-ark-flood-creation-stories-myths-epic-of-atra-hasis-old-babylonian-akkadian-cuneiform-flood-creation-tablet-1635bc.htm

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Peutinger Map: A Translation of Bible Cities and the Exodus Route ... Even so, a vast range of classical authors' works no longer survives. Of those that do, an alarmingly high number are preserved in just a single copy, and there is no manuscript of any classical text that survives from its author's own time, or even ... More-over, the workmanlike style of many German manuscripts matches that of the map. Paleographical evaluation of the imp is hindered, however, by its lack of any long, continuous text and the absence of all hook decoration. On the basis of the ... Archeology has located Byzantine churches at all of the locations on the Peutinger map. 4. "Suggestions generally range from the first through the fourth or even early fifth centuries c.e. Those favoring the later end of the chronological spectrum ... and Emmaus, he did not indicate its continuation along the borderlands to Beth Guvrin via the two Gaths, that is, the old Danite town of Gath-rimmon/Gittaim (twelve miles south of Lydda; Eusebius, Onom. 70.14-16, 71.15-17) and the larger center ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-Tabula-Peutingeriana-Peutinger-map-byzantine-cities-towns-list-translation-Israel-mount-sinai-gulf-of-aqaba-1265ad.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... ... However, unlike numerous other Central Negev strongholds, which were not rebuilt, at Kadesh-barnea a new fortress was erected over the ruins of the old, and it is this that makes the site unique. The middle fortress had a completely different ground ... After the destruction of the upper fortress, an unwalled settlement was established on the site in the Persian period (5th-4th centuries B.C.E.). There are indications that some of the casemate rooms of the fortress, particularly along the east side, ... The majority of the finds from this period, however, come from pits dug into levels of the earlier settlements. These include storage-jars, juglets, bowls, and imported Greek vessels. The Handmade Pottery Together with the wheelmade pottery, crude ... No ostraca were found in the earliest fortress, which is not surprising in view of the fact that very few ostraca from the 10th century B.C.E. are known. Two ostraca were found in the middle fortress. One is inscribed with the Hebrew word I'dny (to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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Harnack, Adolf: Outlines of the History of Dogma ... the pen of the Catholic Modernist, Father George Tyrell, 'The Christ that what Harnack sees, looking back through nineteen centuries of Catholic darkness, is only the reflection of a Liberal Protestant face, seen at the bottom of a deep well." (Colin Brown, ... His programme of radical 'cleansing' of the New Testament reduced the canonical text to Luke-Acts and the Pauline epistles, but even these could not be understood apart from their Jewish background, and had to be purged. Marcion's hermenutical project virtually destroyed the New Testament along with the Old, and the church has never been tempted to follow his lead, however much it may have allegorized or even ignored the Jewish Scriptures." (Bray, Gerald, Biblical ... A. Harnack had already defined the development of dogma as the progressive hellenization of the gospel, as the transplanting of the gospel of Jesus 'into Greek modes of thought', a process which goes back to Paul himself. The History of Religions school ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-Harnack.htm

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The Exodus Route: Travel times, distances, rates of travel, days ... ... This expression also recalls the time designations on this very day (12:17) and that very day (12:51), expressions almost identical to the one here." (Believers Church Bible Commentary, Waldemar Janzen, Exodus 19:1, 2000 AD) c. "On the third new moon the closer definition "on that very day" shows that Hebrew ḥodesh, ... Seder Olam therefore is in error by saying Pentecost occurred on a Sabbath rather than a Sunday. This is just another in series of revisions where Jews in AD 160 at Zippori changed Masoretic Text and key chronological events in the Old Testament to disconnect Jesus Christ as the Messiah. In truth, Pentecost always fell on a Sunday and although they could not ... for the giving of the Torah" (Midrash, Tanḥuma C, Derech Hashem, Part Four, On Divine Service and the Calendar, Manuscript C, 1735 AD) C. Calendar of events from Goshen to Sinai: Days 1-47 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat - - - Goshen Nisan 14: Passover lambs killed before sunset and eaten on Nisan 15 Wed evening. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-travel-times-distances-days.htm

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Christianity Wasn't Influenced by Pagan Religions! ... Thus, it is worth remembering that the post-Ptolemaic mystery version of the Isis cult that was in circulation from about 300 B.C. through the early centuries of the Christian era had absolutely nothing that could resemble a dying and rising ... The best available evidence requires us to date the ritual about one hundred years after Paul wrote Romans 6:1-4. Not one existing text supports the claim that the taurobolium memorialized the death and "resurrection" of Attis. The pagan rite could ... The New Testament teaching about the shedding of blood should be viewed in the context of its Old Testament background -- the Passover and the temple sacrifice. Mithraism Attempts to reconstruct the beliefs and practices of Mithraism face enormous ... washings after A.D. 100 come too late to influence the New Testament and, indeed, might themselves have been influenced by Christianity.[11] Sacred meals in the pre-Christian Greek mysteries fail to prove anything since the chronology is all wrong. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/trinity/trinity-pagan-christianity.htm

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Mosaic Legal system, no jails or prisons vs. slavery comparison ... This translation (NIV) of Deut 15:18a, the conclusion of the deuteronomic law concerning a Hebrew slave, represents in modern language a very old traditional understanding of that verse. That traditional reading was challenged by M. Tsevat in 1958. Tsevat argued that משנה in Deut 15:18 ... Mištannu, on the other hand, is not a common word at all. Wiseman would relate it etymologically to the verb šanû, "to repeat, do again" (the Akkadian cognate of Hebrew שנה). But mištannu has not to my knowledge been found anywhere in the entire Akkadian corpus except for Alalakh Text 3. Akkadian has well-attested derivatives from šanû, but this word is not one of them. A genuine semantic parallel for ... He goes on to note that the element mišta- can easily be explained from an Indo-Aryan etymology: *miždhá->mīḍhá- [Sanskrit] "pay, price" (cf. Greek μισθός, "pay, hire"). Thus if Mayrhofer is correct, mištannu is not a Semitic word at all, and the possibility of any direct ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/sin-no-jails-prisons-in-judaism-old-testament-law-of-moses-slavery-welfare-jewish-comparison.htm

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593 BC Nubian Expedition of Psammetichus II, Demotic papyri in ... ... However no real administrative reform took place. The local administrative units, the nomes, became tax collectors' districts, and outmoded titles dating back to the Old and Middle Kingdoms were employed, but no major reorganization of the finances or bureaucracy was apparently needed. ... "Most scholars who have analyzed the letter have concluded that the author cannot have been the man he represented himself to be but was a Jew who wrote a fictitious account in order to enhance the importance of the Hebrew Scriptures by suggesting that a pagan king had recognized their significance and therefore arranged for their translation into Greek." (The Bible in Translation, Bruce Metzger, p 15, 2001 AD) ... Ezekiel 29:1-2, 1998 AD, 588 BC) Conclusion: What we read in the book, we find in the ground, or in this case in the Papyrus Pushkin 127 manuscript that dates to 1001 BC. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for comments, input or corrections. Click to View Go To Start: WWW.BIBLE.CA ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Psammetichus-Psamtik-II-Demotic-Papyrus-IX-Expedition-Nubia-Philistia-Syria-Palestine-pilgrimage-Byblos-John-Rylands-El-Hibeh-Egypt-595-589BC.htm

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Apostate church organization: 150-250AD: The rise of the single ... ... Knowing then, brethren, of what kind of heresy was Marcion- [Here follows a sentence where the text is faulty.]... From others who used this very gospel-I mean from the successors of those who started it, whom we call Docetae; for most of its ideas ... The apostolical organization of the first century now gives place to the old Catholic episcopal system [one bishop heading each church]; and this, in its turn, passes into the metropolitan [one diocesan bishop over many churches], and after the fourth century into the patriarchal [one bishop over many other diocesan bishops]. Here the Greek church stopped, and is governed to this day by a hierarchical oligarchy of patriarchs equal in rank and jurisdiction; while the Latin church went a step ... Tertullian, to be sure, in one instance applied to the Roman bishop higher epithets than are anywhere else found in the literature of the first three centuries, calling him the "sovereign pontiff, the bishop of bishops." But he used these terms in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ntx-organization-historical-development-papal-patriarchal-systems-150-250AD.htm

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The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD ... The domestication of the camel and its use in long-distance overland traveling and hauling can probably be dated to the thirteenth or twelfth centuries BCE (Albright 1940:107,120; Walz 1951; 1954:47- 50). Commercial water routes were in operation as ... Bibli-cal Archaeology Review XV(3):20-34. 1991a Texts and Archaeology: Weighing the Evidence. The Case for King Solomon. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 123:19-27 1991b Solomon: Text and Archaeology. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 123:117-8. 1992 Assyrian Involvement in Edom. Pp. 35-39 in. Early Edom and Moab The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan, edited by P Bienkowsk. Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 7. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. Miller, J. M. 1987 Old Testament ... Cohen has excavated dozens of fortresses in the Negev, studying their role—and that of the accompanying settlements—in the history of the region. Yigal Yisrael earned his BA in archaeology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. For approximately ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-iron-age-fortresses-negev-ein-haseva-rudolph-cohen-1995ad.htm

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The Jerusalem Water Aqueduct from the Solomon's Pools: ... It is the earliest reference to the Septuagint (LXX) and documents Ezekiel 17:15 where king Zedekiah sends troops in 593 BC to Psammetichus II (Psamtik II), king of Egypt 595-589 BC. iii. Now the letter was written in 150 AD, so clearly the aqueduct ... been pointed out." (R.H. Charles-Editor, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1913) (Letter of Aristeas 83-91, Pseudepigrapha of Greek Court-official 278-270 BC. Actual: Written by Jew in 150 BC) 4. There is another pool called "Solomon's pool" in Jerusalem ... If you were going to upgrade, repair or replace on older aqueduct, you would simply dig up the old one and since the sections cut in stone and basic level were already easy to follow. c. To argue that the three pools at Etam and the aqueduct do not ... Some of them also used reproaches, and abused the man, as crowds of such people usually do." (Josephus, Antiquities 18.60) 8. Jehoshaphat assembled his army in the valley of Berachah [Hebrew = Blessing/pools] which may have been at the pools of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-threshing-floor-aqueduct.htm

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