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Basta, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea. slaughterhouse, crop storage ... ... The sophisticated, high quality pottery that has been excavated in ancient Eridu (and many other places in Nimrod's kingdom) before the Tower of Babel provides good evidence that "stone age" ... responsible for a rapid filling of the rooms (especially during their decay), thus causing high wall preservation - re-use and maintenance of major walls/ terrace walls helped their continuous ... All of these features indicate a different pattern of animal utilization at Mount Ebal to that found at other Iron Age habitation sites." (Faunal Remains from Mount Ebal, Liora Kolska Horwitz, Tel Aviv ... and the biblical dietary laws (Deut. 14 and Lev. 11) were already written and redacted. The low presence of pigs in Maqatir may also be related to the local environment, which is semi-arid and not optimal for raising pigs (see e.g. Horwitz and Studer 2005)". (Faunal Bone Report by Abra Spiciarich and Lidar Sapir-Hen, December 2017 AD) 3. Shiloh: a. "Most of the material of this stratum came ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-Basta-storage-slaughter-house-city-100000-bones.htm

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The Destruction of Jerusalem - George Peter Holford, 1805AD ... of these predictions was confined to the term of his mission and the limits of his country, the accomplishment of others extended to all nations, and to every future age of the world. ... it has just been remarked, was built upon a high rock : but these towers were erected upon the top of a hill, the summit of which was itself thirty cubits above the top of the old wall ! ... In the midst of the fort stood the castle of Antonia, the interior parts of which, for grandeur, state, and convenience, resembled more a palace than a fortress. Viewed from a distance it had the appearance of a tower, encompassed by four other ... that from thence they should see the walls of Jerusalem fall down at his command, as, a prelude to the capture of the Roman garrison, and to their obtaining the sovereignty of the city. ... It could not have been opened by a "strong gust of wind," or a slight earthquake;" for Josephus says, it was secured by iron bolts And bars, which were let down into a large threshold; ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/pre-destruction70AD-george-holford-1805AD.htm

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Transjordan Early Edom And Moab 1900 BC Early Edom And Moab The Beginning of the Iron Age in Southern Jordan edited by Piotr Bienkowski 1992 AD (Early Edom And Moab, Egyptian evidence on Ancient Jordan; K. A. Kitchen, Editor: Piotr Bienkowski, 1992 AD) The Egyptian Evidence on Ancient Jordan K.A. Kitchen The written historical sources for the lands of the Jordan plateau, between rift valley and outer desert, come for periods before c. 1000 BC almost entirely from pharaonic Egypt, seconded by a limited amount of biblical tradition. ... A few decades ago, clearances by the exterior east wall of the forecourt of Ramesses II at the temple of Luxor laid bare two whole registers of war-scenes of Ramesses II (Kitchen 1964; texts, recollated, KRI II:179-183). The names of forts in the ... Lindner and Farajat 1987)? Umm el-Ala: an Edomite fortress south of Petra It was by pure chance that after Baja III another Iron II (Edomite) site should have been discovered. When I was invited by the then Director-General of the Department of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomites-early-edom-and-moab-piotr-bienkowski-1992ad.htm

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Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... We should not rely on this story to restore the borders of Judah." We feel it is important for the reader to know the anti-biblical bias of Raz Kletter as he reads his work. (Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in Relation ... The bronze tablet of the treaty between Tudhaliya IV and Kurunta, king of Tarhuntasha, is a good example of a border definition (Otten 1988). None of the above-mentioned cases are later than Iron Age Judah (there are, of course, many later examples, including bor-ders defined structurally by defenses, e.g., Hadrian's wall in Britain or the ... Goff, B. L. 1979 Symbols of Ancient Egypt in the Late Period: The Twenty-First Dynasty. Religion and Soci-ety 13. New York: Mouton. Goodenough, E. R. 1956- Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period. 1958 Bollingen ... Pp. 249-99 in Ancient Israelite Religion: Es-says in Honor of Frank Moore Cross, eds. P. D. Miller, P. D. Hanson, and S. D. McBride. Phil-adelphia: Fortress. Holland, T. A. 1975 A Typological and Archaeological Study ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm

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The Onomasticon by Eusebius (325AD) and the Exodus route Second, he defines Midian, as in modern Saudi Arabia, where Jethro and the Ishmaelites lived. Eusebius says that Tamar (Thamar, Asasonthamar) is "located near the wilderness of Cades" (Kadesh ... It is said he was also king of Madiam. Footnote #: 773. Rekem. Numbers 31:8; K. 144:7; L. 280:94. Identity and summary of biblical information (Joshua 13:21; Numbers 31:8; cf. K. 142:7 and ... walk (32 km) from Kurnub which is generally identified with Mapsis (cf. also Avi-Yonah) and has a large Roman fort as well as Nabatean and Iron II sherds. The Madaba Map using Jerome's spelling has located properly Mampsis. ... The Madaba Map copies Eusebius with all three names listed: "Balak which is also Sēgōr or now Zoora" and picturing a fortress with palm trees. Zoora is also Soora (K. 15:19) and Zogera (K. ... The biblical information is here summarized from I Samuel 15:7, Exodus 15:22, and Numbers 27:14. In Interpretation of Hebrew Names "Gerara, he saw a chewing of the cud or a garden wall" (66). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-ancient-geographers-eusebius-onomasticon-323ad.htm

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Ein El Qedeis: "Piltdown Kadesh" Kadesh Barnea: 1881 - 1916 AD ... Halak is likely to have led them through the Valley of Moses and put the reputed resting-place of Aaron in Petra." (Kadesh Barnea, Nathan Schmidt, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol 29, no ... Click to View Quseima Click to View Nahas Click to View K. Ajrud Click to View Elat/Kheleifeh Click to View Haseva Click to View Loz D. The shape of all the fortresses: Click to View The ... in the line of the casemate wall. It is bordered on each side by casemate rooms and included two small confronting guardrooms (ca. 2.00 m. wide X 3.00 m. long); these reduce the width of the passageway to ca. 2.50 m., which is narrowed even further by a rectangular pier. This passageway was found blocked by stones. (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central Negev, Rudolph Cohen, 1979 AD) E. Negev pottery found at Ein ... One phase of occupation was detected in the fortress, but to the northwest of the hill are traces of a small settlement (Rothenberg 1967: pl. 46)." (The Iron Age Fortresses in the Central ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-fortresses-ein-qedeis.htm

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Origin of the Philistines, Sea Peoples, Pentapolis Cities, Goliath ... Of course, Qeiyafa did not exist at the time of the battle in 1025 BC, but David built the circular fortress as a monument to the great battle. b. The circular outer gates of the city ... Pictured below are 100 flint nodule sling stones used in war the size of tennis balls excavated by the author at Kh. Maqatair (Biblical Ai of Joshua, Ephraim of Jesus in John 11) B. Many ... VII. Philistine war gear: Feathered and horned helmets, spears and shields: 1177 BC A. The large stone wall relief in the Medinet Habu in Thebes, in the 8th year, shows the two different kinds of Philistine helmets. 1. Here are stone carvings of the classic "feather" Philistine helmit as well as the "horned" Philistine helmets. VIII. Philistines trigger collapse of Bronze Age and mark beginning of Iron age: 1177 BC A. Discussion ... This will require shifting their lowest stratum layers with "Philistine Pottery" back at least 300 years into the LB age. c. Since "Philistine monochrome Pottery" debuted in the 12th ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-origin-of-the-Philistines-Pentapolis-Sea-Peoples-Crete-Rameses-III-Medinet-Habu-Mortuary-temple-reliefs-inscriptions-Thebes-1077BC.htm

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Did Yahweh Have a Consort, Kuntillet Ajrud, Ze'ev Meshel, 1979 ... ... remains and subsequently identified the site as Gypsaria, a site known from Roman sources as a station on the Roman road from Gaza to Eilat. But since Palmer's day archaeologists have learned a great deal about pottery dating. After the 1967 Six-Day War we came to the site and by examining the sherds which lay strewn about we were able to detect Palmer's error easily and to date the site to Iron Age II or the Israelite period. ... There is no doubt that these rooms were used for storing food. Tower-like corner rooms (11 and 12) were found in the western corners of the building. Access to these rooms is from the ... grows abundantly in the Wadi Quraiya—were placed between the stone courses, some lengthwise and others crosswise, forming an intermediate course which acted as a binder for the wall. ... The original location of these inscriptions—on the door jambs—recalls the Biblical verse: "And you shall write them on the doorposts of your home and one your gates" (Deuteronomy 6:9). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-did-yahweh-have-a-consort-kuntillet-ajrud-zeev-meshel-1979ad.htm

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Jesus Master Builder carpenter stonemason creator build temple ... ... As a contractor, Jesus was aware of many stories of others who laid foundations but were unable to complete: "For which one of you, when he wants to build a tower, does not first sit down and ... C. Both stone and wood was used in the construction of ancient buildings: 1. Basic construction of biblical homes and buildings: a. Stones were used for foundations and walls b. Wood was used ... B. Mes. 10:5, I.1.I-N) b. "In addition to its use in the production of cement, lime was used to seal the walls of water cisterns as early as the Iron Age, or perhaps even earlier, in the Middle Bronze Age. Its first systematic use in private ... This high-quality bonding material made possible the construction of stone walls to full height. Its main function was to bond the stones in the wall and create a uniform inner and outer face. Layers of this type of mortar were also placed between the courses and cast into the wall's core." (The Palestinian Dwelling in the Roman to Byzantine Period, Yizhar ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Jesus-master-builder-archi-tekton-stonemason-carpenter-foundations-corner-stones-rock-sand-yokes-plows-creator-temple-synagogues-church.htm

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The Exodus Route: The Archaeology of Mt. Lawz as Mt. Sinai ... Sinai), twenty kilometers to the north of Ajnuna." (The Northern Hegaz, Alois Musil, p 269, 1926 AD) 5. 1928 AD: Mt. Sinai at Petra: The Site of the Biblical Mount Sinai, Ditlef Nielsen, ... An idol of Enki would have been placed upon the raised platform inside the niche at the north end of the temple for worship." (Nimrod and the archaeology of the Tower of Babel, Steven Rudd, p64, ... The size of Rooms 1,2,3 are about 3 x 3 meters and Room 4 is about 3 x 6 meters. The typical bedroom today is about 3 x 3 meters. Iron age four room Israeli houses typically have the same size rooms. ... the early and late Roman periods, through the Byzantine until it was destroyed by the great earthquake of AD 749. Many of the living quarter rooms in the houses in Mampsis are smaller than Rooms 1,2,3 in the Nabatean marble workshop at the foot of Mt. Maqla in Saudi Arabia. Mampsis, like many ancient cities, were built following the surrounding topography. The SE wall of Mampsis features an ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-mt-sinai.htm

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The Wilderness of Zin, C. Leonard Woolley and T. E. Lawrence ... ... So far as the western half of the fort is concerned, a single row of chambers in the wall top, and the tower rooms, seem to have been the only accommodation provided. ... It may of course have been a prehistoric one, and, if so, the place would be distinguished as the only Stone Age site we noted in our part of Sinai: but more probably ... Caleb Hauser, in the P.E.F. Quarterly of April, 1908, does not agree with us here. He identifies this Muweilleh with the biblical Makkelath, and the Latin Mohaila, ... classical remains to make probable a Roman post. As for the Christian remains, Palmer, whom he quotes, in describing them, is carefully exact upon the two insignificant and widely separated holes in the chalk which still exist, each with a little cross in red painted on the wall. (Pere Janssen, in the Revue, Biblique for ... In the former sense it might be used of such hut-settlements as those of Muweilleh and Kossaima; but would most temptingly apply to the fortress of Ain Guderat, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-woolley-lawrence-the-wilderness-of-zin-1914-1915ad.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... The streams of history merge again in the eleventh chapter of Genesis where a second universal apostasy is threatened. This connection concerns the tower and the city ... We do not need a new wall, do not want a new wall, and we are not building a new wall-we propose simply to repair the broken down places in the original wall. ... The ancient period was represented by the Roman Caesars; the medieval and modern by leaders from Charlemagne to Luther and modern reformers. From the easier and simpler New Testament idea, however, these epochs would simply fall into the period of perfection-the apostolic age; the period of apostasy-the post-apostolic age; ... If the subject matter tonight appears to be more historical than biblical, I would remind you that Christianity is historical. The beginning of the church, its ... sway of power by "the rod of iron," and thus coerce into submission and obedience the unwilling subjects of this supposed earthly government of Jesus Christ. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... Leuke Kome (or Leuce Come, Greek for "White Harbor") is located at modern Ain Ounah (Aynuna), which is also Biblical Elim of the Exodus. Ptolemy called Leuke Kome, "Onne" in Ptolemy ... discovered a suitable site for founding a city, he settled in it those of the Greeks who were disabled by age or by wounds, as well as any who had remained behind of their own volition. ... Arabia of the Nabateans included the territories of Ammon and Moab: "Now the third wall was all of it wonderful; yet was the tower Psephinus elevated above its northwest corner, and there Titus pitched his own tent; for being seventy ... eternity his family and friends, so did he not neglect a memorial for himself, but built a fortress upon a mountain towards Arabia, and named it from himself Herodium." (Josephus Wars 1.419) ... M. AD 77 Pliny the Elder describes the Sinai Peninsula as Egypt and Caesarea as 189 miles from Arabia: MASTER SUMMARY: AD 77: Pliny the Elder's real name was Gaius Plinius Secundus, a Roman ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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Elijah and Elisha Chronology timeline 870-810 BC Twin Bulls 840 BC h. Marble Tablets 838 BC i. Alabaster Statue 838 BC 7. Kuntillet Ajrud ostraca "Fortress in the Negev": 839 BC 8. Silver Scroll from Ketef Hinnom: ... Gehazi was a faithless traitor, liar and thief just like Judas. Judas betrayed for silver coins: Mt 26:15-16 28. Defy gravity Iron axe-head float: 2 Kings 6:6 Jesus ... At her death she sat in her customary window in the tower of the city gate of Jezreel and painted her eyes and fixed her hair. (2 Kings 9:30). This picture of her as ... While Jehoram takes over the official state matters and Jehoshaphat in his old age becomes an itinerate evangelist of the Mosaic Law from city to city. (2 Chron ... Most ancient tombs featured many kochim (plural of Kokh, also called loculi). Here is a first century tomb excavated by Associates of Biblical research under the ... "painted eyes looking through the window" (2 Ki 9:30) is a common pagan motif found on Ivory carvings in Samaria and Egyptian stone stele and wall paintings, etc. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/chronology/bible-chronology-timeline-Elijah-Elisha-John-the-Baptist-Jesus-types-antitypes-870-810BC.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Titus Flavius Josephus (Joseph ... ... them. [D] But they read [Scripture] in them, repeat [Mishnah-traditions] in them, and expound [biblical lessons] in them [T. Meg. 2:18A-D]. [III:3 A] R. Joshua b. ... and slew them. (27) Now the very ruins afforded them stones enough; and for iron weapons, the dead men of the enemy's side afforded them what they wanted; for ... away five of its strongest stones, they went away hastily; (65) whereupon the tower fell down on a sudden, with a great noise, and its guard fell headlong with it; ... Joseph, who was slain by a dart, as he was running away over that part of the wall that was broken down: (67) but as those that were in the city were greatly ... running up to the citadel, not knowing what in the world to do, fell among the Roman guards, while the groans of those that were killed were prodigiously great ... Jonathan the high priest [Alexander Jannaeus: 103-76 BC] first of all built a fortress, and called it Masada; after which the building of this place employed the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Joseph-ben-Matthias-Titus-Flavius-Josephus-70ad.htm

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Saul Hunts David. Timeline, maps, chronology, sermons of Judges ... ... In 1003 BC David captures Jerusalem and begins his reign at age 37. l. In 999 BC, Solomon is born. 4. This 4 year period was a time of persecution for David and laid ... 7696: Shaga]who prophesies (Jeremiah), to put him in the stocks and in the iron collar, now then, why have you not rebuked Jeremiah of Anathoth who prophesies to ... This pre-echoes the later event when Absalom avenged Amnon for raping Tamar, at a feast when he was drunk. iii. This pre-echoes Daniel 5, when Belshazzar held a feast and died that very night after the "handwriting was on the wall". David marries Abigail which is his third wife. David's first wife, Michal, had been given ... And he said," (Psalm 18:title) ""I love You, O LORD, my strength." The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer, My God, my rock, in whom I take refuge; My ... From the end of the earth I call to You when my heart is faint; Lead me to the rock that is higher than I. For You have been a refuge for me, A tower of strength ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-1samuel-21-31-saul-david-on-the-run-1012-1004bc.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... ... this is pure speculation. b. we can be sure that at least from the time of the tower of Babel (2275 BC) II. Earliest Hebrew scripts: Signet rings: (and possible ... Judah gave Tamar his signet ring as a pledge he would pay what he owed her. d. "It was told to Tamar, "Behold, your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his ... in Israel. "May he also be to you a restorer of life and a sustainer of your old age; for your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is better to you than seven sons, ... and do not speak with us in Judean in the hearing of the people who are on the wall."" (Isaiah 36:11) e. "Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebnah and Joah, ... Neo-Babylonian and Persian Empires), Middle Aramaic (c. 200 BCE-250 CE, during the Hellenistic and Roman periods), Classical Aramaic (c. 200-1200 CE), Modern Aramaic. ... The biblical account of the siege of Jerusalem in 701 B.C. (Is 36:11) gives further testimony to the widespread use of Aramaic as a diplomatic language. Aramaic ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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Seder Olam Rabbah modern Jewish calendar English pdf free online ... Hebrew manuscripts that survived the Roman devastations,' providing ample opportunity for wholesale chronological changes that would go undetectable in later copies. ... The use of the Greek proschema (ornament), a term applied in classical literature to other impregnable fortress cities, suggests that Antipas fortified the city in ... In sum, Sepphoris is a pivotal city in terms of the history of Judaism." (Sepphoris, the Well Remembered City, S. S. Miller, Biblical Archaeologist: Volume 55, 1992 ... Conclusion: 1. Seder Olam achieved 5 anti-Christian goals for the Jews in 160 AD by reducing the age of the earth: The primary Jewish goal of the new Seder Olam ... At that time, (2Sam. 13:1): "It was after that, Absalom the son of David had a beautiful sister, Tamar by name . ." (v. 23) "It was after two years ...." (v. 39) "But ... Twelve years he was in the land of Israel, repairing the wall and returning every man to his town and his inherited land. And so it says (Neh. 13:6): "When all this ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Seder-Olam-Rabbah-full-text-PDF-Free-Online-Chronology-modern-Jewish-calendar-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Rabbinical-Judaism-160AD.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... neighbors attacking Jerusalem and losing the battle. In this case it is easy to visualize dead bodies lying around outside the city wall and people looking down on the sordid scene. ... of life. Later we will have more to say about Ellen White's quoting of New Age authors, including the concept of Mother Earth, and language that is characteristic of Freemasonry. ... understand that their prophetess suffered from extreme historical ignorance. Since early Christian times many biblical scholars have understood that the little horn of Daniel 7 referred to the Roman Emperor, Nero. Nero persecuted Christians for exactly 1,260 days. ... behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and ... "Then Judas appointed certain men to fight against those that were in the fortress, until he had cleansed the sanctuary. So he chose priests of blameless conversation, such as had ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system Where money was made "Can I justify wicked scales and a bag of deceptive weights?" (Micah 6:11) Introduction Chronology of Biblical coins: In order to understand coins used in Israel, it is helpful to become familiar with the statue vision of ... Instead, a weight standard existed similar to the Gold Standard the world used up to the 20th century. Most weigh stones during the Iron age (1100-587 BC) were smooth polish dome-shaped limestone with flat bottoms. "Until 1998, only 211 of the inscribed ... A set of 5 rare inscribed Hebrew, Judean weigh stones: 8 Shekels (91.2grams) 1 Shekel (11.4 grams) 1 Nezef (9.12 grams) 1 Pym (7.6 grams) 1 Beqa (5.7 grams) Eight Hebrew weight stones from 701 BC excavated in Lachish, stratum II: four stones were 8 ... Thus, Harpocration affirms that there was a king named "Darius" who preceded, at an unspecified distance in time, Darius Hystaspes. This comment is striking because of its source-a secular Greco-Roman researcher who did his research at the greatest ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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Beidha, Jordan: Biblical Kadesh Barnea: mass food production ... Beidha, Jordan (Biblical Kadesh Barnea, Sela, Joktheel, En-mishpat) Location: 30.370780°N 35.447756°E Click to View Click to View Modern replicas of buildings at Beidha Preamble: We know from scripture and ancient literary sources that Kadesh ... PPN sites sites are dated to 6500 BC strictly because of the lack of pottery, yet this is clearly mistaken because PPN is contemporaneous all the way down to the Iron age. There have always been isolated sites that never used pottery and it is a mistake ... It is important to note, that we do not question what Diana Kirbridge and Byrd dug up and found, we question their interpretation of the findings. 6. Byrd describes two features were used in all three occupation levels: The village wall and the ... Natufian occupation: 9000 BC Possible: During the Ubaid 3 expansion in 3000 BC Likely: During the Uruk 3 expansion, immediately after the Tower of Babel in 2850 BC. Neolithic Dates 7000-5000 BC Possible: 3298-1406 BC Likely: Round city: 2400 BC. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-beidha.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea ... Kadesh Barnea (Ain el-Qudeirat) A fortress from the time of the Judaean Kingdom Rudolph Cohen The Israel Museum, Jerusalem 1983 AD The Site Biblical Tradition Kadesh-barnea's importance in the history of the Jewish people derives primarily from its biblical association with Israel's ... Abraham's role in this episode, as well as the description of his dwelling in the Negev "between Kadesh and Shur" (Gen. 20:1) connects Kadesh-barnea with the Patriarchal Age. Most of the references to Kadesh-barnea, however, are connected ... The pioneering explorers of the early 19th century sought Kadesh-barnea in the Aravah. In 1836, for example, von Raumer proposed 'Ain Hosb (Haseva) as a candidate for the site, while Robinson, in 1838, preferred 'Ain el-Webeh (`En Yahav). ... The fortress was entirely surrounded by an earthen glagis that rested against a buttress wall, built to the height of ca. 2.50 m. This buttress wall was completely exposed along the east side of the fortress, as well as to a great extent ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-kadesh-barnea-fortress-judaean-israel-museum-1983ad.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate ... ... The identification of Kadesh-Barnea with Ein el-Qudeirat is generally accepted today. Its strategic location on two important ancient routes, its abundance of water and its correspondence with Biblical geography makes this the most likely candidate; no other site offers a convincing alternative. ... Our archaeological excavations have revealed the ruins of three Iron Age (Israelite) fortresses on the tell, each, except for the first, built over its predecessor. These fortresses date from the tenth to the sixth centuries B.C. and provide important data which help flesh out the tangled history of this period. Youngest of three fortresses: 700 BC (top layer, first excavated) The uppermost, and therefore latest, fortress at Kadesh-Barnea is rectangular, about 200 feet long and 135 feet wide. The walls of this fortress consist of casemates, that is, a double wall with irregularly placed cross-walls which form rooms for storage or living. These rooms are between 15 and 30 feet long. Large ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-did-i-excavate-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-bar-1981ad.htm

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Negev Pottery: "Negev ware" "Negevite ware" Crude, hand made ... ... Haseva is one of Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev in 950 BC. "Diggers retrieved a complete handmade Negbite cooking-pot, made of rather coarse ware and exhibiting very crude manufacturing, from the southeastern room of this fortress. Negbite ware has been found at Tell el-Kheleifeh (Glueck 1939:13f; 1940:17f; Pratico 1985:23f) and in all three fortresses uncovered at Kadesh-Barnea (Cohen 1981;1983a), dating from the tenth to the beginning of the sixth centuries BCE." (The Iron Age Fortresses at En Haseva, Rudolph Cohen, 1995 AD) I. Negev ware found at Timna: Timna was one of two Egyptian ... These settlements and the casemate fortlets attached were generally identified as `Israelite settlements' because Iron Age pottery was found amongst the ruins, including much of the unique primitive, hand-made, Negev-type pottery. Biblical associations rather than stratified archaeological evidence seem to have led to the dating of these settlements to the tenth to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-negev-ware-negevite-ware-hand-made-pottery.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... ... The excavators of Arad found over a hundred Hebrew inscriptions and ostraca, most of them fragmentary, dating from the ninth century to the early sixth century b.c.e." (Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Letters, J. M. Lindenberger, Vol. 14, p114, 2003 AD) FIVE OSTRACA: From a Biblical point of view, the most important of ... In the south, the interior line of the casement wall of Stratum VII became the exterior wall of Stratum VI. The general plan of the fortress was not changed in this stratum except for two things: the sanctuary ceased to exist. most of it being buried under the wall: and the gate was moved to the north side. It would seem that the two changes were connected: with ... Archeological level Interpreted date Total number of ostraca found Stratum I Bedouin caves modern 0 Stratum II 7-9th century AD (Islamic) 5 Stratum III 1-2nd century AD (Roman) 2 Stratum IV 3rd - 1st century BC 0 Stratum V 5th - 4th century BC (Persian) 85 Stratum VI 605 - 595 BC (Jehoiakim, Zedekiah) 22 + 10 Stratum ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Gilgal ... It seems not to have had any permanent living quarters inside. It was not used for keeping sheep nor for other agricultural purposes; the fortification wall is much too monumental for that. Yet the fact that people somehow lived there was clear after we found considerable pottery. The earliest pottery repertoire dated to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C.E., nearly identical to the pottery found at the Mt. Ebal site (stratum 2) we had excavated earlier.6 It seems evident that this oval enclosure was some kind of a camp from the early Iron Age I period, that is, from the period of Israel's earliest history in Canaan. But can we be more specific? It has become fashionable ... Moses is instructing the Israelites as to what they should do when they cross into the Promised Land. They are to pronounce the blessings on Mt. Gerizim and the curses on Mt. Ebal. Then the Biblical text locates these two mountains "over against Gilgal" (Deuteronomy 11:30). This description refers to the west side of ... ... https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-gilgal.htm

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Misidentified: "Belonging to Jotham" and "Belonging to Eliakim ... ... Pioneer archaeologist Nelson Glueck believed it to be the site of the biblical cities Ezion-Geber and, later, Elath. Abbas. the Arab foreman of Glueck, found a seal ring under a mud brick wall. Believing that this beautifully executed seal ring most likely belonged to Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah, Glueck ... Research, Yosef Garfinkel, Biblical Archaeologist, Vol. 53, 1990 AD) III. Huge consequences of misdating and misidentifying the seal: "The 100 year distortion" 1. With the seal misdated to Jehoiachin initially, it seriously warped and skewed the archeological interpretations for all site in Israel. a. ... This 100 year "mis-gap" distorted archeological interpretations for decades. 2. "In 1953, a quarter century after the first Eliakim na˓ar Yokan handle was found, Olga Tufnell published the final excavation report on the Iron Age strata at Lachish. Tufnell concluded that stratum III was destroyed in 701 BCE . and not in 597 BCE as had been previously supposed, and a ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-Belonging-to-Eliakim-servant-of-Jehoiachin-belonging-to-Jotham-misidentified.htm

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Melqart Stele of Ben-Hadad-Ezer II: 845 BC ... As a result, a large number of different readings have been offered for the rest of this line, and thus the identifications made for the king mentioned here have varied considerably." (The Bir-Hadad stele and the biblical kings of Aram, Gotthard G. G. Reinhold, Andrews University Seminary Studies, Vol. 24, No. ... It was found, out of its original context, incorporated into the remains of some Roman Period walls at Bureij. Since there is no evidence of Iron Age occupation around Bureij, the stone was probably brought in from someplace nearby during the Roman period, when the settlement there was built. It is possible that the original location of the stela was Aleppo. Although the ... And on the seventh day the battle was joined, and the sons of Israel killed of the Arameans 100,000 foot soldiers in one day. But the rest fled to Aphek into the city, and the wall fell on 27,000 men who were left. And Ben-hadad fled and came into the city into an inner chamber. His servants said to him, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Ben-Hadad-II-Melqart-Stele-Bir-Ezer-Damascene-king-Aram-1939AD-Breij-Aleppo-1Kings20-2Ki5-845BC.htm

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Judean Governors, Procurtors and Prefects time of Jesus, first ... In 18 BC, Herod transferred the manufacturing of the Tyrian Shekel (official temple tax coin) from Tyre to a new mint in Jerusalem. See outline on the Shekel of Tyre. 7. Jesus would be born in 2-1 BC and Herod would die in 1 BC. 8. The Roman empire would control the Jews up until the first Jewish war ... excavations at Ramat Rachel in 1930 AD uncovered: "Another 130 seal impressions on jar handles found this season bring the total to 400. About 50 belong to the Iron Age and the rest to the Persian period" (Excavations at Ramat Racḥel, Yohanan Aharoni, Biblical Archaeologist, Vol 24, 1961 AD) Ahzai: The fifth governor: 470-460 BC Archeology has found a jar impression with "phwʾ" on it. ... The temple was not located over top of the Dome of the rock but in the hollow of the hill below, where a threshing floor would be located. This is also directly east of the current wailing wall of the Jews. See detailed outline of the Holy of Holies located over the Al Kas fountain where Hadrian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Coins-Judean-Governors-Satraps-Procurators-Prefects-Jesus-Herod-Antipas-Philip-Archelaus-Pilate-Agrippa-Felix-Festus-587BC-66AD.htm

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Midianite Pottery: The designer import of the ancient world. ... Yet, it must be said that a certain degree of reliance is placed on Biblical traditions relating to the Kenites-Midianites as the ancient metalworkers of the southernmost Arabah and in the area of the Red Sea." (Timna, Beno Rothenberg, 1969 AD) ... Statistical comparison shows that these compositions are quite similar." (Edomite, Negev, Midianite Pottery: Neutron Activation Analysis, Gunneweg, 1991 AD) "Early Iron Age I Timna, with its highly centralized metal-mining activities, was certainly ... Perhaps this fact explains the differences between Sites 3o and 34, located opposite the temple in Nahal Nehushtan and defended by a strong wall, and the other sites of Timna which had no defensive wall. Whereas at Site 30 no Midianite ware was ... It is virtually on every Bible map produced for the last 75 years. They have found Midianite pottery at Qudeirat: The upper fortress, as mentioned above, was extremely rich in ceramic remains. ... There were also two characteristically delicate ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-midianite-pottery.htm

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Archeology of the Oppression, Exodus and Conquest of Israel: ... ... Here is a photo by the author when he excavated the Ai of Joshua (Maqatir) in 2012 AD. f. KHIRBET EL-MAQATIR: AI OF JOSHUA (1446 BC): Notice the Late bronze (1406 BC) wall that surrounded the city Joshua conquered, had later Iron I (1200-1000 BC) walls built into it to created houses for ... Other excellent examples can be seen at Capernaum and Chorazin. h. Abraham dies in 1991 BC, when Jacob is 17. 2. Jacob: a. Jacob is born in 2006 BC b. Jacob, age 56, is blessed by Isaac, steals Esau's blessing then flees to Haran in ... Avaris finally fell after the 4th attack. Khamudi, the defeated Hyksos king then fled from Avaris to the biblical city of Sharuhen (Joshua 19:6) in the Simeon Negev where the inscription records a six-year siege until Sharuhen finally ... Furthermore another Semitic expression s-g-r is used for an enclosure or a fortification of a fortress in the same region (papyri Anastasi V.19, 7). Even Tjeku, the name of the region of Wadi Tumilat, is regarded by many as an Egyptian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeological-evidence-of-the-Exodus-Egyptian-Oppression-Hebrew-Conquest-Israel-Sinai-inscriptions-Jacob-in-Egypt-Joseph-Moses-inscription.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Herodium 66 AD Well, in the place that had been a grand banquet hall in the Herodium, they converted it into a synagogue. Here's what they did. They of course, fashioned bench seating along the wall, along the walls in a ... C. Bible and other Literary references: 1. See Josephus Antiquities 14:335-480 and Wars 1:250-357 2. Full Text of Josephus at end of document D. Occupation history: 1. "A palace-fortress built by Herod the Great on the site known in Arabic as Jebel el-Fureidis. It is situated 13 km S of Jerusalem, 6 km SE of Bethlehem (N of the biblical Tekoa), on the edge of ... He also took with him the son of Phasaelus, who was a child of but seven years of age; for this very reason, that he might be an hostage for the repayment of the money. (372) But there came messengers from ... their attempts, for sometimes they were beaten, and ran away. 2. (288) In the meantime Ventidius, the Roman general, was sent out of Syria, to restrain the incursions of the Parthians; and after he had done ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Herodium-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-bema-mikveh-mikvaot-free-standing-columns-open-air-first-jewish-revolt-66ad.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Masada 78 BC ... The ostraca were probably all written on the site: the Latin ones by soldiers of the garrison stationed on the fortress; the Greek ones, like the Aramaic and Hebrew ostraca, by Jews. It is with the papyri and parchment that the situation becomes somewhat more complicated. The biblical scrolls and other Jewish sacred writings on both parchment and papyrus must be treated separately: they could all have been written elsewhere and then brought to Masada. The Latin papyri (including no doubt the undecipherable piece of inscribed leather no. 738) all belong to the Roman ... assistance, but was hindered by a distemper that seized upon him, till Phasaelus by himself had been too hard for Felix, and had shut him up in the tower, and there on certain conditions, dismissed him. ... The earlier building, consisting of a hall and an anteroom on the east (Fig. II-6a), was changed into a building with an entrance on the southeastern wall, comprising an entrance room (10.5 x 3.7 m) and a main ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Masada-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-genizah-Eleazar-ben-yair-manuscripts-papyrus-fragments-Hebrew-masoretic-78bc.htm

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Masoretic Text (MT) born in 160 AD at Zippori ... From the flood to the Tower of Babel to Abraham is only 358 years. In those 358 years you must start with 8 persons, fill the earth to the tower of Babel, then disperse the population again ... Seder Olam Rabbah is the smoking gun that the Jews changed their scripture a. First, using Seder Olam Rabbah, the Jews in 160 AD reduced the age of the earth from 5554 BC to 4174 BC in order to push ... of Daniel 9:24-29 so that it extends between the destruction of the first temple (587 BC) to the Roman destruction in 70 AD. Taken at face value it was almost universally believed in the first century ... This man-made, non-Biblical Jewish eschatological idea is witnessed in the Babylonian Talmud, b. Sanh. 11:1, I.88.A-91.F and is believed by Jews down to the present time. Pushing Jesus Christ outside ... The use of the Greek proschema (ornament), a term applied in classical literature to other impregnable fortress cities, suggests that Antipas fortified the city in the process (Miller 1984:57). Little ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Masoretic-Text-MT-Leningrad-Codex-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Hebrew-Rabbi-Yose-ben-Halafta-Zippori-160AD.htm

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Egyptian Conquest name list Maps: 1450 - 1279 BC. They're Digging ... ... Lists of foreign place-names (so-called topographical lists) have long been recognized as a potential resource for historical, geographical and archaeological purposes in the study of Syria-Palestine in the Late Bronze age, and less usefully (in ... A. Types of Record: Physically Defined. These lists were included in several different types of context. 1. In Triumph-Scenes. From the 1stDynasty to Roman times, the most persistent icon of pharaonic victory was that of the victorious king, ... those of the "Blessing of Ptah" of Ramesses II and III, a full triumph-scene occupies the uppermost part of the stela, along with name-ovals (as described above) behind the deity and at times below the full scene, just as on a temple pylon-tower or wall. ... Of Nos. 1-69, few have been universally identified except No. 2, certainly Pitru (biblical Pethor), at a crossing of the westernmost stretch of the Euphrates. Astour attempted to show that most of these names come from Upper Mesopotamia, from Pitru ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-egyptian-conquest-map-topographical-name-lists-thutmoses-III-temple-amon-karnak-amenophis-III-soleb-ramesses-II-1450-1279bc.htm

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Josiah, King of Judah 640-609 BC seals, bulla. They're Digging ... be shut: "I will go before you and make the rough places smooth; I will shatter the doors of bronze and cut through their iron bars. "I will give you the treasures of darkness And hidden wealth of secret places, So that you may know that it is I, ... AGE 19: Josiah purged the idols at age 19: (2 Chron 34:3) c. AGE 26: Josiah repairs the temple and finds the lost book of the Law at age 26: 2 Ki 23 d. Restorations: remove idols from temple and killed the idolatrous priests. (2 Ki 23:4-20) e. Restored the Passover: 2 Ki 23:21-23 f. Removes mediums and spiritists: 2 Ki 23:24 g. LEFT BEHIND (the Biblical version of that bad movie): Josiah would be taken and then tribulation upon Judah will begin. "Therefore, behold, I will gather you to your ... It is part of a hoard of 51 bullae, the only collection of bullae ever found in a stratified context in Israel. The bullae were uncovered in stratum 10, the level sealed by the Babylonian conquest, so they can be securely dated to the period just ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-josiah-king-of-judah-hilkiah-high-priest-find-lost-book-law-of-moses-seal-bulla-640-609bc.htm

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The transition from Temple to Synagogue to church: God's eternal ... ... to you, the kingdom of God will be taken away from you and given to a people, producing the fruit of it. "And he who falls on this stone [Lithos: wall stone] will be broken to pieces; but on whomever it falls, it will scatter him like dust." ... B. 605-333 BC: The Babylonian captivity was the great diaspora that scattered Jews around the world outside Judea and large populations of Jews never returned. bible-archeology-Nebuchadnezzar-Destruction-of-Jerusalem-Siege-Israelite-Tower-5-arrowheads-4-Israeli-iron-1-Sc... Here is a real widow's mite (Prutah of Alexander Jannaeus) excavated by the author at Kh. Maqatir in 2013 AD and a drawing of same coin to right. E. 31 BC: The Roman Empire: "The time is fulfilled, the kingdom of God (church) is at hand: Mk ... Jews in Judea spoke both Aramaic and Greek but outside Israel all Jews spoke Greek. e. Jesus was trilingual and his fluency of Temple Hebrew at the age 12 was one of the things that caused them to say, "all who heard Him were amazed at His ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gods-eternal-plan-purpose-providential-transition-from-Temple-to-Synagogue-to-Church-prophecy-fulfilled.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history ... ... that Rowlands has prepared the way for a more thorough investigation of this land, which is so important for biblical geography.—The Azâzimat forms a square, or, to speak more exactly, a rhomboid mountain fastness, which rises ... The eastern wall rises with equal abruptness from the Arabah, but is intersected by several defiles, which furnish approaches of more or less difficulty into our mountain fortress. The northern boundary wall, Jebel Halal, which had remained altogether unknown until very ... Kadesh, instead of being in the middle of the line, is to be looked for at Ain el-Hasb or Ein El-Weibeh, in the immediate neighbourhood of Tamar, the most easterly point of the three. And in the other passages also, the disproportion would be ... be a marked and distinguished point in the boundary of the country, forming as it were a strong rocky watch- tower, which, commanded these two boundary lines,—(7.) If the mountainous district of the Azazimeh belonged to the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-johann-heinrich-kurtz-history-of-the-old-covenant-1872ad.htm

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Kadesh Barnea is located at Petra, Beidha and Basta Then they turned back and came to En-mishpat (that is, Kadesh), and conquered all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, who lived in Hazazon-tamar." Genesis 14:6-7. During the time of Abraham, Kadesh had an active spring and ... It is said he was also king of Madiam." Footnote #: 773. Rekem. Numbers 31:8; K. 144:7; L. 280:94. Identity and summary of biblical information (Joshua 13:21; Numbers 31:8; cf. K. 142:7 and K.36:13, for Petra, named Rekim by Josephus). In ... Aharoni more recently (TEJ, 1963, p.30ff) suggests 'Ain Husb which is about a day's walk (32 km) from Kurnub which is generally identified with Mapsis (cf. also Avi-Yonah) and has a large Roman fort as well as Nabatean and Iron II sherds. The Madaba Map using Jerome's ... Deuteronomy 2:14. "So Israel remained at Kadesh." Judges 11:17 Kadesh was one huge grave yard: 1.5 million Hebrews died at Kadesh, everyone over the age of 20: Numbers 14:29-35 (see also: Num 26:64-65; Deut 1:34-35; Psalm 106:26; 1 Cor 10:5) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ ... Some of these officials are named specifically on weights from the Hellenistic to the Roman periods. (Guide to Biblical Coins, David Hendin, 5th edition, p73, 2010 AD) Add to this the fact that even the Jewish limestone weight stones from Late Hellenistic/Early Roman period (100 BC - 50 AD) were mostly in Greek and occasionally in Aramaic, as witnessed in the ... Herod the Great reigned from 39-1BC and he killed all the children of Bethlehem under age 2 years old. Inscriptions on Herod the Great's weigh stones are exclusively in Greek: "Herod was the first Jewish ruler to ... This was the first Temple of YHWH outside Judea: Elephantine in 530 BC See Full outline on YHWH temple at Elephantine History of the Elephantine Temple: The Jewish fortress of Elephantine likely dates back to ... The Jewish Elephantine temple was a simple "tabernacle of Moses" architectural design that would require a perimeter wall and a few interior walls. Such a simple structure could be built quickly. The Jewish ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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Absalom's insurrection, Rape of Tamar, Satan child: 990-979 BC ... ... Absalom in fact went on to have 4 children: "To Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter whose name was Tamar; she was a woman of beautiful appearance." (2 Samuel 14:27) This means that Absalom built his Pillar or Monument of himself very early in life before he was married at age 18-22. This indicates he was obsessed early in life about himself and his aspirations to be king some day. Absalom's desire to make a name for himself echoes the tower of Babel and Saul's self-praise monument at Carmel. b. In the Kidron Valley in full view of the ... Sheba travels north, passing through many cities until he arrives at Abel Beth-maacah, located just west of Dan about 8 km. d. Joab begins building a Masada-like ramp over the wall to destroy the city who is harbouring ... you, and you and your nobles, your wives and your concubines have been drinking wine from them; and you have praised the gods of silver and gold, of bronze, iron, wood and stone, which do not see, hear or understand. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-maps-timeline-chronology-2samuel13-22-tamars-rape-absaloms-mutiny-984-973bc.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Gamla 76 BC ... and Josephus's own patience under his afflictions, made him pity him, as did also the commiseration of his age, when he recalled to mind that but a little while ago he was fighting, but lay now in the hands of his ... In a speech to his men, the Roman commander Vespasian reassured them that their defeat was "attributable neither to any weakness on our part nor to the valor of the Jews, but to the difficulty of the ground." The Romans mounted a second siege. The provisions in the city were short. Patiently, the Romans waited; soon, the people of Gamla were dying of hunger. The Romans dug under a large tower which eventually collapsed, leaving a gap in the city wall. But, Josephus notes, "the Romans with the memory of their former disaster deferred their entry" into the ... Gamla is a magnificent site-as dramatic, in its own way, as the wilderness-fortress of Masada with which it is so often compared. Seeing Gamla's stark pointed peak surrounded by deep ravines and still higher green ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gamla-bible-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-ark-scrolls-niche-mikveh-heart-columns-bema-Judas-jewish-war-ballista-coin-76bc.htm

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The Number of the Exodus Jews. The population of the Exodus Hebrews ... Here we have "heads of clans" actually being referenced but the only way the use of the word "eleph" makes any sense is if we take it to mean 1000 not units. 3. Professional Biblical archeologists look at the small sizes of ancient walled cities like Jericho, Shiloh, Beersheba, Megiddo and Hazor etc. and wrongly conclude an exodus population of 3 million doesn't match the archeology. a. For example, the estimated population of Late Bronze age Jericho is estimated to several thousand, "Within the upper wall was an area of ... Alexandria: a. "Nor do they, like you, esteem such injunctions a disgrace to them, although they have but one Roman legion that abides among them; (384) and indeed what occasion is there for showing you the power of the Romans ... Each commanding chariot was over many soldiers. 3. Bible examples of large armies with small chariot numbers: a. "Sisera called together all his chariots, nine hundred iron chariots, and all the people who were with him, from ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-population-of-jews-hebrews.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... Arad Ostracon #24 Letter from Zedekiah: "Send troops or be executed" The story told by Ostraca #40 and 24: 1. Edomite history: At age 30, Esau moves from Judah to Seir, conquers the Horites in 1926 BC and begins to ... Lemaire identified Qinah at Horvat Uza (Khirbet Ghazza) and Ramah-Negeb at Tel Ira, and his suggested identifications were accepted by other scholars. Tel Malhata is identified with Malatha, an Idumean fortress in ... etc;) down to their nesting area in a locus that dates to Late Bronze (1450 BC) or First century (Early Roman). IV. Reassigning the date of Arad ostracon #40 to 597 BC: Arad #40 "Letter to Zedekiah" is "intrusive", since it dates to 597 BC (stratum VI) but was found inside stratum VIII which dates to 701 BC. Arad ostracon 40 should be dated to 597 BC. ... The reading doesn't seem possible; we would expect either miry "you knew" or "my lord knew". Line 14. We cannot send the ... - The reading of this line is certain.12 In biblical language, we would have expected to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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Tomb of Jesus with Rolling stone However, Jesus "didn't undergo decay" as the prophecy said, because he rose from the dead on the third day! 2. The Famous Garden Tomb is not the tomb of Jesus: a. It is an Iron Age tomb, dating from ... The mostly broken bones of an infant around the age of birth were found scattered around the outside of the jar. The remains had been removed from the jar in antiquity, undoubtedly by a rodent." (ABR ... I. Burial Practices in ancient Egypt: 1500 BC 1. The Great Pyramids of Giza were burial tombs of Pharaohs. 2. The tower of Babel dates to about 1900 BC and was a pyramid shaped structure known as a ... the city of David until he had finished building his own house and the house of the LORD and the wall around Jerusalem." (1 Kings 3:1) b. "Then Solomon brought Pharaoh's daughter up from the city of ... Here is a first century tomb excavated by Associates of Biblical research under the direction of Dr. Bryant Wood in the AD 2000 excavation season that featured 7 loclui: 3. Here is the tomb complex at ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tombs-burials-Jewish-rolling-stone-Jesus-Christ-resurrection-3-days-Koch-Loculi-ossuary.htm

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The theme of the rejected blessing of the firstborn given to ... ... However the Septuagint translators in 282 BC did not have access to Acts 7:4. g. "Furthermore, there are some warnings in the biblical text that if we add up these numbers, there will be distortions ... "Now Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and her name was Tamar. But Er, Judah's firstborn, was evil in the sight of the Lord, so the Lord took his life." (Genesis 38:6-7) "It came about at the ... David was not firstborn and was not the first king: David was the youngest of his brothers and was anointed at age 15 to be king in the first year of Saul at age 30. David but was chosen by God to be ... the end, to him I will give authority over the nations; and he shall rule them with a rod of iron, as the vessels of the potter are broken to pieces, as I also have received authority from My ... Non-Christians are cast out and get NOTHING. Christ redeemed Israel from Roman occupation: Emmaus: ""But we were hoping that it was He who was going to redeem Israel. Indeed, besides all this, it is ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/d-Bible-Stolen-blessing-Jacob-Esau-Pattern-theme-firstborn-rejected-blessings-given-to-secondborn-Christ-Christians.htm

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Christmas: Separating Bible truth from Myth Separating the Bible truth from the Myth Quick links in this document: I. List of Christmas myths: II. Strictly Biblical chronology of the birth of Christ. III. The date of the birth of Christ is 2 BC ... MYTH #2: December 25 is the birthday of Jesus. TRUTH: December 25 was the birthday of Mithra, the pagan God of light. In 325 AD, Roman emperor Constantine re-assigned the meaning to the birthday of ... TRUTH: The shepherds came to the manger (Luke 2:8-10), but not the wise men came to Joseph's house. In fact, Herod orders the slaughter of the babies two years of age and younger. This means that the ... The manger could be free-standing in the stall or attached to the wall (it could also be on the floor of the living area adjacent to the stall area, but this would not fit with the exclusion of the ... That the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem, was a settled conviction. Equally so was the belief, that He was to be revealed from Migdal Eder, 'the tower of the flock.' This Migdal Eder was not the ... ... https://www.bible.ca/D-Xmas-story.htm

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Memories Dreams Reflections, Carl Gastav Jung, 1961 AD ... had grown up in a mean environment. Her sister was a prostitute, her father a drunkard. At the age of thirty-nine she succumbed to a paranoid form of dementia praecox, with characteristic megalomania. ... My patient made up her mind to do something for the moon people, and planned to destroy the vampire. After long preparations, she waited for the vampire on the platform of a tower which had been ... Suddenly the wings opened and a man of unearthly beauty stood before her. He enclosed her in his winged arms with an iron grip, so that she could no longer wield the knife. In any case she was so ... I knew all at once: now I am myself! It was as if a wall of mist were at my back, and behind that wall there was not yet an "I." But at this moment I came upon myself. Previously I had existed, too, ... At bottom we discover nothing new and unknown in the mentally ill; rather, we encounter the sub-stratum of our own natures. It was always astounding to me that psychiatry should have taken so long to ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/psychiatry/carl-gastav-jung-memories-dreams-reflections-1961ad.htm

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Coins of the Seleucid Empire: 321-64 BC In 334 BC Alexander the Great defeats Darius III in the Battle of Granicus In 333 BC Alexander the Great defeats Darius III in Battle of Issus In 323 BC Alexander the Great dies at age 32 on June 10: The Great broken horn of ... The city of Alexandria was founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. Ptolemy I builds the famous Library of Alexandria in Egypt that housed the most important Biblical manuscripts in the world. Antiochus II commissions the ... On these conditions the Jews evacuated the stronghold. But when the king entered Mount Zion and saw what a strong fortress the place was, he broke the oath he had sworn and gave orders to tear down the wall all around. Then he set off in haste and returned to Antioch. He found Philip in control of the city, but ... Seleucus VI Epiphanes Nicator Antiochus X Eusebes Antiochus XI Antiochus XI, Demetrius III Eucerus Philip Tigranes of Armenia Conquers Syria 83-69 BC Roman general Pompey the Great Annexes Syria extincting the Seleucid empire in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Seleucid-empire-321-64BC.htm

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History of Temple Mount, Tabernacles of Moses, David and the ... ... tabernacle of David and they are fulfilled in the church. a. "In that day I will raise up the fallen booth of David, And wall up its breaches; I will also raise up its ruins And rebuild it as in the days of old; That they may possess the remnant ... the gold for the things of gold, and the silver for the things of silver, and the bronze for the things of bronze, the iron for the things of iron, and wood for the things of wood, onyx stones and inlaid stones, stones of antimony and stones of ... Maccabees overthrow the Roman Akva Fortress liberating the control of the temple into the hands of the Hasmoneans 164 BC Temple worship restored under Mattathias (1 Maccabees) 63 BC Roman ruler Pompey enters temple but does not find the Ark of the Covenant. ... Jesus presented at the temple and dedicated to God by his parents, doves offered in sacrifice. (Luke 2:21-24) c. 3768/ c. 8 CE Jesus Mary Joseph John the Baptist Jesus at age 12 talks to priests and teachers in the Second Temple while his parents ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-history.htm

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