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Coins of Hezekiah Persian Governor of Judea: 350-333BC Sheshbazzar: The first governor: 533-520 BC (Ezra 1:7-8; 5:14) Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah." Zerubbabel: The second governor: 520-510 BC ... We know about Hezekiah, Governor of Judea from coins and Josephus: 350-333BC II. Two Persian coins of Judean governor Hezekiah 1. HEZEKIAH'S EARLY PERSIAN COIN: a. 350 - 333 BC is the time when this coin was minted under Persian authority. b. This coin simply features the word "Hezekiah" in a Hebrew script. c. There are numerous well-known seal impressions on handles of jars from the Persian period, ... LATE GREEK COIN: a. 333 - 302 BC is the time when this coin was minted under Greek (Macedonian) authority of Alexander the Great. b. ... "The dating of the Yehizkiyah coin types to the late Persian period may be corroborated by the metrological study of these issues.35 Coin types TJC 26, 24, 25 seem to have been issued under the Persic standard and correspond to a half gerah, namely an issue of c. 0.24 g. These types are definitely heavier than ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-Yehezqiyah-Hezekiah-governor-judea-350-333BC.htm

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Hebrew, Jewish, Yehuda, Bible coins of the Persian Empire Nehemiah) appointed by the Persian king is in the Bible. "pehah"= (Governor) is the standard Hebrew title of a governor that dates back to Solomon. However, during the minting of coins during Persian ... Papyus with "Bagohi the satrap of Judah" and "Sanballat satrap of Samaria" in the text of the same "Temple Papyri" letter. This is the only reference to Bagohi we have and we would not know about him if we did not have the 28 Elephantine Papyrus discovered in 1904 BC More on the Elephantine Papyrus. "Hezekiah": Governor of Judea: 350-302 BC Hezekiah was the last governor of the Persian Empire and governed after Alexander the Great started the Greek empire in 333BC. Hezekiah, therefore, is unique in that he governed Judea through the transitional period between the Persian and Greek ... 22-23); Others, like this one, "YHZQYH" (Yehezqiyah) (Meshorer: Coins 24-26) only mention Hezekiah without the PHH (Hebrew: Peheh) See the page on Yehezqiyah "Hezekiah" for more details on his coin! ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Persian-Empire-539-333BC.htm

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Bible Only Revelation Commentary by Steven Rudd ... While the Assyrian, Median and Persian Empires dominated the East, the Jews were slaves regarded as the lowest of the low. In the Hellenistic ... An attempt by Cestius Gallus, governor of Syria, to repress the movement led to indecisive battles and more often to defeats. When Gallus died ... Then all the remnant of Judah who have gone to the land of Egypt to reside there will know whose word will stand, Mine or theirs. 'This will ... Daniel 9:24-27 was the most important messianic time prophecy in the Tanakh and prophecies the period from when the City of Jerusalem would be ... Coins, he identified the common widow's mite as a "Messianic Star" coin echoing the prophecy of Balaam in Num 24:17. 2. What is amazing is ... The Greek speaking Jews in Asia used the Greek Septuagint as their standard "synagogue pulpit Bible" and would be unable to easily decode the ... some inkling of what the author wrote." (Introductory Note to Irenæus Against Heresies, Alexander Roberts, H. Rambaut, p311, 1880 AD) e. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/revelation/

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REFUTED: Full-Preterist, "Realized Eschatology", "AD 70 doctrine ... ... prophecy because the Prutah of Alexander Jannaeus (Widow's Mite) featured the messianic star. This was the most common coin in wide circulation at the time of Jesus and was universally understood to be based upon Balaam's prophecy. ... wrote, "as the prophets prophesied" in Mt 2:23, he was following a standard and accepted Midrashic method and style of connecting many different ... earth in his lifetime! i. 16th January 519 BC: "Speak to Zerubbabel governor of Judah, saying, 'I am going to shake the heavens and the earth. 'I will ... writers of ripping the Haggai prophecy out of its already fully fulfilled context in 515 BC and misapplying it to the future Messianic period. d. ... Rezin king of Aram and Pekah king of Israel) b. Isaiah 38-39: Events during 701 BC (Hezekiah and the Siege of Jerusalem by Sennacherib) c. Isaiah ... In AD 614 up to 90,000 Christians were captured by the invading Persian and sold to the Jews who then executed them. f. The AD 1916 Armenian genocide ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Refuted-Full-Preterism-Realized-eschatology-debunked-exposed-second-coming-Parousia-rapture-destruction-Jerusalem-70AD-Doctrine-Revelation-Commentary.htm

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Sabbatatrians Refuted and Sabbath keepers Exposed: 2011 AD ... We will explain momentarily that the Hebrews simply discarded these days and either rested or worked on them. Their absolute standard was the ... Assyrian documents reveal a thirty-day month from new moon to new moon. Anciently, the Persian year also had 360 days of twelve months ... Yet, for the purpose of computation, as well as respect for the earlier length, the 360-day year was maintained for some period of time ... The Talmud relates how King Hezekiah made a calendar change. He is said to have intercalated the calendar in order to delay the Passover. ... that the Kingdom of Judah began its new year with the month of September-October, whereas Israel's new year began with the month of April. ... Under Rader's lobbying, the California State Legislature passed legislation known as the Petris Bill, signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown, ... He had based The Two Babylons largely on the work of a much earlier religious writer, Alexander Hislop (1807-1862). Woodrow began to examine ... ... https://www.bible.ca/7-lying-for-god-Kerry-Wynne.htm

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Kadesh-Barnea by Henry Clay Trumbull, 1884 AD ... Its peculiarity is, that at nearly all points it is conformed to a common standard. In my citations I have adopted the spelling of the writer ... ; on the west by Assyria and Babylonia; and on the south by the Persian Gulf." ( Hamburger s Beal-Encyc., s.v. "Elam.") * Neh. 1:1; Esther ... Hist, of East, pp. 84-89 ; and Iloughton s Natural Hist, of Ancients, pp. 84-89.) Ebers even notes the Thir teenth Dynasty as the period of ... of Amalekites as KEDOR-LA OMERS ROUTE. 41 mountains of Judah; l and the Araorites of En-gedi 2 were between that and the Dead Sea plains. ... Bib. Die., and Alexander s Kitto s. v. "Amalekites; " Sayce, in The Queen s Printers Aids to Student of Bible, p. 62 ; and others. Arabic ... But this elaim has been shown to be entirely untenable. See Schaff-Lanyc Coin., in loco. 4 See page G5, supra. 5 For the discussion of various ... Nakhl, and in my dealings with the shabby old Egyptian governor 1 there, and the cunning Shaykh Musleh. I mention all this as so far ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-henry-clay-trumbull-1884ad.htm

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Bulwarks of the Faith Foy E Wallace JR. Refuting Dogmas Catholicism ... ... Jehoiakim, eight years old, was set on the throne. He reigned three months and ten days. The princes of Judah under him sought an alliance ... Media and Persia united into the Medo-Persian Empire, under Darius and Cyrus. When Cyrus came to the throne he looked upon the weeping, ... Then he took up the Bible, held it before them, and said, "Will you all accept this book as the right standard of authority?" You know what ... A few generations later it fell to such intellects as Barton W. Stone, Thomas and Alexander Campbell, the Scotts and the Creaths, and a legion ... Reference was made in another address to "the church lost and found." There are five periods of church history. First, the period of ... His inter-position was invoked in trials and to swear by his head was the most solemn oath. His effigy was sacred, even on a coin. This ... This same Catholic council decreed: (a) that the pope has all jurisdiction over the universal church, "the father and governor of all the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/catholic/Catholic-church-doctrine-Bulwarks-of-the-Faith-Foy-E-Wallace-JR-Refuting-Dogmas-Catholicism-Protestant-Denominationalism-1951AD.htm

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Judean Governors, Procurtors and Prefects time of Jesus, first ... The Judean Kings, Governors, Satraps, Procurators, Prefects: 587 BC - 66 AD Babylonian appointed governors of Judea: Gedaliah (and more) Persian ... Alexander the Great lived only ten years and ruled the world as a sole monarch from 333-323 BC b. The early Greek/Macedonian period is 333 - 302 BC as far as classifying coins is concerned. 3. After Alexander the Great died, his kingdom was split into four Kingdoms: ... BC) Seleucid Empire (321-64 BC) Cassander (319-168 BC) We do not discuss this kingdom at all because it is far removed from land of Judah. ... In 18 BC, Herod transferred the manufacturing of the Tyrian Shekel (official temple tax coin) from Tyre to a new mint in Jerusalem. See outline ... First Judean Governor appointed by Nebuchadnezzar: Gedaliah Gedaliah was the first post 597 BC Governor in a long line of governors of Judah that ... "Hezekiah": Governor of Judea: 350-302 BC Hezekiah was the last governor of the Persian Empire and governed after Alexander the Great started the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Coins-Judean-Governors-Satraps-Procurators-Prefects-Jesus-Herod-Antipas-Philip-Archelaus-Pilate-Agrippa-Felix-Festus-587BC-66AD.htm

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Four Hebrew Scripts: Mosaic, Hieroglyphic, Paleo, Aramaic, square ... ... declares the Lord, "when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah, not like the covenant which I made with their fathers in the day I took them by the hand to bring them ... He "trash talks" in Hebrew, directly to the Hebrew residents of Jerusalem in an effort to have them desert Hezekiah. d. "Then Eliakim and Shebna and Joah said to Rabshakeh, "Speak now to your servants in Aramaic, ... The bulk is from Egypt where the dry climate was especially conducive to the preservation of documents on papyrus and leather. Two collections are especially important, that of the Persian satrap (governor) of ... This illustrates the Jews learned and used cuneiform Akkadian since it was still an official language of Babylon adopted from the Assyrians. 7. The Persian period 536-333 BC is where Aramaic became a dominant standard language throughout the world and Judea. Then with the arrival of Alexander the Great, Greek replaced Aramaic 8. In Judea, where ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Hebrew-ancient-earliest-writing-Bible-scripts-alphabets-origin-Mosaic-heiroglyphic-Paleo-Aramaic-Masoretic-Jewish-Greek.htm

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Mt. Sinai located in Arabia: Galatian 4:25 ... Nabateans were Ishmaelites, not Edomites. The Ishmaelite ancient territory was Transjordan from the Persian Gulf in Iran to the Arabian Gulf (Red Sea) and the ... "You [Cyrus] also vowed to rebuild the temple which the Edomites set on fire when Judah was devastated by the Chaldeans." (1 Esdras 4:45) "Now on the tenth ... and Lihyanite.] for a fine of a thousand Haretite selaʿs [The Nabataean selaʿ is the normal unit of silver coin (here specified as according to the standard established by the king Ḥaretat). ... The settlement continued in use during the early Roman period, after the annexation of the Nabataean kingdom to the Roman Empire in 106." (Eerdmans ... Paul knew Aretas was the king of Arabia at Petra who was over the vassal governor of Damascus. In both Paul's and Josephus' mind Arabia was Transjordan. Petra ... Some ancient geographers described "Arabia" as between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers at the time of Alexander the Great. These were Arab controlled areas ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Mount-Sinai-in-Arabia-exodus-route-Nabatean-kingdom-territory-AretasIV-Arabia-Petrea-New-Testamt-Mt-Sinai-Lawz-Ishmael-Apostle-Paul-36AD-Galatians-4-25.htm

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The Edomites: From Esau to Edom to Idumea to Extinction 2006BC ... ... a possession in the presence of the sons of Heth." (Genesis 23:17), This reflects the standard Hittite real estate procedure of counting the trees involved in any purchase or sale of land. ... Hezekiah himself, whom the terror-inspiring splendor of my lordship had overwhelmed and whose irregular and elite troops which he had brought into Jerusalem, his royal residence, in order ... Evidently the Edomites were still in control of their native land until after 550 B.C. However, by the fifth century Arab names had appeared at Ezion-geber. In the Persian period the land of Edom ... further issued letters of immunity for all the Jews who were going up from his kingdom to Judah to the effect that no official, governor, subordinate district magistrate, or steward should force his way into their doors; 50 ... period of Jewish independence from 110-63 BC, the Jews controlled the Idumea: 1. "But Alexander [Alexander Janneus, 103-76 BC] marched again to the city Dios, and took it, and then made ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-edomite-territory-mt-seir.htm

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Christmas: Separating Bible truth from Myth ... The star led the "wise men from the east", who traveled at least 700 km from the Persian or Babylonian area, to the house of Joseph and Mary. ... Unfortunately, this Greek edition was destined to become the universally accepted standard by the highest echelons of the scholastic world ... commonly antedated their reigns even back to the biblical period. Numismatic evidence supports Bickerman's antedating thesis. a. Case 1: Antipas, a successor of Herod the Great, lost his throne in A.D. 39. There is a coin of Antipas marked with the regnal year 45, extending his era ... Coregency was very common among the kings of Judah and Israel in the Bible. "Throughout all of history, if ever there were a monarchy in a ... But when Herod, being suspicious of Mariamne's loyalty, ordered her execution in 29 B.C., tensions arose between him and her sons, Alexander ... This was the first census taken while Quirinius was governor of Syria. And everyone was on his way to register for the census, each to his own ... ... https://www.bible.ca/D-Xmas-story.htm

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Zedekiah, Matteniah King of Judah 597-587 BC The Chronological ... ... Hezekiah: "Then it happened that night that the angel of the LORD went out and struck 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians; and when men rose ... II (between 800 and 600 B.C.), although it continued to exist in Persian-Hellenistic times, finally coming to an end in the Byzantine period. ... At these two sites we have another example of an Iron Age/Persian city shifting locations during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. During the ... 10 587 BC (before 10 Av): Jeremiah 39:19-40:16 Gedaliah appointed Governor 11 Monday 28th August 587 BC (10th Av) Jeremiah 52:12-13; 1 Esdras ... fighting against Jerusalem and against all the remaining cities of Judah, that is, Lachish and Azekah, for they alone remained as fortified ... Nebuchadnezzar and Alexander the Great were two of those great waves. 4. 586 BC: two prideful nations that thought they were invincible were ... Proclaim it and lift up a standard. Do not conceal it but say, 'Babylon has been captured, Bel has been put to shame, Marduk has been ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Zedekiah-Matteniah-last-king-of-judah-seal-bulla-cave-597-587bc

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Nimrod and the Archaeology of the Tower of Babel by Steven Rudd ... ... It also defines new standard archaeological ages in keeping with young earth creation. Although it is written for the average Christian, it is ... the city to the Ubaid 3 (late Neolithic and early Hassuna culture period). 6. Eridu temples VI to II 7. Nimrod invents the bevel-rim bowl ... Edomites enter Judean Negev: 605 Fall of Jerusalem in 587 Persian: 539 BC 539-333 Persian Darius & Cyrus capture Babylon in 539 Decree of Cyrus ending 70 year captivity in 536 Greek: 333 BC 333-167 Greek (EH) Ascent of Alexander the Great in 333 167-63 Late Hellenistic (LH) ... age & dawn of the Iron age was triggered by the global invasion of the Philistines that came to Judah in 1177 BC. 6. Rise of the Hyksos a. ... Comment: Hezekiah died in 686 BC and the Babylonian captivity began in 605 BC therefore it is VERY POSSIBLE that this was literally fulfilled. ... This palace, with a sizeable area of 5,743 square metres, more probably housed the provincial administration and local governor, and may also ... ... https://www.bible.ca/nimrod/welcome.htm

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Coins of the Maccabean Hasmonean Era 166-37 BC. Messianic Star ... Maccabean, Hasmonean Coins: 166-37 BC GREEK EMPIRE COIN PAGES (333-31 BC) Macedonian Coins 333-302 BC Ptolemaic Coins 323-31 BC Seleucid Coins 321-64 BC Maccabean Coins 166-37 BC ... Four "horns" empires after Alexander the Great: Ptolemy Empire (323-31 BC) Area of modern Egypt Ptolemy Empire Ends when Rome conquers Egypt in 31 BC Antony/Cleopatra commit suicide 30 ... 609 BC, ultimately the destruction of the temple of Solomon in 587 BC. The total Hasmonean period was a short 129 year struggle for Judah independence: 166 - 37 BC The Hasmonean, Maccabean period of Bible history is a short window ... Here are the variations of the spellings on the coins: (this is not a complete list) Meshorer TJC K1. K-LM - H - N-T-N-WH-Y Meshorer TJC K2. K-L-M - H N-T-N-WH-Y Meshorer TJC K3. K-LM - H - ... Thus the king honored him and enrolled him among his chief Friends, and made him general and governor of the province. And Jonathan returned to Jerusalem in peace and gladness. In the one ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Maccabean-Hasmonean-166-37BC.htm

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Coins of Greek Empire, Alexander the Great: Macedonian Era: 333 ... ... Weight in shape of duck; inscription relates setting of this weight as 5 minas by of Ur (2094-48 B.C.) for the god Nanna of Ur 2070 BC A mina weighed about 0.6 kilograms, or 18 ounces, so this Duck Weight standard weighed 3 KG or about 6.5 lbs In the ... Babylonian, and Egyptian scale weights." (Hendin, p120) This Hebrew "Duck weight coin" minted during the early Greek Era: 333-302 BC is a half-ma, `ah-obol. The inscription is "YHWDH" for the province of Judah (YHD) Notice the duck has its head tucked behind its back just like ducks sleep and EXACTLY like the ancient Sumerian duck weight stones! IV. Judean coins "YHD" coins in the early Ptolemaic empire (Egypt): 333 -302 BC The transition between the Persian Period and the Greek Period can be seen in Judean coins. The Macedonian Period is the earliest era of the Greek Kingdom that began with conquest of Alexander the Great down to the establishment of the four succeeding kingdoms by 302 BC Coins during these years can be identified ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Greek-empire-Alexander-the-great-Cassander-Lysimachus-Ptolemy-Seleucus333-31BC.htm

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495-399 BC: The Judean Elephantine Egyptian Papyrus letters to ... ... The papyri-Aramaic archival documents, including copies of correspondence, memoranda, contracts and other legal materials-first came to light at the end of the 19th century and were published by numerous scholars over a 60-year period ... Exactly when the Temple was built is unknown, but it was sometime prior to the Persian conquest of Egypt in 525 B.C.E. Jedaniah, the Jewish communal leader at Elephantine, wrote to Bagohi, the Persian governor of Judah, requesting assistance in rebuilding the ... The subject-object-verb word order (lines 1, 8), a pattern typical of Akkadian, was standard in the official petitions (see 3.51:6-7, 15; 3.53:12) and in the Arsames correspondence." (COS, Bezalel Porten, Petition for Reconstruction of Temple, ... Obscure is the manner in which the first night and day of the Festival of Passover was to be observed. A home sacrifice? A temple sacrifice? As a festal letter, this missive is reminiscent of the letters of King Hezekiah about Passover, of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-manuscripts-archeology-Elephantine-papyrus-Egypt-Aswan-Syene-Darius-persian-Jewish-colony-temple-burned-Bagohi-Sanballat-passover-wine-fortress-Ezek29-10-495-399BC.htm

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Assassination of Gedaliah July-Sept 587 BC: Bulla ... in 587 BC: After the period of the kings came to an end, Israel was under foreign control right down to 70 AD with the exception of the brief Hasmonean/Maccabean rule (166-37 AD). Gedaliah was the first post 597 BC Governor in a long line of governors of Judah that date down to 70 AD. Gedaliah is the only governor of Judea we know about until the Persian age that began in 333 BC. During the Persian era we know the names of 8 governors of Judah including their several ... Persian governor: 470-460 BC Nehemiah: The Seventh Persian governor: First term: 445-433 BC Bagohi: The eighth Persian governor: 406 BC Yehezqiyah "Hezekiah": Last Persian Governor of Judea: 350-333 BC Some of the Governors during the Roman era include: (King Herod's ... Made king in 37-41 AD, then both king and governor for 2 years after Marullus: 41-43 AD when Herod Agrippa I was eaten by worms in Acts 12. Cuspius Fadus (44-46 AD) Tiberius Alexander (46-48 AD) Cumanus (48-52 AD) Antonius Felix (52-57 AD) ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/bulla/bible-archeology-jeremiah-clay-bullae-seal-inscription-property-of-belonging-to-Gedaliah-who-is-over-the-house-Lachish-2-Kings-25-22-587bc.htm

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The transition from Temple to Synagogue to church: God's eternal ... ... empire. bible-archeology-greek-kingdom-Daniel-prophesy-bronze-leopard-four-horns-goat-alexander-the-great-seleucid-ptolemy-cassander-lysimachus-hasmonean-maccabean-dates-333-31bc.jpg ... Judean coin ever minted (quarter-ma or 'ah-obol) under the authority of Ptolemy I at Kh. Maqatir in 2012 AD from sifting! a. Judean coins "YHD" coins in the early Ptolemaic empire (Egypt): "Coins 29-30: These coins too, on one side of which is seen a youthful male head and on the other an eagle, lack the characteristics of the Persian period. On the other hand they still lack certain Ptolemaic features, in particular the head of ... The coin features a young male head on one side (Obverse) and a spread winded eagle on the other (Reverse) c. Most important, it is the first coins with the name JEW or JUDAH on it (YHD) ... Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian Maker 3. Ritual ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Gods-eternal-plan-purpose-providential-transition-from-Temple-to-Synagogue-to-Church-prophecy-fulfilled.htm

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History of Biblical coins, how they were made, money weight system ... 22:20-21) However, Jewish coins would use sunbursts or other symbols in place of the image of the ruler as seen in the 2 Prutot of Alexander Jannaeus the widow put into the treasury at the temple. ... Judas was paid 30 Tyrian shekels to betray Jesus. Jesus overturned the tables of the money changers, whose job was to exchange standard coins for Tyrian shekels to pay the temple tax according to ... Darius the Mede (539-537 BC) created the Daric gold coin: "Some modern scholars favor the view that the Persian gold coin called the Δαρεικός (daric) by the Greeks takes its name from the Persian ... The inscription is "YHWDH" for the province of Judah (YHD) Notice the duck has its head tucked behind its back just like ducks sleep and EXACTLY like the ancient Sumerian duck weight stones! ... Coins have had different values in each of the Persian, Hasmonean and Roman period. There have been noted devaluations of coins in both the Hasmonean time (75-40 BC and 50 AD) Neither the Bible, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/bible-coins-history-money-weight-system.htm

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Aramaic: Native language of Jesus ... The scene where Jesus speaks to Pilate is sometimes appealed to as evidence that Jesus spoke Latin to Pilate. The problem with this theory, is that Pilate as the governor of Judea, would most certainly have been fluent in ... of them was able to speak the language of Judah, but the language of his own people." (Nehemiah 13:24) b. Archeologically an Aramaic "Persian period ... ostracon describing a delivery of wine" was found at Ashdod indicating that Aramaic was the working language of Ashdod. (Ashdod excavations, Moshe Dothan, 1962-1969 AD) c. ... K. Hauspie, Introduction, 2003 AD) "In Palestine after the Return [536 BC]., Aramaic gradually took the place of Hebrew in ordinary intercourse, and after the time of Alexander Greek became to some extent a rival of Aramaic. ... At the time of Jesus, the Greek Septuagint (LXX) was accepted by the Jews in their Synagogues as "equivalent to" the Hebrew Tanakh. (Old Testament). b. The Greek Septuagint Old Testament was the standard text of Apostle Paul ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-default-working-language-Jesus-first-century-Aramaic-Greek-Hebrew-Latin.htm

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The Samaritans: 720 BC The pagan half-Jews of the Old Testament ... ... Samaritans made a genuine offer to rebuilt the Jerusalem Temple but are rejected a. "Now when the enemies of Judah and Benjamin heard that the people of the exile were building a temple to the Lord God of Israel, they ... It is now certain that the first phase of the sacred precinct dates to the Persian period, and not to the time of Alexander the Great, as Josephus asserted, and many later authors repeated. In the Persian period the temple precinct was about 96 × 98 m in size and was built of local field stones. Adjacent to a ... For Ezra had set his heart to study the law of the Lord and to practice it, and to teach His statutes and ordinances in Israel." (Ezra 7:6-10) 28. 445 BC: Neh 6:5: Jerusalem City walls rebuilt a. Nehemiah is appointed governor ... However, we will see in the section on archaeology that excavations on Mt. Gerizim-especially coin finds-have shown that the destruction must be dated later, that is, in 111 or 110 b.c.e. In contrast to the narrative about the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-samaritans.htm

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Seder Olam Rabbah modern Jewish calendar English pdf free online Destruction of Shiloh to beginning of Babylonian Captivity 490 years (1094-605 BC) 449 years (888 BC-439 BC) Period of the Kings of Judah after death of Solomon 931 - 587 BC = 344 years 850 - 479 - 36 = 335 years -9 ... Persian empire 539-333 BC 205 years 52 years -153 Greek empire/Hasmoneans 333-31 BC 302 years 283 (180 + 103) years -19 Romans/Herod's 31 BC - 70 AD 100 years 103 years 1 Tabernacle at Shiloh ... Beginning of Babylonian Captivity 605 BC 439 BC Solomon's temple destroyed 587 BC 421 BC -166 Alexander the Great conquest 333 BC 316 BC -17 Herod's temple destroyed 70 AD 70 AD 0 Age of Men Age ... So it is clear that the Jews corrupted their Hebrew "proto-Masoretic" text in Zippori between 160-200 AD. 3. "The traditional Hebrew text, called the Masoretic Text, achieved its standard form ... Isaiah ben Amoz that he saw about Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziahu, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, kings of Judah." (Hos.1:1) "The word of the Eternal that was to Hosea ben Bari in the days ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Seder-Olam-Rabbah-full-text-PDF-Free-Online-Chronology-modern-Jewish-calendar-Textual-variants-Bible-manuscripts-Old-Testament-Torah-Tanakh-Rabbinical-Judaism-160AD.htm

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First Century Synagogue Top Plans: Modein (Hurvat Umm el-Umdan ... ... Now Jonathan died when he had been high priest four years, and had been also the governor of his nation. And these were the circumstances that concerned his death." ... The excavations revealed six main settlement strata from the Persian, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic periods. The main finds that were discovered - ... was determined on the basis of five Hasmonean coins from the time of John Hyrcanus and Alexander Jannaeus, which were discovered in the hall in the past (IAA 92213, 92227, 92233, 92235, 92421), and numerous fragments of pottery vessels from the Hellenistic-Hasmonean periods. An additional, ex-situ coin (Basket 13023; IAA 143558) that belongs to this phase was discovered during the current excavation season inside the synagogue hall, on top of the built bench from the Herodian period (below). ... Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Modein-Hurvat-Umm-el-Umdan-ancient-synagogues-first-century-oldest-pre70AD-Jesus-archeology-top-plan-mikveh-ark-of-scrolls-niche-bema-table-colour-fresco-132bc.htm

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690-570 BC: Egyptian Pharaohs of Babylonian Captivity: Tirhakah ... ... whom you trust deceive you saying [since it appeared to Sennacherib that Egypt was helping Hezekiah], "Jerusalem will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria."" (2 Kings 19:8-10; ... Now Berosus makes mention of his actions in the third book of his Chaldaic History, where he says thus:-(220) "When his father Nebuchodonosor [Nabopollassar] heard that the governor whom he had ... Of these he armed thirty thousand picked men and settled them in garrisons in the country districts. (And even before this time large numbers of Jews had come into Egypt with the Persian, and in an earlier period still ... (Judea, Philistia and Syria) a. "There is evidence for military cooperation between Egypt and Judah in 593, and the following year Psammetichus II organized a triumphal visit to Palestine ... the prophecy, Egypt played an insignificant role in Judah's history until the time of after Alexander the Great under the Greek empire: a. Alexander the great ruled died in 333-323 BC b. ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-Egyptian-Pharaohs-kings-Psammetichus-I-Neco-II-Psamtik-II-Hophra-Apries-babylonian-captivity-Nebuchadnezzar-Josiah-Zedekiah-664-570BC.htm

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Archaeology and the Religions of Canaan and Israel, Beth Alpert ... ... of the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha and the Dead Sea Scrolls, relates to religious practices of the Jewish community during the Second Temple period, when Judah was under Persian, Greek and finally Roman rule. ... For more on the Mesha Stele, see chapter 6. 36 The longevity of the Yahwistic shrines at Shechem, Shiloh and Samaria is suggested by a passage in Jeremiah. It is set in the period just following the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem and the subsequent murder of Gedaliah, the governor who Nebuchadnezzar had appointed to oversee Judah. Upon learning of Gedaliah's ... In all these reconstructions, Dtn was then brought to Jerusalem by people fleeing from the disaster of the Assyrian destruction in 732-721 B.C.E. Once it was in Jerusalem, Hezekiah utilized it as the basis for ... Stratum XIV was then destroyed, perhaps by Seti I at the end of the 14th century B.C.E. The LB IIB occupation (Stratum XIII=1A) showed a marked decline in the standard of living for the residents of the city ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-archaeology-and-the-religions-of-Canaan-and-israel-beth-alpert-nakhai.htm

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Origin of Ancient synagogues: Architectural prototype of the ... ... Public Bible readings: Preaching and Teaching In Synagogues 20. Greek Septuagint: The Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue 21. Greek Septuagint scroll of the Twelve Minor ... This new, important, and unique Jewish institution already existed during the Second Temple period." (Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research, ... The Church was the 5th kingdom of Daniel 2 1. First in the Babylonian captivity and the Persian empire, it spread Jews to every part of the world. 2. Second, God used Alexander the Great in 333 AD to make the Greek universal language of both Jew and Gentile. 3. ... The coin of Antiochus IV Epiphanes When Antiochus IV desecrated the Jerusalem temple in 167 BC it triggered the birth of the zealot movement (Hasmonean/Maccabean rebellion), wherein ... the sons of Aaron to run a restored temple, it also makes it impossible for Jews to identify their future messiah as the "branch of David" and the "Lion from the tribe of Judah". ... ... https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/welcome.htm

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Joshua's Altar on Mt. Ebal and the Lead Curse Tablet ... Alexander Jannaeus used the three letter Paleo-Hebrew spelling "YHW" on his coins, 500 years after the Paleo-Hebrew script went extinct as a memorial of Israel's beginning. His choice of the 3-letter spelling of the name of God in Paleo-Hebrew script confirms that it was considered a standard form. 1. "Yehonatan the King" (78 BC). "Many of Jannaeus' coins were ... advocates cannot now argue with a straight face that the ability to write scripture did not exist until the Persian or Hellenistic period. The author of the text was not only a scribe, but he was a theological leader. ... Ebal: Reuben + Gad + Asher + Zebulun + Dan + Naphtali = 307,930. Blessings on Mt. Gerizim: Simeon + Levi + Judah + Issachar + Joseph (Ephraim + Manasseh) + Benjamin = 293,800. But Levi was not ... Extremely few sacred sites of the ancient Israelites have been uncovered in archaeology of the Land of Israel; for, in an effort to centralize religious ritual in Jerusalem, Kings Hezekiah and Josiah ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-altar-of-joshua.htm

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Ancient Synagogue Literary Sources: Jews persecuting Christians ... ... The finds included some coins, oil lamps, and glass vessels from the Byzantine period. A coin from the reign of Anastasius (490-518 c.E.) was found in one of the compartments. Two large candlestick oil lamps and ... (like Jacob, and Israel, and Judah, and Joseph, and David,) are called and are the true sons of God, and keep the commandments of Christ" (Justin Martyr, Dialogues, Chapter 123, 130 AD) 5. "For all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in their hearts.' ... But though a man be a Scythian or a Persian, if he has the knowledge of ... And I promised to show that this prophecy was not spoken of Hezekiah, as you were taught, but of my Christ. This I now intend to prove." (Justin, Dialogue with Trypho the Rabbinical Jew 71, 150 AD) 3. ... Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1. Standard architectural synagogue typology: Introduction, Master Chart 2. Mikveh for Ritual Purity: The Christian Maker 3. Ritual purity stone Vessels: ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/synagogues/Ancient-Synagogue-Archeological-Literary-Sources-Bible-Jesus-Israel-Judea-diaspora-first-century-oldest-pre70A-Justin-Martyr-patristic-apostolic-church-father-150ad.htm

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Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria 858-824 BC inscriptions ... of Judah, pays tribute to Pul for protection against Aram in 742 BC:2 Kings 16:7 44. Shalmaneser V (726-722 BC) Hoshea paid tribute in 726 BC: 2 Kings 17:3 Captivity of Israel in 723 BC: 2 Kings 17:6; 18:9 45. Sargon II (721-705 BC) Capture of Ashdod in 713 BC: Isaiah 20:1 46. Sennacherib (704-681 BC) Attacks Jerusalem, Hezekiah ... It seems accept the opinion of those scholars who claim that these chapters relate of Jehoahaz, son of Jehu, a period in which the subjugation of Israel son of ... With the supreme forces which Aššur, my lord, had given to me (and) with the mighty weapons which the divine standard, which goes before me, had granted me I fought ... They slew Giammu, governor of their cities. I entered Til-Mâr-ahi. The Euphrates I crossed at its flood. I received gifts from all the kings of Hatti. At that time ... Gilzānu to the city Hubuskia, <from> the land Namri to the sea of Chaldaea [Persian Gulf], which is called the Marratu ("Bitter") River. (24b-40) i 1-9) Aššur, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Shalmaneser-III-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Ahab-Jehu-Omri-Hazael-Ben-Hadad-II-858-824BC.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rolalyn-maqsood-petra ... ... For the violence done to your brother shame shall cover you, and you shall be cut off for ever ... you should not have rejoiced over the people of Judah in the day of ... The next mention of them is in the C4 BCE, when Alexander the Great's massive empire was divided up amongst his generals after his death (323 BCE). The Petra region ... later history of Petra Roman Petra on the death of Rabbel II, Trajan annexed the Nabataean kingdom to the Province Arabia and appointed Cornelius Palma as governor. ... Another trade route from the east went up the Persian Gulf and thence by caravan up the Euphrates and across the desert to Antioch. Trajan's activities encouraged the ... In 131 CE the emperor Hadrian (76-138 CE) visited Petra and granted it the name Adriana Petra, but during the late Roman period it really only served as a religious ... The myth contained the following standard elements - the depressing sense of hopelessness about the moral condition of humanity; the descent of a virgin-born divine ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rosalyn-maqsood-petra-a-travelers-guide-1994ad.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... Parker and Dubberstein are the current scholastic standard for Jewish to Julian dates conversion today. b. In 1971, Parker and Dubberstein published their landmark ... 4. A few days before Passover AD 66, 3 million Jews gathered in Jerusalem to complain to Cestius Gallus about the evils of Judean governor Florus. (Wars 2.280-283). ... day of Chislev, on the 145th year, they built an abomination of desolation on the altar, and in the cities around Judah, they built altars." (1 Maccabees 1:54) d. ... The period of time recorded in 1 Maccabees is three full 365-day years plus 8 days and equals a grand total of 1103 days. Daniel said it was only 1150 days. f. The ... Masada Captured by the Jews (likely Manahem) who slaughtered the Romans and refurbished the Masada synagogue on the summit that Alexander Jannaeus had built in 78 BC. ... Roman armies captured Gamla and 5000 Jews committed suicide by jumping over the cliffs in November AD 67. The very first coin minted during the first Jewish war was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible-Only-Revelation-Commentary-Josephus-Chronology-Destruction-Jerusalem-First-Jewish-War-70AD.htm

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Flavius Josephus Chronology of the Destruction of Jerusalem's ... ... Parker and Dubberstein are the current scholastic standard for Jewish to Julian dates conversion today. b. In 1971, Parker and Dubberstein published their landmark ... surrounded a second time by Jewish armies: Herod Agrippa II sends Syrian Governor Cestius and his Roman army to set up camp 6 miles outside Jerusalem to attempt ... th day of Chislev, on the 145 th year, they built an abomination of desolation on the altar, and in the cities around Judah, they built altars." (1 Maccabees 1:54) d. ... The period of time recorded in 1 Maccabees is three full 365-day years plus 8 days and equals a grand total of 1103 days. Daniel said it was only 1150 days. f. The ... Masada Captured by the Jews (likely Manahem) who slaughtered the Romans and refurbished the Masada synagogue on the summit that 16 Alexander Jannaeus had built in 78 ... Roman armies captured Gamla and 5000 Jews committed suicide by jumping over the cliffs in November AD 67. The very first coin minted during the first Jewish war was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/revelation/Bible%20Only%20Revelation%20Commentary%20Josephus-Chronology%20Destruction%20Jerusalem%20Steven%20Rudd.pdf

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Lunar Eclipses at birth and death of Christ: 1 BC and 3 April ... ... "Two days after alexander crossed the Tigris the moon was red." (Histories of Alexander the Great, 20 September 331 BC, 4.10.2) Lunar Eclipse: 18 October 69 AD "10 ... equal to the difference TT - UT. In defining TT, astronomers have adopted the standard length of day (LOD) as defined by the average rate of rotation of the Earth ... in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, and Herod was tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip was ... Egyptian chronology during the period between Moses and Solomon (1446 BC - 931 BC), so too, we should use the New Testament chronology to decode Roman chronology. ... Consequently, the years in which Herod was appointed king by the Romans, 39t, and the year in which he deposed Antigonus and became de facto ruler in Judah, 36t, are ... In 2 Kings 20:1-11, Hezekiah sought a sign that would confirm the word of the prophet Isaiah, namely, that God would heal him and extend his life. The sign given was ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/jesus-christ-died-death-cross-eclipse-red-blood-moon-sun-darkness-earthquake-bodies-raised-resurrection-temple-veil-torn-in-two-centurian-son-of-god-3-april-33AD.htm

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Official creed of the Shakers: Compendium (1859) Mother Ann Lee ... liberty of conscience, requiring the Jewish Christian Church to come to its standard of orthodoxy, or endure physical torture, and the breaking up of their ... When the prophets spoke of the Millennial period and Church, it was with expressions such as, "Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both old men and young ... principle itself, nor render it nugatory (in the proper order) in the true Church, but confirms it, as really as does counterfeit coin prove that there is true money. ... in them the character of the "Lion of the tribe of Judah;" during which process, all the events described in that book would be accomplished in them as individuals. ... But swearing was also contrary to their faith. 57. Whereupon David Darrow, Joseph Meacham, and John Hocknell were put into prison; then Hezekiah Hammond, and Joel ... were released from prison, without any trial, by order of Governor George Clinton, after being confined six months, without any cause, except their religious faith. ... ... https://www.bible.ca/cr-shakers.htm

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Wadi Daliyeh (Cave of Abu Shinjeh) Sanballat seal and Bulla, ... 2. It is one of the most important sites in Israel to archeologically document the Persian period of Judea up to the advent of Alexander the Great in 333 BC. 3. Sanballat II, the son/grandson of the biblical Sanballat (445 BC) who classed with Nehemiah is named on a bulla and in one of the Aramaic documents discovered in the cave. 4. Sanballat I lived at the same time as Tobiah who built a palace seen today at modern Qasr al Abd in Jordan. 5. Sanballat I also is named in the Elephantine Papyri: a. See full outline on Elephantine papyri and Sanballat b. Sanballat I is named as the governor of Samaria in the Aramaic Papyrus: I. Bible verses that mention Sanballat: 1. "When ... 1. Sanballat I was governor of Samaria (ca. 445-408 BCE) and one of the bitter opponents of NEHEMIAH. He, together with Tobiah the Ammonite and Geshem the Arabian, opposed Nehemiah's rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem (445 BCE) and his other activities in Judah (Neh 2:10, 19; 4:1, 7; 6:1-2, 5, 12, 14; 13:28). ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-manuscripts-bulla-Wadi-Daliyeh-cave-Abu-Shinjeh-Persian-Aramaic-papyrus-letters-legal-documents-clay-seal-string-endorsed-sealed-Sanballat-408BC.htm

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Bible Clay Bulla and seals from Israel and Judah Bible Clay Bulla and seals from Israel and Judah Homepage Encyclopedia of Bullae and Seals: FREE! The Exhibit: On-line Museum of Bulla and seals Security: Creation of ancient legal documents and the how bullae are made to seal papyrus paper. Antitype: Pottery, seals, bulla and anti-typical New Testament imagery. Forgeries: Known fake and ... A refuge for wealthy persons from Samaria who had fled before the approaching army of Alexander the Great. They brought with them legal documents written in Aramaic, dated to the end of the Persian period (second half of the 4th century BCE). The papyri, mostly in a poor state of preservation, were sealed with bullae, of which 128 were recovered. Each document was sealed with several bullae, and one was tied with string to which were still attached seven bullae in good condition. a deed of sale, was sealed with the seal of "[Yesha']yahu son of [San]ballat, Governor of Samaria. 1960s Y. Aharoni, inside pottery juglet at Lachish 17 bullae, only ... ... https://www.bible.ca/bulla/

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Solomon's network of military border fortresses in the Negev ... This king attempted to enter the Red Sea trade, appointing a governor in Edom and building protective forts along the roads in the South. In his time, the fortress at Kadesh-barnea would have served as a stronghold protecting the southern border of Judah, and may have been the administrative headquarters for the entire area. However, it is also possible that the fortress was built by Uzziah, who reigned in Judah circa 784-733 B.C.E., and who also fortified the southern limits of Judah, conquered Elath and Edom, and successfully waged war on the Arabs. ... After the destruction of the fortress, the site was resettled, in the Persian period, towards the end of the 6th century or at the start of the 5th ... He also rejects the view that desert nomads transitioned from nomadism to sedentarization (settling down in one place). He openly rejects the views of Ussishkin. Rothenberg: 1969 (Timna, Beno Rothenberg) Built by Amalekites in 1300 BC. Destroyed by King Hezekiah: 1 Chronicles ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-davids-negev-border-fortress-network.htm

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Egyptian Ptolemaic Empire rulers coins: 323-31 BC ... There were hundreds of coins produced during the Ptolemaic era of many varieties. During the earliest years of the empire, Ptolemy II (282-246 BC) for example produced a series of coin denominations in gold, silver and bronze. The same sets of ... Lepta (Plural Lepton) 1 letpa = 1 half-prutah 2 lepton = 1 quadran/prutah 7 lepton = 1 cholkos 128 lepton = 1 drachma/denarii Greek, Ptolemaic Widow gave two lepta (1 Prutot of Alexander Jannaeus) Quarter-obol 24 quarter-obols = 1 drachma 4 ... Judean coins "YHD" coins in the early Ptolemaic empire (Egypt): "Coins 29-30: These coins too, on one side of which is seen a youthful male head and on the other an eagle, lack the characteristics of the Persian period. On the other hand they still lack ... Ptolemy Empire (323-31 BC) Seleucid Empire (321-64 BC) Cassander (319-168 BC) We do not discuss this kingdom at all because it is far removed from land of Judah. Lysimachus (323-133 BC) We do not discuss this kingdom at all because it is far ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/coins/Jesus-coins-of-the-bible-Ptolemaic-empire-323-31BC.htm

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Taylor Prism: Sennacherib attacks Hezekiah 701 BC The Prism also records the allegiance between Egypt and Judah in a failed attempt to defeat Sennacherib. c. The Prism mentions many bible names and places including: Hezekiah, Sennacherib, Egypt, Ekron, Timnah, Ashkelon, Gaza, Tyre, ... Translation: ibid., and Luckenbill, AR, II, §§233 ff., col. ii 37-iii 49, 1924 AD b. The Royal inscriptions of Sennacherib. Neo-Assyrian period Vol. 3/1, A. Kirk Grayson, #22, p167, 2012 AD I. Chronology of Hezekiah, Manasseh, Josiah, Tirhakah, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal: 1. 701 BC: ... Heroditus (Hist. 2.29.2-30.5) noted a military outpost in the days of Psammetichus I and the Aramaic Elephantine Papyri remarked that when Cambyses, the king of Persian who succeeded Cyrus the Great, conquered Egypt in 525 BC, that ... He decorated the building in a fitting fashion, which included large limestone bull colossi stationed in its gateways. The two complete exemplars preserve a date. One (ex. 2) was inscribed in the eponymy of Bel-emuranni, governor of ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Sennacherib-Assyria-inscriptions-annals-Taylor-Chicago-Prism-Hezekiah-alliance-Tirhakah-Egypt-Jerusalem-Ekron-Moab-Edom-701BC.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca introduction: Jehoiakim, Zedekiah, Nico ... Outline on Jehoiakim king of Judah (609-598 BC) Outline on Zedekiah King of Judah (597-587 BC) Outline on Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judah (587 BC) "What we read in the book, we find in the ground" Arad and Ramah-Negev Ostraca collection 609, 597 BC Arad ... In these cases the broken pottery was a cheap and abundant paper to write on. "In the late monarchic period, the time of these letters, Arad was a fortified supply depot. Staple foods were stockpiled and sent on demand to Judean army units ... Stratum II 7-9th century AD (Islamic) 5 Stratum III 1-2nd century AD (Roman) 2 Stratum IV 3rd - 1st century BC 0 Stratum V 5th - 4th century BC (Persian) 85 Stratum VI 605 - 595 BC (Jehoiakim, Zedekiah) 22 + 10 Stratum VII 7th century BC 3 + 10 ... Bath Homer Hekat (a symbol for standard measurement amount, followed by a number ie "Hekat 4" = 4 standard measures) Ephah Donkey load Jar The sorts of supplies seen in the ostraca is fascinating: Food: flower, grain, wheat, barley, bread, oil, ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-Arad-18-24-40-88-letters-refugee-temple-YHWH-edomite-threat-troops-edom-Ramah-Negev-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-Neco-II-Egypt-Jehoiakim-Zedekiah-Judah-608-597bc.htm

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Pots and Polities: Material Remains of Late Iron Age Judah in ... ... Ashkelon and its Jaffa-Azor extension probably also became part of the anti-Assyrian alliance. Hezekiah may have hadcontrol over Gat as well (Na'aman 1979: 67; 1974: 27); but against this, see Mittmann (1990: 98-99),7 which is convincing; hence, ... There were probably also royal Judaean weights, in view of the major role of the royal house in the economic life of Judah. I believe that these were perhaps different in shape or material, but not in standard, following the evidence of the ... Mommsen, Perlman, and Yellin 1984: 106-7), while Na'aman (1989: 42-44) studied the distribution and the relation to Judah. Detailed studies of the stamps were made by Ofer (1993) and Cahill (1995). The rosette stamps were impressed on Lachish type 483 jars, dated to the seventh century B.C. (Zim-honi 1990: 9, 32; one stamp from Tell en-Nasbeh is exceptional: Zorn 1993: 81-82). A few stamps are dated to the Persian period, mainly from Ramat Ra-hel IV. Many scholars have tried to pinpoint the date ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-pots-and-polities-material-remains-of-late-iron-age-judah-in-relation-to-its-political-borders-raz-kletter-1999ad.htm

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Excavations At Kadesh-Barnea: 1976-1978, Ein el-Qudeirat, Rudolph ... ... be ascribed to the Judean king Jehoshaphat (ca. 870-846 B.c.E.), who, according to the biblical account, attempted to enter the Red Sea trade (1 Kgs 22:49) and appointed a governor in Edom (1 Kgs 22:48). If this date is too early, the likeliest ascription then would be to the later Judean king Uzziah (ca. 784-733 B.C.E.), who, in the context of his vigorous foreign policy, restored Eilat (2 Chr 26:10) and fortified the southern regions of Judah (2 Chr 26:10). ... After the destruction of the fortress, there was evidently limited reoccupation of the site during the Persian period in the 5th-4th centuries B.C.E. A few structures were built at the eastern end of the courtyard, and the associated finds included the characteristic ... Interestingly, the proportion of handmade to wheel-made vessels was much higher in this earlier fortress than in the upper one. It is also apparent that this handmade pottery imitates wheel-made types. The most common vessels were standard cooking-pots, but there ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ein-el-qudeirat-excavations-at-kadesh-barnea-rudolph-cohen-ba-1976-1982ad.htm

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Adad-Nirari III(810-783) The "Unknown Deliverer" of 2 Kings 13 ... ... her six years ruling Judah were not included in Josiah's total years. This in spite of the fact that the standard dating formula used for all other kings was never applied to Athaliah or her reign. (ie. In the 5th year of xx king of Judah, xx became king of Israel and he reigned 10 years) The 5th year military actions on the Rimah Joash Stele ... The solution to the second problem is to view the conquests of Aram beginning in the 5th year and continuing for a period of time until completion in 797 BC. This appears to be correct because "we know from the eponym ... It is curious, however, that he did so, but then the text as a whole is strange: note the prominent role given to a governor, the unskilled manner in which the stone was carved, and the occasional faults in syntax. A ... Captivity of Israel in 723 BC: 2 Kings 17:6; 18:9 15. Sargon II (721-705 BC) Capture of Ashdod in 713 BC: Isaiah 20:1 16. Sennacherib (704-681 BC) Attacks Jerusalem, Hezekiah builds famous water tunnel and city walls ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Adad-Nirari-III-king-of-Assyria-stele-inscriptions-statues-810-783bc.htm

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Samaritan Pentateuch Textual Variants: Joshua's Altar was on ... ... Notice the Jews were afraid of the peoples of the lands around Jerusalem, not perhaps the Samaritans specifically. 5. 533 BC: EZRA CREATES HIS OWN ENEMY: SAMARITAN VS. JEW WAR IS STARTED: Sincere Samaritans made a genuine offer to rebuilt the Jerusalem Temple but are rejected a. "Now when the enemies of Judah and ... It began to grow in the Hellenistic period, and eventually, i.e., in the second century B.C.E., reached a size of 800 × 500 m, becoming the main city of the Samaritans. It is now certain that the first phase of the sacred precinct dates to the Persian period, and not to the time of Alexander the Great, as Josephus asserted, and many later authors repeated. ... Tobias built a Temple in modern Jordan: d. The author standing at the front door of the palace of Tobiah with his name etched in the stone: 3. 408 BC: Sanballat, enemy of the Jews, was governor of the Samaritans: 4. 407 BC: The Elephantine temple papyrus references Sanballat as the governor of Samaria. 5. 250 BC: The ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Samaritan-Pentateuch-SP-Bible-Manuscript-Textual-Variants-Old-Testament-scribal-gloss-error-Deut27-4-Mt-Gerizim-Ebal-Dead-Sea-Scroll-4Q33-Deuteronomy-f.htm

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671 BC: Victory Stele of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria ... Satan sawed Isaiah the son of Amoz, the prophet, in half by the hand of Manasseh. 42 And Hezekiah gave all these things to Manasseh in the twenty-sixth year of his reign. 43 But Manasseh did ... triggering Ashurbanipal's first campaign against Egypt in an alliance of 22 kings, including Manasseh king of Judah, resulted in the defeat of Pharaoh Tirhakah first at Memphis, then at Thebes. ... Heroditus (Hist. 2.29.2-30.5) noted a military outpost in the days of Psammetichus I and the Aramaic Elephantine Papyri remarked that when Cambyses, the king of Persian who succeeded Cyrus the Great, ... with the removal of the native dynasty and the installation of an Assyrian governor. We know the name of one such governor of Samʾal, who is mentioned in several cuneiform texts: Nabû-aḫḫē-ēreš, the eponym of the year 681 b.c. (see Millard 1994: 102). It was during this provincial period that the monumental inscribed stele of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, was set up inside ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/bible-archeology-Victory-Stele-Esarhaddon-King-Assyria-Manasseh-Judah-Taharqa-Tirhakah-Pharaoh-Egypt-ropes-lip-ring-hook-shackled-Zinjirli-671BC.htm

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Tobiah the Ammonite: Temple and Palace in Jordan: 5445 BC Introduction: 1. Tobiah was the governor of Ammon, a high ranking official appointed by the Perians of the transjordan Ammonites when Nehemiah was rebuilding Jerusalem after returning from Babylonian captivity in 445 BC. a. Do not confuse this archeological site with the Tobias (200 BC), the grandfather of Hyrcanus: 2 Macc 3:11. This man was a prominent and wealthy Jew of the Maccabean period, not ... Nehemiah 6:14 "Also in those days many letters went from the nobles of Judah to Tobiah, and Tobiah's letters came to them." Nehemiah 6:17 "Moreover, they were speaking about his good deeds in my ... it could hold two thousand baths." 1 Kings 7:26 The lily, "shoshanah", appears on the coins of Johanan Hyrcanus and Alexander Jannaeus. Click to View It was regarded as the choicest among the flowers. ... Yizhak b. Abdimi intimated that the Shushan was constructed by the Persian government to emphasize Jewish dependence and to insure loyalty of the Jews to that power. Of the other sacred objects in the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-tobiah-temple-palace.htm

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597 BC: Arad Ostraca #40: Zedekiah and the Edomite invasion into ... ... Outline on Jehoiakim king of Judah (609-598 BC) Outline on Zedekiah King of Judah (597-587 BC) Outline on Gedaliah 1st Governor of Judah (587 BC) "What we read in the book, we find in the ground" Click ... Intrusive (anachronistic) pottery and objects are dated to one time but found in a locus of a different time. An intrusive archeological object is a first century coin of Pilate in the center of a locus ... Why are "intrusive" artifacts from one time period, professionally excavated from a locus or stratum of a different time period? It is VERY common for archeological excavations to identify intrusive ... #24 was the reply to #40. Originally, this ostracon was wrongly dated to 701 BC, coinciding with Hezekiah and Sennacherib, king of Assyria This date is totally wrong for many reasons. "This ostracon belongs to Stratum VIII, and if our chronology is correct, then the King of Judah mentioned is Hezekiah. [If that be the case, then perhaps the evil done by Edom was their early ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/ostraca/bible-ostraca-ostracon-Arad40-letters-edomite-threat-send-troops-Gemariah-Nehemiah-Malchijah-Eshijah-Ramah-Negev-Tel-Ira-Kinah-Horvat-Uza-YHWH-597bc.htm

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bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra ... ... moving on to destroy Babylon in 539 BC. The Persian period in the history of Edom is one of the least known, for there are few historical references to it and even fewer inscriptions or excavations. ... They spoke an Arabic dialect, and by the late 4th century BC had adopted the more common Aramaic script which had become the lingua franca of the area under Persian rule, especially for commercial ... end of the 4th century BC. Diodorus recounts the campaigns against the Nabataeans by the ruler of Syria, Antigonus ('the One-Eyed'), one of the more ambitious of Alexander the Great's former generals. ... Damascus to save them from the threatening Ituraean kingdom in the area of modern Lebanon, Aretas III took over Damascus around 84 BC and ruled it through an appointed governor for over a dozen years. ... The last such reference to a bishop at Petra is to the late 6th-century Bishop Athenogenus, a nephew of the Emperor Maurice (582-602). Coin evidence from Diana Kirkbride's excavations around the ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-petra-rami-g-khouri-petra-a-guide-to-the-capital-of-the-nabataeans-1986ad.htm

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Archeology of the Greek language at the Time of Christ After the Babylonian Captivity of 605-536BC, the Jews used the Hebrew language less and less until the time of Alexander the Great when almost none of the Jews spoke Hebrew anymore. e. Outside of ... I. Greek was the language of Jewish worship: Scripture and synagogues Greek Septuagint used in all Jewish Synagogues as standard text: "Finally, it should be noted that the LXX translation functioned ... There were almost 500 synagogues in Jerusalem alone at the time of Christ: Alexandria, Egypt had many Synagogues: "But as the governor of the country, who by himself could, if he had chosen to do so, ... II. Greek Synagogue Inscriptions before 70 AD (Second Temple period): Synagogues before 70 AD Archeological top plan of Greek language Synagogues Date Location Archeological top plan 250 BC Delos ... We know from the Elephantine Temple papyri that the temple stood at Elephantine at the time of the Persian ruler Cambyses conquered Egypt in 525 BC. With the universal decree of the decree of Cyrus in ... ... ...https://www.bible.ca/manuscripts/Septuagint-LXX-Archeology-of-Bible-languages-Greek-Tanakh-synagogue-inscriptions-coins-Jewish-grave-tombstones-first-century-time-Jesus.htm

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