Comparison list of 26 Moses/Paul Shadows, Types, Antitypes and similarities

Moses as a Type of Apostle Paul: Scripture writers

A list of 26 similarities

2 Corinthians 3; Colossians 2:17

Comparison Chart of 26 Moses/Paul Shadows, Types, Antitypes and Similarities

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List of 13 Exodus Route types of our salvation in Christ

Replacement Theology: The church replaced the Jewish Temple

Introduction: Paul fulfilled the antitype of Moses as the lawgiver by visiting Mt. Sinai

1. The primary typology between Moses and Paul is that both are scripture writers of the canon

a. Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible that were the sole written authority in Israel until the time of Samuel and David.

b. Paul wrote 14 of the 27 New Testament books.

Paul went to Arabia immediately after being converted:

"But when God, who had set me apart even from my mother’s womb and called me through His grace, was pleased to reveal His Son in me so that I might preach Him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with flesh and blood, nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me; but I went away to Arabia, and returned once more to Damascus." (Galatians 1:15–17)
"This is allegorically speaking, for these women are two covenants: one proceeding from Mount Sinai bearing children who are to be slaves; she is Hagar. Now this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free; she is our mother." (Galatians 4:24–26)

Where in Arabia would Paul go and why?

Something important in Arabia made Paul go to Arabia at his conversion.
Damascus was part of Nabatean Arabia at the time of his conversion, so if he was already in “Arabia” and he went to “Arabia”, this infers that he went to Petra, the capital city of Nabatean Arabia or Mt. Sinai in Arabia.
If I was Paul and Aretas IV had just tried to kill me, I would go ANYWHERE but Arabia at Petra.
When Paul went to Arabia, he would not go anywhere near Petra (Kadesh Barnea) because that is the royal city of Aretas IV who just tried to kill Paul.
Paul was compelled to go to Mt. Sinai to fulfill the antitype of Moses as the primary lawgiver of the New Testament who would go on to write 14 of the 27 books that contain the majority of theological and doctrinal instruction.
Just as Moses went to Mt. Sinai to learn the law directly from God, so too Paul went to Mt. Sinai to learn the law directly from Christ. This is exactly what Galatians 1:15-17 says!

Paul is the Antitype of Moses who visited Mt. Sinai immediately upon conversion.

Moses a shadow and type of Apostle Paul

Click here for Full quotations

	List of 26 Moses/Paul Shadows and Antitypes
	“Shadow of what was to come, but the substance belongs to Christ” Col 2:17	Moses	Paul
1.	Both were chosen from birth for a special divine purpose	Ex 2:5	Gal 1:15
2.	Both were outsiders, "Trojan Horses" who were brought into highest inner circle	Ex 2:6	Acts 5:34; 21:39; 22:3, 25–29
3.	Both had Kings who tried to kill them	Ex 1:22; 2:15	2 Cor 11:32–33
4.	Both escaped death through a woven basket	Ex 2:3	2 Cor 11:32–33
5.	Both received the top education the world had to offer:	Ex 2:10; Acts 7:22	Acts 22:3; Phil 3:6
6.	Both proved their faith by works before being commissioned by God	Ex 2:11	Acts 22:4-5
7.	Both murdered someone immediately before their conversions	Ex 2:12	Acts 7:58; 9:1-2
8.	Both were rejected by their brethren as a deliverers and saviors	Acts 7:25	Acts 9:23-26; 22:18
9.	Both talked to God after seeing a bright light in the wilderness	Ex 3:2-3	Acts 9:3
10.	Both asked God, “who are you” and God replied, "I AM"	Ex 3:13–14	Acts 22:8
11.	Both immediately fled to Mt. Sinai and received instruction	Ex 2:15; Heb 11:27	Gal 1:17
12.	Both received instructions directly from God on the law at Mt. Sinai	Acts 7:38	Gal 1:15–17
13.	Both were law givers who wrote major sections of scripture	Pentateuch: 5 OT books	14 NT books
14.	Both rejected earthly riches, position, and prestige for heavenly treasures	Heb 11:26	Phil 3:4-8
15.	Fellow Hebrews rejected the message of truth and salvation	Acts 7:39	Acts 18:4–6
16.	Both had fellow Jews who chose slavery and bondage over freedom and salvation	Ex 14:11–12; Num 14:3–4	Gal 4:25; 5:1–4
17.	Both performed spectacular and extraordinary miracles	Acts 7:36	Acts 19:11–12
18.	Both had speech impediments but produced powerful and impressive written documents	Ex 4:10	2 Cor 10:10
19.	Both were physically affected after they saw God	2 Cor 3:7–8	2 Cor 12:4–7
20.	Both repeatedly asked God for a request, but both were denied	Deut 3:25-26	2 Cor 12:2-10
21.	Paul removed the “mystery veil” of Moses by teaching about the glory of Jesus Christ	Ex 34:33–35	2 Cor 3:12–18; Eph 3:1–6; Rom 16:25–27; Col 2:1–3
22.	Writing on stone vs. spirit	Ex 24:12; 2 Cor 3:7	2 Cor 3:2-3
23.	Both endured persecution by stoning from fellow Hebrews they were trying to save	Ex 17:3–4	Jn 8:59; 10:31; Acts 14:4–7; 19–20; 2 Cor 11:24–29
24.	Both were opposed by false prophets of depraved mind	2 Tim 3:8; Ex 7:11–13	1 Tim 6:3–5
25.	Both became fearful during their mission and needed reassuring in what to speak	Ex 6:11–13	Acts 18:9–10
26.	Paul shared with Christ, the function of being Moses’ replacement by removing the veil	Deuteronomy 18:18-19	Acts 3:19–24; 2 Cor 3:18–4:6

Full Quotations:

1. Both were chosen from birth for a special divine purpose: Exodus 2:5; Galatians 1:15

a. Moses saved from Nile: "The daughter of Pharaoh came down to bathe at the Nile, with her maidens walking alongside the Nile; and she saw the basket among the reeds and sent her maid, and she brought it to her." (Exodus 2:5)

b. Paul chosen from womb: "But when God, who had set me apart even from my mother’s womb and called me through His grace" (Galatians 1:15)

2. Both were outsiders and "Trojan Horses" who were brought into highest level of the inner circle: Exodus 2:6; Acts 5:34; 21:39; 22:3, 25–29

a. Moses was a Hebrew foreigner born in Goshen who became Pharaoh's son and heir to the throne of Egypt, who lived in the palaces of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak and the three palaces excavated at Tel el-Dab'a: "When she opened it, she saw the child, and behold, the boy was crying. And she had pity on him and said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.” (Exodus 2:6)

b. Paul was a Roman Cilician foreigner born in Tarsus heir to the Sanhedrin, who lived among the Jerusalem Elite:

i. "But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the Law, respected by all the people, stood up in the Council and gave orders to put the men outside for a short time." (Acts 5:34)

ii. "But Paul said, “I am a Jew of Tarsus in Cilicia, a citizen of no insignificant city; and I beg you, allow me to speak to the people.” (Acts 21:39)

iii. “I am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city [Jerusalem], educated under Gamaliel, strictly according to the law of our fathers, being zealous for God just as you all are today." (Acts 22:3)

iv. "But when they stretched him out with thongs, Paul said to the centurion who was standing by, “Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman and uncondemned?” When the centurion heard this, he went to the commander and told him, saying, “What are you about to do? For this man is a Roman.” The commander came and said to him, “Tell me, are you a Roman?” And he said, “Yes.” The commander answered, “I acquired this citizenship with a large sum of money.” And Paul said, “But I was actually born a citizen.” Therefore those who were about to examine him immediately let go of him; and the commander also was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had put him in chains." (Acts 22:25–29)

3. Both had Kings who tried to kill them: Exodus 1:22; 2:15; 2 Corinthians 11:32–33

a. Moses in 1526 BC: "Then Pharaoh commanded all his people, saying, “Every son who is born you are to cast into the Nile" (Exodus 1:22)

b. Moses in 1486 BC: "When Pharaoh heard of this matter, he tried to kill Moses." (Exodus 2:15)

c. Paul in AD 38: "In Damascus the ethnarch under Aretas the king was guarding the city of the Damascenes in order to seize me, and I was let down in a basket through a window in the wall, and so escaped his hands." (2 Corinthians 11:32–33)

4. Both escaped death through a woven basket: Exodus 2:3; 2 Corinthians 11:32–33

a. Moses: "But when she could hide him no longer, she got him a wicker basket and covered it over with tar and pitch. Then she put the child into it and set it among the reeds by the bank of the Nile." (Exodus 2:3)

b. Paul: "In Damascus the ethnarch under Aretas the king was guarding the city of the Damascenes in order to seize me, and I was let down in a basket through a window in the wall, and so escaped his hands." (2 Corinthians 11:32–33)

5. Both received the top education the world had to offer: Exodus 2:10; Acts 7:22; 22:3; Phil 3:6

a. Wisdom of Egypt:

i. "The child grew, and she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter and he became her son. And she named him Moses, and said, “Because I drew him out of the water.” (Exodus 2:10)

ii. “Moses was educated in all the learning of the Egyptians, and he was a man of power in words and deeds." (Acts 7:22)

b. Wisdom of Jerusalem:

i. "I was… educated under Gamaliel, strictly according to the law of our fathers, being zealous for God just as you all are today." (Acts 22:3)

ii. "I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries among my countrymen." (Galatians 1:14)

iii. "as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to the righteousness which is in the Law, found blameless." (Philippians 3:6)

6. Both proved their faith by works before being commissioned by God: Exodus 2:11; Acts 22:4-5

a. Moses defended against moral injustice: "Now it came about in those days, when Moses had grown up, that he went out to his brethren and looked on their hard labors; and he saw an Egyptian beating a Hebrew, one of his brethren." (Exodus 2:11)

b. Paul defended against what he wrongly thought was "false doctrine": “I persecuted this Way to the death, binding and putting both men and women into prisons, as also the high priest and all the Council of the elders can testify. From them I also received letters to the brethren, and started off for Damascus in order to bring even those who were there to Jerusalem as prisoners to be punished." (Acts 22:4–5)

7. Both murdered someone immediately before their conversions: Exodus 2:12; Acts 7:58; 9:12

a. Moses murdered the wicked Egyptian: "So he looked this way and that, and when he saw there was no one around, he struck down the Egyptian and hid him in the sand." (Exodus 2:12)

b. Paul murdered innocent Stephen: "When they had driven Stephen out of the city, they began stoning him; and the witnesses laid aside their robes at the feet of a young man named Saul." (Acts 7:58)

c. Paul wanted to kill many Christians: "Now Saul, still breathing threats and murder against the disciples of the Lord, went to the high priest, and asked for letters from him to the synagogues at Damascus, so that if he found any belonging to the Way, both men and women, he might bring them bound to Jerusalem." (Acts 9:1–2)

8. Both were rejected by their brethren as a deliverers and saviors: Acts 7:25; 9:23-26; 22:18

a. Moses was rejected in Egypt in 1486 BC: "And he supposed that his brethren understood that God was granting them deliverance through him, but they did not understand." (Acts 7:25)

b. Paul was rejected by fellow Jews in Damascus in AD 36: "When many days had elapsed, the Jews plotted together to do away with him, but their plot became known to Saul. They were also watching the gates day and night so that they might put him to death; but his disciples took him by night and let him down through an opening in the wall, lowering him in a large basket." (Acts 9:23-25)

c. Christian Jews rejected Paul in Jerusalem in 38 AD: "When he came to Jerusalem, he was trying to associate with the disciples; but they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple." (Acts 9:26)

d. Paul was rejected by fellow non-Christian Jews in Jerusalem in 39/40 AD: "Jesus said to me, ‘Make haste, and get out of Jerusalem quickly, because they will not accept your testimony about Me.’" (Acts 22:18)

9. Both talked to God after seeing a bright light in the wilderness: Exodus 3:2-3; Acts 9:3

a. Moses and the burning bush at Mt. Sinai: "The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a blazing fire from the midst of a bush; and he looked, and behold, the bush was burning with fire, yet the bush was not consumed. So Moses said, “I must turn aside now and see this marvelous sight, why the bush is not burned up.” (Exodus 3:2–3)

b. Paul and bright light on the road to Damascus: "As he was traveling, it happened that he was approaching Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him;" (Acts 9:3)

10. Both asked God, “who are you” and God replied, "I AM": Exodus 3:13–14; Acts 22:8

a. Moses: "Then Moses said to God, “Behold, I am going to the sons of Israel, and I will say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’ Now they may say to me, ‘What is His name?’ What shall I say to them?” God said to Moses, “I AM WHO I AM”; and He said, “Thus you shall say to the sons of Israel, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’ ” (Exodus 3:13–14)

b. Paul: “And I answered, ‘Who are You, Lord?’ And He said to me, ‘I AM Jesus the Nazarene, whom you are persecuting.’" (Acts 22:8)

11. Both immediately fled to Mt. Sinai and received instruction: Exodus 2:15; Hebrews 11:27; Galatians 1:17

a. Moses fled to Sinai: "But Moses fled from the presence of Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well." (Exodus 2:15)
"By faith he left Egypt, not fearing the wrath of the king; for he endured, as seeing Him who is unseen." (Hebrews 11:27)

b. Paul fled to Sinai: "nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me; but I went away to Arabia, and returned once more to Damascus." (Galatians 1:17)

12. Both received instructions directly from God on the law at Mt. Sinai: Acts 7:38; Galatians 1:15–17

a. Moses: "This is the one who was in the congregation in the wilderness together with the angel who was speaking to him on Mount Sinai, and who was with our fathers; and he received living oracles to pass on to you." (Acts 7:38)

b. Paul learned the law of Christ directly from Jesus at Mt. Sinai:
"But when God, who had set me apart even from my mother’s womb and called me through His grace, was pleased to reveal His Son in me so that I might preach Him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with flesh and blood, nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me; but I went away to Arabia, and returned once more to Damascus." (Galatians 1:15–17)

13. Both were law givers who wrote major sections of scripture: Pentateuch, 14 New Testament books

a. Moses: Moses wrote the ten commandments, the book of the law beside the ark and the 5 books of the Torah/Pentateuch.

b. Paul: Paul wrote 14 of the 27 new testament books of the law of Christ and is the primary theologian of the church.

14. Both rejected earthly riches, position, and prestige for heavenly treasures: Hebrews 11:26; Philippians 3:4-8

a. Riches and prestige of Egypt rubbish: "Moses considering the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures of Egypt; for he was looking to the reward." (Hebrews 11:26)

b. Riches and prestige of Jerusalem rubbish: "I myself might have confidence even in the flesh. If anyone else has a mind to put confidence in the flesh, I far more: circumcised the eighth day, of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the Law, a Pharisee; as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to the righteousness which is in the Law, found blameless. But whatever things were gain to me, those things I have counted as loss for the sake of Christ. More than that, I count all things to be loss in view of the surpassing value of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and count them but rubbish so that I may gain Christ," (Philippians 3:4-8)

15. Fellow Hebrews rejected the message of truth and salvation: Acts 7:39; 18:4–6

a. Moses: "Our fathers were unwilling to be obedient to him, but repudiated him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt," (Acts 7:39)

b. Paul: "And he was reasoning in the synagogue every Sabbath and trying to persuade Jews and Greeks. But when Silas and Timothy came down from Macedonia, Paul began devoting himself completely to the word, solemnly testifying to the Jews that Jesus was the Christ. But when they resisted and blasphemed, he shook out his garments and said to them, “Your blood be on your own heads! I am clean. From now on I will go to the Gentiles.” (Acts 18:4–6)

16. Both had fellow Jews who chose slavery and bondage over freedom and salvation: Exodus 14:11–12; Numbers 14:3–4; Galatians 4:25; 5:1–4

a. In 1446 BC: Before crossing the Red Sea at the Straits of Tiran for salvation and freedom from Egyptian slavery, the Hebrews wanted to return. "Then they said to Moses, “Is it because there were no graves in Egypt that you have taken us away to die in the wilderness? Why have you dealt with us in this way, bringing us out of Egypt? “Is this not the word that we spoke to you in Egypt, saying, ‘Leave us alone that we may serve the Egyptians’? For it would have been better for us to serve the Egyptians than to die in the wilderness.” (Exodus 14:11–12)

b. In 1444 BC: The Spies desired returning to slavery rather than freedom in Canaan: “Why is the Lord bringing us into this land, to fall by the sword? Our wives and our little ones will become plunder; would it not be better for us to return to Egypt?” So they said to one another, “Let us appoint a leader and return to Egypt.” (Numbers 14:3–4)

c. Paul offered the Jews freedom of the “Gospel of Christ” but the Jews desired to remain in “Mosaic Slavery”: "Now this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children." (Galatians 4:25)

d. Paul condemned Christians who returned to the slavery of Mosaic Judaism: "It was for freedom that Christ set us free; therefore keep standing firm and do not be subject again to a yoke of slavery. Behold I, Paul, say to you that if you receive circumcision, Christ will be of no benefit to you. And I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, that he is under obligation to keep the whole Law. You have been severed from Christ, you who are seeking to be justified by law; you have fallen from grace." (Galatians 5:1–4)

17. Both performed spectacular and extraordinary miracles: Acts 7:36; 19:11–12

a. Moses: "Moses led them out, performing wonders and signs in the land of Egypt and in the Red Sea and in the wilderness for forty years." (Acts 7:36)

b. Paul: "God was performing extraordinary miracles by the hands of Paul, so that handkerchiefs or aprons were even carried from his body to the sick, and the diseases left them and the evil spirits went out." (Acts 19:11–12)

18. Both had speech impediments but produced powerful and impressive written documents: Exodus 4:10; 2 Corinthians 10:10

a. Moses: "Then Moses said to the Lord, “Please, Lord, I have never been eloquent, neither recently nor in time past, nor since You have spoken to Your servant; for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.” (Exodus 4:10)

b. Paul: "For they say, “His letters are weighty and strong, but his personal presence is unimpressive and his speech contemptible.” (2 Corinthians 10:10)

19. Both were physically affected after they saw God: 2 Corinthians 3:7–8; 12:4–7

a. Moses’ Face shone in 1446 BC after seeing God: "But if the ministry of death, in letters engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the sons of Israel could not look intently at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face, fading as it was, how will the ministry of the Spirit fail to be even more with glory?" (2 Corinthians 3:7–8)

b. Paul’s Thorn in flesh in 40 AD after seeing God in heaven: "was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which a man is not permitted to speak. … Because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, for this reason, to keep me from exalting myself, there was given me a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to torment me—to keep me from exalting myself!" (2 Corinthians 12:4–7)

20. Both repeatedly asked God for a request, but both were denied: Deuteronomy 3:25-26; 2 Corinthians 12:2-10

a. Moses wanted to enter Canaan in 1406 BC: "‘Let me, I pray, cross over and see the fair land that is beyond the Jordan, that good hill country and Lebanon.’ “But the Lord was angry with me on your account, and would not listen to me; and the Lord said to me, ‘Enough! Speak to Me no more of this matter." (Deuteronomy 3:25-26)

b. Paul wanted his “thorn in the flesh” removed: 40 AD: "I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago—whether in the body I do not know, or out of the body I do not know, God knows—such a man was caught up to the third heaven. And I know how such a man—whether in the body or apart from the body I do not know, God knows— was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which a man is not permitted to speak. On behalf of such a man I will boast; but on my own behalf I will not boast, except in regard to my weaknesses. For if I do wish to boast I will not be foolish, for I will be speaking the truth; but I refrain from this, so that no one will credit me with more than he sees in me or hears from me. Because of the surpassing greatness of the revelations, for this reason, to keep me from exalting myself, there was given me a thorn in the flesh, a messenger of Satan to torment me—to keep me from exalting myself! Concerning this I implored the Lord three times that it might leave me. And He has said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness.” Most gladly, therefore, I will rather boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may dwell in me. Therefore I am well content with weaknesses, with insults, with distresses, with persecutions, with difficulties, for Christ’s sake; for when I am weak, then I am strong." (2 Corinthians 12:2–10)

21. Paul removed the “mystery veil” of Moses by teaching about the glory of Jesus Christ: Exodus 34:33–35; 2 Corinthians 3:12–18; Ephesians 3:1–6; Romans 16:25–27; Colossians 2:1–3

a. Moses wore a veil as a symbol of the partial revelation given to him: "When Moses had finished speaking with them, he put a veil over his face. But whenever Moses went in before the Lord to speak with Him, he would take off the veil until he came out; and whenever he came out and spoke to the sons of Israel what he had been commanded, the sons of Israel would see the face of Moses, that the skin of Moses’ face shone. So Moses would replace the veil over his face until he went in to speak with Him." (Exodus 34:33–35)

b. Paul removed the veil of Moses by revealing the mystery is Jesus Christ: "Therefore having such a hope, we use great boldness in our speech, and are not like Moses, who used to put a veil over his face so that the sons of Israel would not look intently at the end of what was fading away. But their minds were hardened; for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains unlifted, because it is removed in Christ. But to this day whenever Moses is read, a veil lies over their heart; but whenever a person turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away. Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty. But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit." (2 Corinthians 3:12–18)

c. The Old Covenant is the New Covenant concealed and the New Testament is the Old Testament concealed:

i. "For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles— if indeed you have heard of the stewardship of God’s grace which was given to me for you; that by revelation there was made known to me the mystery, as I wrote before in brief. By referring to this, when you read you can understand my insight into the mystery of Christ, which in other generations was not made known to the sons of men, as it has now been revealed to His holy apostles and prophets in the Spirit; to be specific, that the Gentiles are fellow heirs and fellow members of the body, and fellow partakers of the promise in Christ Jesus through the gospel," (Ephesians 3:1–6)

ii. "Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for long ages past, but now is manifested, and by the Scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, has been made known to all the nations, leading to obedience of faith; to the only wise God, through Jesus Christ, be the glory forever. Amen." (Romans 16:25–27)

iii. "For I want you to know how great a struggle I have on your behalf and for those who are at Laodicea, and for all those who have not personally seen my face, that their hearts may be encouraged, having been knit together in love, and attaining to all the wealth that comes from the full assurance of understanding, resulting in a true knowledge of God’s mystery, that is, Christ Himself, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge." (Colossians 2:1–3)

22. Writing on stone vs. spirit: Exodus 24:12; 2 Corinthians 3:7; 2 Corinthians 3:2-3

a. Moses wrote on Stone:

i. "Now the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to Me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandment which I have written for their instruction.”" (Exodus 24:12)

ii. "But if the ministry of death, in letters engraved on stones, came with glory, so that the sons of Israel could not look intently at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face, fading as it was," (2 Corinthians 3:7)

b. Paul wrote on spiritual hearts: "You are our letter, written in our hearts, known and read by all men; being manifested that you are a letter of Christ, cared for by us, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts." (2 Corinthians 3:2–3)

23. Both endured persecution by stoning from fellow Hebrews they were trying to save: Exodus 17:3–4; John 8:59; 10:31; Acts 14:4–7; 19–20; 2 Corinthians 11:24–29

a. Moses: "But the people thirsted there for water; and they grumbled against Moses and said, “Why, now, have you brought us up from Egypt, to kill us and our children and our livestock with thirst?” So Moses cried out to the Lord, saying, “What shall I do to this people? A little more and they will stone me.” (Exodus 17:3–4)

b. Jesus:

i. "Therefore they picked up stones to throw at Him, but Jesus hid Himself and went out of the temple." (John 8:59)

ii. "The Jews picked up stones again to stone Him." (John 10:31)

c. Paul:

i. "But the people of the city were divided; and some sided with the Jews, and some with the apostles. And when an attempt was made by both the Gentiles and the Jews with their rulers, to mistreat and to stone them, they became aware of it and fled to the cities of Lycaonia, Lystra and Derbe, and the surrounding region; and there they continued to preach the gospel." (Acts 14:4–7)

ii. "But Jews came from Antioch and Iconium, and having won over the crowds, they stoned Paul and dragged him out of the city, supposing him to be dead. But while the disciples stood around him, he got up and entered the city. The next day he went away with Barnabas to Derbe." (Acts 14:19–20)

iii. "Five times I received from the Jews thirty-nine lashes. Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned, three times I was shipwrecked, a night and a day I have spent in the deep. I have been on frequent journeys, in dangers from rivers, dangers from robbers, dangers from my countrymen, dangers from the Gentiles, dangers in the city, dangers in the wilderness, dangers on the sea, dangers among false brethren; I have been in labor and hardship, through many sleepless nights, in hunger and thirst, often without food, in cold and exposure. Apart from such external things, there is the daily pressure on me of concern for all the churches. Who is weak without my being weak? Who is led into sin without my intense concern?" (2 Corinthians 11:24–29)

24. Both were opposed by false prophets of depraved mind: 2 Timothy 3:8; Exodus 7:11–13; 1 Timothy 6:3–5

a. Moses was opposed by Egyptian court magicians during the 10 plagues:

i. "Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so these men also oppose the truth, men of depraved mind, rejected in regard to the faith." (2 Timothy 3:8)

ii. "Then Pharaoh also called for the wise men and the sorcerers, and they also, the magicians of Egypt, did the same with their secret arts. For each one threw down his staff and they turned into serpents. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs. Yet Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he did not listen to them, as the Lord had said." (Exodus 7:11–13)

iii. “And next in order came Jannes and Jambres, Egyptian sacred scribes, men judged to have no superiors in the practice of magic, at the time when the Jews were being driven out of Egypt.” (Numenius of Apamea dating to 150 BC, quoted by Eusebius, Preparation for the Gospel 9.8.1)

b. Paul was opposed by false teachers: "If anyone advocates a different doctrine and does not agree with sound words, those of our Lord Jesus Christ, and with the doctrine conforming to godliness, he is conceited and understands nothing; but he has a morbid interest in controversial questions and disputes about words, out of which arise envy, strife, abusive language, evil suspicions, and constant friction between men of depraved mind and deprived of the truth, who suppose that godliness is a means of gain." (1 Timothy 6:3–5)

25. Both became fearful during their mission and needed reassuring in what to speak: Exodus 6:11–13; Acts 18:9–10

a. Moses in Egypt: “Go, tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the sons of Israel go out of his land.” But Moses spoke before the LORD, saying, “Behold, the sons of Israel have not listened to me; how then will Pharaoh listen to me, for I am unskilled in speech?” Then the LORD spoke to Moses and to Aaron, and gave them a charge to the sons of Israel and to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt." (Exodus 6:11–13)

b. Paul in the immoral city Corinth: "And the Lord said to Paul in the night by a vision, “Do not be afraid any longer, but go on speaking and do not be silent; for I am with you, and no man will attack you in order to harm you, for I have many people in this city.” (Acts 18:9–10)

26. Paul shared with Christ, the function of being Moses’ replacement by removing the veil of Moses: Deuteronomy 18:18-19; Acts 3:19–24; 2 Corinthians 3:18–4:6

a. Moses specifically prophesied Jesus Christ would replace him:

i. "‘I will raise up a prophet from among their countrymen like you, and I will put My words in his mouth, and he shall speak to them all that I command him. ‘It shall come about that whoever will not listen to My words which he shall speak in My name, I Myself will require it of him." (Deuteronomy 18:18-19)

ii. "“Therefore repent and return, so that your sins may be wiped away, in order that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord; and that He may send Jesus, the Christ appointed for you, whom heaven must receive until the period of restoration of all things about which God spoke by the mouth of His holy prophets from ancient time. “Moses said, ‘The Lord God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your brethren; to Him you shall give heed to everything He says to you. ‘And it will be that every soul that does not heed that prophet shall be utterly destroyed from among the people.’ “And likewise, all the prophets who have spoken, from Samuel and his successors onward, also announced these days." (Acts 3:19–24)

b. Paul fulfills the prophecy of Moses as a secondary Midrashic echo:

i. Although the prophecy of Moses in Deuteronomy 18 is specifically fulfilled in Christ, it is echoed also in Paul as a secondary fulfillment, and then of course each Christian who ever lived that preaches Jesus as the Risen saviour!

ii. Paul was the agent of Christ: “every soul that does not heed that prophet (Jesus speaking through Paul) shall be utterly destroyed from among the people” (Deut 18:19)

iii. "But we all, with unveiled face, beholding as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, just as from the Lord, the Spirit. Therefore, since we have this ministry, as we received mercy, we do not lose heart, but we have renounced the things hidden because of shame, not walking in craftiness or adulterating the word of God, but by the manifestation of truth commending ourselves to every man’s conscience in the sight of God. And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving so that they might not see the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. For we do not preach ourselves but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your bond-servants for Jesus’ sake. For God, who said, “Light shall shine out of darkness,” is the One who has shone in our hearts to give the Light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ." (2 Corinthians 3:18–4:6)

Conclusion:

1. The primary typology between Moses and Paul is that both are scripture writers of the canon

a. Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible that were the sole written authority in Israel until the time of Samuel and David.

b. Paul wrote 14 of the 27 New Testament books.

2. We have one direct New Testament statement that Moses was a type of Paul:

a. In 2 Corinthians 3, Paul describes how his ministry removed the veil Moses wore through the Law of Christ written on human hearts rather than tables of stone.

3. Moses was a type of Paul.

a. The parallels are so striking and so dramatic that they just pop out at you!

b. This is a powerful witness of Christ in the Old Testament.

c. There are most certainly more echoes we have missed.

4. Trust the entire Bible, Old Testament (Tanakh) and New.

a. All scripture is inspired by God.

b. Scripture cannot be broken

5. What you read in the book; you find in the ground!

Why not attend a Bible believing church this Lord’s Day and BRING YOUR BIBLE!