Dr. Don R. Patton

CONCEPTUAL, "The end product of correlation is a mental abstraction called the geological column." p.779, 1985, Encyclopedia Britannica

BUILT BY CORRELATION, L. Don Leet (Harvard) & Sheldon Judson (Princeton), "Because we cannot find sedimentary rocks representing all of earth time neatly in one convenient area, we must piece together the rock sequence from locality to locality. This process of tying one rock sequence in one place to another in some other place is known as correlation, from the Latin for 'together' plus 'relate.'" Physical Geology, p.181.

Putman & Bassett, "A rock that had an early form of an organism was clearly older than rocks containing later forms. Furthermore, all rocks that had the early form, no matter how far apart those rocks were geographically, would have to be the same age. ...fossil successions made it possible to say that the Cambrian rocks are older than the Ordovician rocks. In this way our geologic time table came into being. ...Without the theory of evolution and the interdisciplinary science of paleontology, it could not exist." Geology, p.544.

Non-Radioactive Correlation, Derek Ager (Past Pres., British Geol. Asso.) "...fossils have been and still are the best and most accurate method of dating and correlating the rocks in which they occur ...I can think of no cases of radioactive decay being used to date fossils.", New Scientist, 11/10/82, p.425. Time Relations? Dunbar & Rogers, "...though facies and faunal relations are recorded in the rocks and fossils, and their determination can be reasonable exact and objective, time relations are not so recorded, and their determination remains an ideal, toward which we strive, but which we can only approximate... It follows that correlation, being...essentially an interpretation, is the result of personal judgment, and that it can never be wholly objective,..." Principles Of Stratigraphy, p. 272

R. H. Rastal, Cambridge, "It cannot be denied that from a strictly philosophical standpoint geologists are here arguing in a circle. The succession of organisms has been determined by a study of their remains embedded in the rocks, and the relative ages of the rocks are determined by the organisms that they contain." Encyclopedia Britannia, Vol.X, p.168.

Tom Kemp, Oxford, "A circular argument arises: Interpret the fossil record in the terms of a particular theory of evolution, inspect the interpretation, and note that it confirms the theory. Well, it would, wouldn't it?" New Scientist, Vol.108, 12/5/1985, p. 67.

J. E. O'rourke, "The rocks do date the fossils, but the fossils date the rocks more accurately. Stratigraphy cannot avoid this kind of reasoning, if it insists on using only temporal concepts, because circularity is inherent in the derivation of time scales." American Journal of Science, Vol. 276, p.51.

D. B. Kitts, U. of OK., "But the danger of circularity is still present. ...The temporal ordering of biological events beyond the local section may critically involve paleontological correlation...for almost almost all contemporary paleontologist it rest upon the acceptance of the evolutionary hypothesis." Evolution V.28, p.466.

David M. Raup, U. of Chicago;"The charge that the construction of the geologic scale involves circularity has a certain amount of validity. ...Thus, the procedure is far from ideal and the geologic ranges are constantly being revised (usually extended) as new occurrences are found." Field Museum Of Natural History Bulletin, Vol.54, Mar.1983, p.21.

NO ANSWER, Niles Eldridge, Curator, American Museum Of Natural History, "...there seems to have been almost no change in any part we can compare between the living organism and its fossilized progenitors of the remote geological past. Living fossils embody the theme of evolutionary stability to an extreme degree. ...We have not completely solved the riddle of living fossils." Fossils, 1991, p.101, 108.

Neopilina, Niles Eldridge, "...were thought to have been extinct by the end of the Middle Devonian [385 MYA]. Modern Neopilina species, however, were dredged from the deep oceans in the 1950's..." Fossils, 1991, p.101.

Gingko, P. Arduini & G. Teruzzi, "The Gingko biloba is the sole surviving species of a very old group of gymnosperms which died out 100 million years ago." Prehistoric Atlas, 1982, p.78.

Coelacanth, Keith S. Thomson, Pres., Academy of Natural Sciences, "Off the coast of southern Africa, in the winter of 1938, a fishing boat called The Nerine dragged from the Indian Ocean near the Chalumna River a fish thought to be extinct for 70 million years. The fish was a coelacanth, an animal that thrived concurrently with dinosaurs..." Living Fossil, 1991, From bookcover.

Horseshoe Crab, Keith S. Thomson, The first members of this group appeared some 424 million years ago in the Silurian and look quite like the modern forms. The last fossils became extinct about 50 million years ago." Living Fossil, 1991, p.72.

Dawn Redwood, Keith S. Thomson, This species was widespread and reasonably common in the Pliocene of North America... The tree was thought to be extinct worldwide until living specimens were found in central China in 1945." Living Fossil, 1991, p.72.

Dinosaur Trees, Sydney, Australia (AP) 12/15/1994 "David Noble was out on a holiday hike when he stepped off the beaten path and into the prehistoric age...standing amid trees thought to have disappeared 150 million years ago. 'The discovery is the equivalent of finding a small dinosaur still alive on the earth,' said Carrick Chambers, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens."

Extinct Crabs "French scientists who explored the Coral Sea said Friday they discovered a new species of crustacean that was thought to have become extinct 60 million years ago. The 'living fossil,' a female designated Neoglyphea neocaledonica, was discovered 1,312 feet (400 meters) under water during an expedition in the Chesterfield Islands, northwest of New Caledonia...." AP, 5/ 19/2006

Graptolites, Sue Rigby, British Geol. Survey, "All paleontologist dream of finding a 'living fossil.' Noel Dilly, it seems has done so... As graptolites are arguably the most important zone fossils of the Lower Palaeozoic (570-360 MYBP), this is far from an esoteric issue." Nature, Vol.363, p.209, 3/18/'93.

Extinction Falsified, Richard A. Kerr "A bunch of sea urchins turned up in the Cretaceous like a big penny, millions of years after they were believed to have gone extinct. Fifteen of the 29 apparently extinct genera reappeared therefore must not really have gone extinct." Science, V. 293, p.1037, 10/8/2001

EVOLUTION IS falsifiable, Richard Dawkins, Oxford, ""We should be very surprised, for example, to find fossil humans appearing in the record before mammals are supposed to have evolved! If a single, well verified mammal skull were to turn up in 500 million year old rocks, our whole modern theory of evolution would be utterly destroyed. Incidentally, this is a sufficient answer to the canard, put about by creationist and their journalistic fellow travelers, that the whole theory of evolution is an 'unfalsifiable' tautology. Ironically, it is also the reason why creationist are so keen on the fake human footprints, which were carved during the depression to fool tourist, in the dinosaur beds of Texas," The Blind Watchmaker, 1986, p.225.

Evolution tested, Niles Eldridge, American Museum, N.H., "We have been looking at the fossil record as a general test of the notion that life has evolved: to falsify that general idea, we would have to show that forms of life we considered more advanced appear earlier than the simpler forms." Monkey Business, p.46, 1982.

AFRICAN SIGHTINGS, "...in Lesotho, the Bushmen left cave paintings illustrating dinosaur footprints, and in some instances also the presumed trackmakers. One of the creatures portrayed by those most superb of all trackers is the distinct outline of an iguanodontid, in bipedal stance, with reduced forelimbs and other details remarkably compatible with our present-day enlightened understanding of those ancient creatures. Ammunition here for creationists..." Ichnos, V.1, p.151-153, 1990.

"Human Footprints Found On Dinosaurs' Plateau" "...Turkmenian plateau contains more than three thousand footprints! ...But the most mysterious fact is that among the footprints of dinosaurs, footprints of bare human feet were found!" (Translated from Russian) Komsomolskaya Pravda, 1/ 31/1995

Dr. Kurban Amanniyazov, (Led Three Expeditions To Investate) "...If we speak about the human footprint, it was made by a human-like animal. Incredibly, this footprint is on the same plateau where there are dinosaur tracks." Science In The USSR, "Old Friends Dinosaurs" T 986 No.1 p. 101-107.

Taylor Trail (14 Tracks) - McFall Trail (15 Tracks) - Burdick Track (Sectioned)

Stinnett, TX Track - Sonoroa Tx Tracks - Russian Footprints - New Mexico Footprint

Utah - Colorado - Arizona - Cambodia - France - Italy

Burial Stones - Pottery.- Fabric - Figurines

STEVEN M. STANLEY, Johns Hopkins Univ., "There is an infinite variety of ways in which, since 1859, the general concept of evolution might have been demolished. Consider the fossil record--a little known resource in Darwin's day. The unequivocal discovery of a fossil population of horses in Precambrian rocks would disprove evolution. More generally, any topsy-turvy sequence of fossils would force us to rethink our theory, yet not a single one has come to light. As Darwin recognized, a single geographic inconsistency would have nearly the same power of destruction." The New Evolutionary Timetable, 1981, p.171.

Louis Jacobs, SMU, President of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology "...co-occurrence of men and dinosaurs. Such an association would dispel an Earth with vast antiquity. The entire history of creation, including the day of rest, could be accommodated in the seven biblical days of the Genesis myth. Evolution would be vanquished." In Quest Of The African Dinosaur, p.261.

Ernst Mayr, Harvard, "Creationists have stated that humans and dinosaurs were contemporaries in time...Were this momentous statement true the names of its discoverers would thunder down the corridors of time as individuals who made one of the most outstanding discoveries of the twentieth century." Gish-Mayr Debate, Evansville, Indiana.

NOVA TV Special, God, Darwin And The Dinosaurs, "...dinosaur footprints, side by side with humans. Finding them would counter evidence that humans evolved long after the dinosaurs became extinct and back up...[the] claim that all species, including man, were created at one time."

RECORD IS CATASTROPHIC, David Raup, Chicago Field Museum, Univ. of Chicago, "A great deal has changed, however, and contemporary geologists and paleontologists now generally accept catastrophe as a 'way of life' although they may avoid the word catastrophe... The periods of relative quiet contribute only a small part of the record. The days are almost gone when a geologist looks at such a sequence, measures its thickness, estimates the total amount of elapsed time, and then divides one by the other to compute the rate of deposition in centimeters per thousand years. The nineteenth-century idea of uniformitarianism and gradualism still exist in popular treatments of geology, in some museum exhibits, and in lower level textbooks. ...one can hardly blame the creationists for having the idea that the conventional wisdom in geology is still a noncatastrophic one." Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin (Vol.54, March 1983), p.21.

"THE RULE," Robert H. Dott, Presidential Address To Society of Economic Paleontologists & Mineralogists , "I hope I have convinced you that the sedimentary record is largely a record of episodic events rather than being uniformly continuous. My message is that episodicity is the rule, not the exception. ...we need to shed those lingering subconscious constraints of old uniformitarian thinking." Geotimes, Nov. 1982, p.16.

CATACLYSMIC, John R. Horner, "...there were 30 million fossil fragments in that area. At a conservative estimate, we had discovered the tomb of 10,000 dinosaurs ...there was a flood. This was no ordinary spring flood from one of the streams in the area but a catastrophic inundation. ...That's our best explanation. It seems to make the most sense, and on the basis of it we believe that this was a living, breathing group of dinosaurs destroyed in one catastrophic moment." Digging Dinosaurs, 1988, p.131. [Editorial note: Horner believes they were killed by volcanoes, then later buried by a flood]

NICHOLAS STENO Dott & Batten, (Father of Modern Statigraphy), "Besides correctly interpreting fossils, Steno drew some even more important conclusions about the strata in which they occur. The result was formulation of most basic principles for analysis of earth history. Steno showed great insight...Steno's axioms provide the ultimate basis of practically all interpretation of earth history, so their importance can hardly be overemphasized." Evolution Of The Earth, p.24.

A Flood Geologist, "Steno believed in the universal flood throughout his life..." Geology, 9/2006.

John C. McCampbell, Head Of Department Of Geology, University of Southeastern Louisiana "...the authors have shown such a position to be supported by excellent proof and sound interpretation. ...and that the major facts of geology and other sciences can be satisfactorily oriented within this framework." The Genesis Flood, Forward, xvi.

ORDERED SEQUENCE? David M. Raup, U. of Chicago, Chicago Field Mus. Nat. Hist., "The fossil record of evolution is amenable to a wide variety of models ranging from completely deterministic to completely stochastic." American Scientist, Vol.65, Jan.-Feb. p.57. ("stochastic," "...of, pertaining to or arising from chance; involving probability; random..." p.1402, Webster's New World Dictionary).

SEGREGATED FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGES, Gilluly, Walters, Woodford, "In correlating rock strata by comparison of fossils, it is important to keep in mind the limitations to the spread of organisms imposed by their natural habitats. Many different depositional environments exist...Each environment has its characteristic group of animals and plants, that live contemporaneously...For example, we do not expect to find the bones of antelopes in a coral reef, nor coral in a desert sand dune. ...we would not expect to find the same fossils entombed in all the varied deposits formed." Principles Of Geology, p.101.

FOSSIL PROGRESSION? David Raup, Chicago Field Museum, Prof. of Geology, U. of Chicago, "A large number of well-trained scientists outside of evolutionary biology and paleontology have unfortunately gotten the idea that the fossil record is far more Darwinian than it is. This probably comes from the oversimplification inevitable in secondary sources: low-level textbooks, semi-popular articles, and so on. Also, there is probably some wishful thinking involved. In the years after Darwin, his advocates hoped to find predictable progressions. In general, these have not been found yet the optimism has died hard, and some pure fantasy has crept into textbooks...One of the ironies of the creation-evolution debate is that the creationists have accepted the mistaken notion that the fossil record shows a detailed and orderly progression and they have gone to great lengths to accommodate this 'fact' in their Flood Geology." New Scientist, V.90, p.832, 1981.

GLOBAL LAYERS, Derek Ager, President British Geologist Asso., "I was taken by a Turkish friend to visit a cliff section in Upper Cretaceous sediments near Sile on the Black Sea coast. ...what I in fact saw was the familiar white chalk of north-west Europe with black flints and old fossil friends such as Micraster and Echinocorys. What I was looking at was identical with the 'White Cliffs of Dover' in England and the rolling plateau of Picardy in France, the quarries of southern Sweden and the cliffs of eastern Denmark. ...We have long known, of course, that the White Chalk facies of late Cretaceous times extended all the way from Antrim in Northern Ireland, via England and northern France, through the Low Countries, northern Germany and southern Scandinavia to Poland, Bulgaria and eventually to Georgia in the south of the Soviet Union. We also knew of the same facies in Egypt and Israel. My record was merely an extension of that vast range to the south side of the Black Sea. ...Nevertheless, there is even worse to come, for on the other side of the Atlantic in Texas, we find the Austin Chalk of the same age and character, and...found in Arkansas, Mississippi and Alabama. And most surprising of all, much farther away still in Western Australia, we have the Gingin Chalk of late Cretaceous age, with the same black flints and the same familiar fossils, resting - as in north-west Europe - on glauconitic sands." ...Some general explanation is surely needed for such a wide distribution of such a unique facies pp.1-2 "...in north-west Bulgaria, again the basal conglomerate is largely composed of exactly similar purple quartzite pebbles (resting on Permian breccias also like those of midland England) Even if one postulates continent-wide uplift to produce the conglomerate in such widely separated places, it is very difficult to explain why the source rock is also so remarkably similar from one end of Europe to the other. ...It is well known that the Newark Group of the eastern seaboard of the United States is exactly like the Trias of north-west Europe.. The similarities are almost laughable.. ...we still have to account for a general facies development in late Carboniferous times that extends in essentially the same form all the way from Texas to the Donetz coal basin, north of the Caspian Sea in the U.S.S.R. This amounts to some 170º of longitude, and closing up the Atlantic by a mere 40º does not really help all that much in explaining the remarkable phenomenon." The Nature of the Stratigraphical Record, pp.6-7.